Function

from set D to set R is a rule that assigns a UNIQUE element in R to each element in D.
Domain/range
Y=f(x)

One-to-one function
A function f (x) is one-to-one on a domain D if f (a) f (b) whenever a b.

Inverses
Since each output of a one-to-one function comes from just one input, a one-to-one function can
be reversed to send outputs back to the inputs from which they came.

Writing f -1as a function of x

1. Solve the equation y = f (x) for x in terms of y.
2. Interchange x and y. The resulting formula will be y = f -1(x)

Logarithmic Function
The base a logarithmic function
x

y=a

y=log a x

is the inverse of the base a exponential function

(a > 0, a 1).

The domain of

log a x

log a x
is (0, ), the range of ax. The range of

domain of ax.

Properties of logarithms
a. Product Rule:

b. Quotient Rule:

log a xy=log a x + log a y

x
log a =log a xlog a y
y

is ( , ), the

c. Power Rule: log a x = y log a x

log b x
log
x=
a
d. Change of base formula:
log b a

Trigonometric Function

Definition

Sine:

sin =

Cosine:

Tangent:

y
r

cos =

Cosecant:
x
r

tan =

Secant:
y
x

csc =

sec

Cotangent:

r
y

r
x

cot

x
y

Graph

Periodicity
A function is periodic if there is a positive number p such that f (x + p) = f (x) for every value of
x. The smallest such value of p is the period of f.
We can see sin x , cos x , csc x , sec x have period 2 , while tan x ,cot x have period
.

Transformations of graphs
A sinusoid has the formula:
y=af ( b ( x +c ) ) + d

Or
f ( x )= A sin

2
( x C ) + D
B

Where as |A| is the amplitude, |B| is the period, C is the horizontal shift, and D is the vertical
shift.