Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ISBN
Title
Author
Year
Edition
Vol
Publisher
978-81-925192-2-7
Sansodhan Drakhast
Dr. Jagdip Sonwane
2013
First
www.edupublication.com
Dr. J. R. Sonwane
Department of Education
M. K. Bhavnagar University,
Bhavnagar
INDIA
Contact
edupublication@gmail.com
Price
Free
Pages
80
Subject
Educational Technology
Language Gujarati
tYi
s>Si[Fn
s>b>(Ft
p&Atkmi>
s>Si[{Fn
- jgd)p si[nvN[
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
k\m
S)P<k
pini n>br
1.
2.
s>Si[Fn x[#ii[
20
36
p\Ativnin&> aiyi[jn
43
nm*ni$p p\Ativ -1
50
nm*ni$p p\Ativ -2
64
10 nm*ni$p p\Ativ -3
72
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn drKiAtni si[pini[
s>Si[Fn drKiAtn[ simiy r)t[ b[ (vBigi[mi> vh[>c) Skiy C[.
{1} p(rcyiRmk (vBig (Introductory Section)
ai (vBigmi> s>Si[Fnn) smAyi - p(rcyn[ lgt) bibti[ni[ smiv[S
Yiy C[. j[ n)c[ p\miN[ C[.
1
S)P<k
(Title)
smAyikYn
(Review of Related
Literature)
s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i
(Area of Research)
ayisni h[t&ai[
ayisn) aY<s*ckti
(Delimitations of the
Study)
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
{2} s>Si[Fnni[ kiy< p(t (vBig ( Method Section)
s>Si[Fn drKiAtni ai b)ji (vBigmi> n)c[n) bibti[ni[ smiv[S
Yiy C[.
9
10 upkrNi[
(Tools)
11 s>Si[Fn p(t
(Method of Research)
12 pZYrN p\(v(F
( Analysis Procedure)
13 smy aiyi[jn
( Time Schedule)
(Budget)
15 s>dB<s*(c
( Refrences)
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn x[#i:
a[m. b). b&c {1987} a[ (SxNni 17 j[Tli x[#ii[ ni[>yi C[.
NCERT(2000) Fifth Survey of Research in
Education mi> 38 j[Tli s>Si[Fn x[#ii[ dSi<yi C[. j[ n)c[ m&jb
C[.
k\m
s>Si[Fn x[#ii[
k\m
s>Si[Fn x[#ii[
1.
BiPi (SxN
20.
g(Nt (SxN
2.
(SxNn&> t_vXin
21.
3.
(SxNn&> smijSiA#i
22.
4.
(SxNni[ e(this
23.
S]x(Nk T[kni[l(j
5.
(SxNn&> aY<SiA#i
24.
ayipn p\y&(t
6.
(SxNn&> mni[(vXin
25.
(SxN - p\(SxN
7.
min(sk AviAy
26.
8.
min(sk p\(k\yiai[
27.
(v(SOT (SxN
9.
simi(jk p\(k\yiai[
28.
d*rvt)< (SxN
10. p\[rNi
29.
30.
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
12. mig<dSn an[ slihdS<n
31.
32.
vst) (SxN
33.
pyi<vrN
34.
t&lniRmk (SxN
35.
36.
37.
(s(
38.
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn drKiAt m*yi>kn mipd>D
1. S)P<k
2. mi]l)kti/
nv)nti
3. upyi[(gti
4. ayisni
h[t&ai[
5. uRkpni /
p\i[
s>yiRmk
m*yi>kn
(nn
as>ti[Pkirk
simiy
g&NiRmk m*yi>kn
s>tiPkirk
m*yi>kn
miT[
yinmi>
riKvin)
bibti[
~[Oq
k\m m*yi>knni[
GTk
k&l m[Lv[
g& l
N g&N
ayisn&>
x[#i,
prt>#i
cl,
Avt>#i
cl,
pi#ii[n&>
Av$p
n)
rj*ait
ayisni
(vPyn&>
ni(vy
ayisn)
yvhi(rk
k[ s]i>(tk
(OTa[
upyi[(gti
ApOTti
an[
ci[ksie
srLti
an[
ckisN)n)
Syti
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
uRkpni /
p\i[ni[ h[t&
siY[ni[
s>b>F
uRkpni /
p\i[ni[
s>Si[Fnni
h[t&
siY[ni[
s>b>F
6. yvhi(rk ayismi>
yiyiai[ smi(vOT
cli[ tYi
agRyni
pdi[n[
mip)
Skiy tYi
avli[k)
Skiy t[vi
Av$pmi>
aY<n)
ApOTti
7. myi<diai[ ayisn)
x[#i
myi<di
tYi
s>B(vt
uNpi[n)
ApOTti
8. s>b>(Ft
p*v[< Yy[l
s>Si[Fni[ni[ s>b>(Ft
ul[K
s>Si[Fni[n
i[ ul[K
10
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
9. p\At&t
s>Si[Fnn)
(vS[Pti
10 s>Si[Fn
. p(t
11 s>Si[Fn
. p(tn)
rj*ait
12 s>Si[Fn
. x[#i
13 yip(vV
.
p*v[< Yy[l
s>Si[Fni[n
i ul[Kn[
aiFir[
p\At&t
s>Si[Fnn&>
aigvip
N&>,
(vS[Pti
upyi[gmi>
l[vinir
s>Si[Fn
p(tn&>
ai](cRy
upyi[gmi>
l[vinir
s>Si[Fn
p(tn)
rj*ait
s>Si[Fn
x[#in)
ApOTti
s>B(vt
yip(vV
ni[ p(rcy
t[mj
kdn)
rj*ait
11
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
14 nm*ni
. ps>dg)n)
p(t
15 nm*ni
. ps>dg)n)
rj*ait
16 upkrN
.
