Chapter 5 and 6 Springs Strain Energy 6 Per Page

17/01/2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Nov 2011
3. Stresses in Beams (a)
Dec 2011
Stresses in Beams (b)
Dec 2011
Jan 2012
5. Springs
Jan 2012
6. Strain Energy
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"
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17 JAN 2012
BUITEMS
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Oct 2011
2. Columns
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1. Stress Analysis
Jan 2012
BY
ARSHAD ALI
arshadalibuitems@yahoo.com
Marks Distribution
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Mechanics of Solids
4. Circular Shafts
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
1. Mid Term
25 Marks
2. Final
50 Marks
3. Sessional
15 Marks
4. Test
10 Marks
5. Lab Work
50 Marks
Total
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
150
BY
ARSHAD ALI
CIVIL
CIVIL
Chapter 5,6
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
Springs / Strain Energy
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17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
Springs used in foundation
CIVIL
CIVIL
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
BUITEMS
BUITEMS
QUETTA
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Springs used in foundation to absorb shock loading

17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17/01/2012
Earthquake springs
Springs in foundations
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CIVIL
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
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QUETTA
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Springs used in foundation of columns to absorb

earthquake loadings
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
Definition of Springs
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
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Springs are energy-absorbing units whose function it is to store
10
energy and to release it slowly or rapidly depending on the

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ENGINEERING
particular application
Classification of Springs
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17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
Classification of Springs
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
11
12
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Helical springs:
Tension helical spring
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Compression helical spring

Torsion spring
Helical Spring
It is made of wire coiled in the form of helix. Type of spring formed by winding
strips of metal around a cylinder. The helical spring is the most common spring.
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Spiral spring
Leaf springs
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17 JAN 2012
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17/01/2012
MATERIAL OF SPRINGS
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Carbon steels
Alloy steels
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Beryllium copper
Nickel alloy steels
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Titanium alloy steels
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Corrosion resisting steels

Phosphor bronze
Spring brass
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MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BUITEMS
17 JAN 2012
Standards of Specification
13
BY
ARSHAD ALI
Compression Helical Spring
UNS: Unified Numbering System
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
AISI: Stands for American Iron and Steel Institute
AMS: SAE / Aerospace Materials Standards
SAE: Society Of Automotive Engineers
Federal, MIL. Sp.: Federal and Military specifications
JIS: Japanese Standards Association
BS: British standards
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
Specifications
15
16
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A helical spring is a spiral wound wire with
14
a constant coil diameter and uniform
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
pitch.
The most common form of helical spring

is the compression spring but tension
BUITEMS
BUITEMS
springs are also widely used. .
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The strength of the steel used is one of

the most important criteria to consider in
designing springs.
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
SPRING TESTING MACHINES
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
ARSHAD ALI
Summary of Spring Parameters
17
Parameter
18
Parameters to be evaluated
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Helical Spring
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ENGINEERING
Shear Stress
16WR
d3
W = Load, R= Radius of Coil, d= Diameter of wire
displacement
64nWR 3
Gd 4
G=Torsional Rigidity, n=number of coils or turns
Strain Energy
BUITEMS
BUITEMS
1
U W
2
W= load, = displacement
D
2
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17 JAN 2012
BY
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17/01/2012
Summary of Spring Parameters

Parameter
19
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Leaf Spring or Semi elliptical spring

Bending Stress
3WL
2 Nbt 2
W = Load
3WL3
8 ENbt 3
N=number of plates in spring
t= thickness of each plate

E=Moduls of elasticity
V=Volume of Spring
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MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
Problem 2
D 120mm 0.12m
n 10
G 80GPa
40mm 0.04
64nWR 3
Gd 4
W k
D 10 12.6
D 126mm
17 JAN 2012
Gd 4
k
64nR 3
82 109 0.012
0.12
64 10
2
BY
ARSHAD ALI
1230 N
Problem 3
BY
ARSHAD ALI
Problem 2
22
Force required to elongate 0.04 m
W k
W 12300 N
17 JAN 2012
0.04 492 N
l03
joules of energy.
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Determine the diameter of the wire, the mean diameter of the spring and the
number of coils necessary if
(b) the maximum compression of the spring is limited to 250 mm;

(c) the mean diameter of the spring can be assumed to be eight times that of the
wire. For the spring material G = 70 GN/mZ.
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Data
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ENGINEERING
(a) the maximum stress is not to exceed 400 MN/m2;
U 2.25 103 Joules

d ?
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
Problem 3
23
A close-coiled helical spring is required to absorb 2.25 x
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
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64nWR 3
Gd 4
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
16 500 5d
d3
d 12.6mm
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Spring Constant k ?
17 JAN 2012
80MPa
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
d 12mm 0.012m
W k
D 10d
D 10d
CIVIL
CIVIL
Data
W 500 N
80 106
21
Problem: A helical spring is made of 12 mm diameter steel wire wound on a 120 mm

diameter mandrel. If there are 10 active coils, what is spring constant. Take G= 82 Gpa.
What force must be applied to the spring to elongate it by 40 mm.
Data
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6E
B=Width of each plate
20
Problem: A close coil helical spring is to carry a load of 500 N. Its mean diameter is to be
10 times that of a wire diameter. Calculate the dia if the maximum shear stress in the
material of the spring is to be 80 Mpa.
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Strain Energy
b2 V
L= Spring Span
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
displacement
17 JAN 2012
Problem 1
Parameters to be evaluated
24
W = Maximum load carried by the spring
1
U W
2
1
2.25 103 Joules W 0.25m
2
1
2.25 103 N m W 0.25m
2
W 18kN
D?
QUETTA
QUETTA
n?
400MPa
D 8d
250mm 0.250m
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17/01/2012
Problem 3
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d= required diameter of the wire
16WR
d3
400 N
mm 2
d3
16 18 103 N
d3
D
2
8d
2
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400 N
mm 2
16 18 103 N
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
Problem 3
25
d 30mm
n = number of complete coils necessary
64nWR 3
Gd 4
0.250m
0.250m
BY
ARSHAD ALI
Problem 4
17 JAN 2012
BUITEMS
b 80mm 0.08m
W 5.8kN
b 300MPa
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
0.240m
BY
ARSHAD ALI
28
3WL
2 Nbt 2
300 106
3WL3
8 ENbt 3
QUETTA
QUETTA
E 200GPa
m2
64n 18 103 N 4 0.240m

n7
4
70 109 N 2 0.240m
m
BUITEMS
45mm 0.045m
0.240m
64n 18 10 N 4d
70 109 N
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
L 600mm 1m
CIVIL
CIVIL
Data
m2
Problem 4
27
Problem: A leaf spring of steel 1 m long is to support a central load of 5.8 kN of a

Carriage. If the maximum deflection of spring is not to exceed 45 mm and maximum
stress should not exceed 300 Mpa, calculate thickness of each plate and number of plates.
Take E = 200 Gpa.
64n 18 103 N R 3
70 109 N
QUETTA
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
D
2
8d
R
2
R 4d
R
0.250m
QUETTA
17 JAN 2012
26
3 5.8 103 1
2 N 0.08 t 2
Nt 2 3.625 104
0.045
Nt 3 3.02 106
Nt 2 3.625 104
t 8.33mm
Nt 3 3.02 106
3 5.8 103 13
8 200 109 N 0.08t 3
N 5
Nt 3 3.02 106
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
29
30
CIVIL
CIVIL
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
Thanks
Note:
If you feel any difficulty in understanding the lectures or if you could not get
How to Write
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the soft copy of the lecture you can email me. I will try my best to answer.
Your suggestions are always welcome to improve the lecture presentations
Official:
17 JAN 2012
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
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Personal:
arshadali@buitems.com.pk
BY
ARSHAD ALI
5 Jan 2012
STRENGTH OF MATERIAL LAB AND EXPERIMENTS
BY
ARSHAD ALI
17/01/2012
HOW TO WRITE IN YOUR PRACTICAL NOTE BOOK
31
CIVIL
Objective:
Plot load deflection graph of Brass Columns of different cross section
Apparatus:
ENGINEERING
BUITEMS
Bend and Twist Machine

Test Conducted by:
Hakeem, Najeeb, Nisar, Salman
Test Setup:
Paste a label picture or free body diagram
Procedure:
Write the procedure in your own words
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Precautions:
Write the precautions in your own words
Results:
Table and Graphs as proposed in the test procedure
Conclusion:
Write your conclusion with comments on errors etc.
5 Jan 2012
STRENGTH OF MATERIAL LAB AND EXPERIMENTS
BY
ARSHAD ALI

Chapter 5 and 6 Springs Strain Energy 6 Per Page

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Chapter 5 and 6 Springs Strain Energy 6 Per Page

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17/01/2012

3. Stresses in Beams (a)

Stresses in Beams (b)

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

Springs / Strain Energy

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

Springs used in foundation

Springs used in foundation to absorb shock loading

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

Springs used in foundation of columns to absorb

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

Springs are energy-absorbing units whose function it is to store

energy and to release it slowly or rapidly depending on the

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

Compression helical spring

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

Titanium alloy steels

Corrosion resisting steels

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

Compression Helical Spring

UNS: Unified Numbering System

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

AISI: Stands for American Iron and Steel Institute

AMS: SAE / Aerospace Materials Standards

SAE: Society Of Automotive Engineers

Federal, MIL. Sp.: Federal and Military specifications

JIS: Japanese Standards Association

BS: British standards

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

A helical spring is a spiral wound wire with

a constant coil diameter and uniform

The most common form of helical spring

springs are also widely used. .

The strength of the steel used is one of

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

SPRING TESTING MACHINES

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

Summary of Spring Parameters

W = Load, R= Radius of Coil, d= Diameter of wire

G=Torsional Rigidity, n=number of coils or turns

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

Summary of Spring Parameters

Leaf Spring or Semi elliptical spring

N=number of plates in spring

t= thickness of each plate

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

Force required to elongate 0.04 m

(b) the maximum compression of the spring is limited to 250 mm;

(a) the maximum stress is not to exceed 400 MN/m2;

U 2.25 103 Joules

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"

A close-coiled helical spring is required to absorb 2.25 x

Problem: A helical spring is made of 12 mm diameter steel wire wound on a 120 mm

B=Width of each plate

W = Maximum load carried by the spring

SPRINGS / STRAIN ENERGY"