17 upkrNn)
. (vgt
12
nm*ni
ps>dg)n)
p(tn&>
ai](cRy
yip(vV
n&>
p\(t(n(FR
v p*rvir
krvi miT[
(v(vF
lxNi[ni>
s>dB<mi>
nm*nini[
p(rcy
ps>d
krvimi>
aivnir
upkrNn)
u(ctti
upkrNn)
rcni/
t]yir
upkrNni[
Av)kir,
(vVvsn)
yti,
p\miNB*t
ti vg[r[n)
(vgt
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
18 pZYrN
. p\y&(t
19 smy
. aiyi[jn
20 Kc<
. aiyi[jn
21 s>dB< s*(c
.
22 smg\ Cip
.
p*v<Srti[n
i s>dB<mi>
ps>d
krvimi>
aivnir
pZYrN
p\y&(tn)
u(ctti
dSiv[l
smy
aiyi[jn
n&> ai](cRy
dSi<v[l
Kc<
aiyi[jn
n&> ai](cRy
s>b>(Ft
s>dBi[<n)
p(tsr
an[
(vgtvir
yid)
rj&
kriy[l
m&iai[n)
s&s>gtti
13
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
ps>dg)ni m*lki[
1.
smAyi s>Si[Fn
x[#in) viAt(vktin[
pkD) SkS[
2.
3.
bh&aiyim) k[ s>k&l
bn) SkS[
4.
s>Si[Fkn) sjjtimi>
vFiri[ krS[
5.
g&NiRmk p(tai[ni[
pN (v(nyi[g kr)
SkS[
6.
nvp\AYinn) s>Bivni
dSi<v[ C[
7.
14
mi#iimi>
n(hvt`
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
aiyimi[n[ ApS)< SkS[
8.
smkil)n
Xinyipiri[n[ p\yi[J
SkS[.
9.
ai>tr(vwik)y Av$p
p\yi[J SkS[
15
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
ps>dg)ni m*lki[
1. ayisni h[t&ai[
ApOT C[
2. h[t&ai[ sidi (vFin
$p[ rj* Yyi C[
3. h[t&ai[ an[ S)P<kmi>
an&b>F C[
4. h[t&ai[ an[
uRkpnimi> an&b>F
C[
5. h[t&ai[n[ aiFir[
upkrNn) ps>dg)
Yy[l C[
6. h[t&n[ aiFir[ nm&ni
ps>dg) krinir C[
16
n(h-
rN mi#iimi> vt`
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
7. h[t&n[ aiFir[
mi(ht) pZYrNn)
r)t ps>d Yy[l C[
8. ayismi> smiy[l
cli[n) ai[LK Yiy
C[.
17
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
uRkpni mipd>D
k\m
ps>dg)ni m*lki[
1. uRkpniY) smAyin&>
Av$p ApOT Yiy C[
2. uRkpniY) s>Si[Fnn)
ti(k<k j$(ryiti[ni[
yil mL[ C[
3. uRkpniY) mi(ht)
a[k#i)krNni siFni[ a>g[
(dSis*cn mL[ C[
4. uRkpniY) mi(ht)
a[k#i)krNn) p\(v(Fni[
yil mL[ C[
5. uRkpni oiri smAyimi>
smi(vOT cli[ vc[ni
s>b>Fn) aigih) Ye[ Sk[
C[
18
ap
mi#iimi>
n(hvt`
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
~[Oq
r)t[
GNi
siFi
ap
n(h
a>S[
rN
mi#ii
vt`
mi>
1. smAyini yip(vVn&>
(smi>kn Yy&> C[
2. smAyini (ndS<n&>
(smi>kn Yy&> C[
3. vh)vT) an[ yvhi@
myi<diai[n[ aiFir[
(smi>kn Yy&> C[
19
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn drKiAtni[ p(rcyiRmk (vBig:
s>Si[Fn drKiAtni[ ai (vBig t[ni nim p\miN[ s>Si[Fnni[
p(rcy mL[ t[ miT[n) (vgti[ni[ smiv[S Yiy C[.
1. S)P<k (Title)
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
smAyikYn Si miT[?
S)P<k oiri s>Si[Fnn) kiy< p\(k\yin) s>p*N< mi(ht) vickn[
mL) Skt) nY). t[Y) ji[ S)P<kn[ b[-#iN viyi[mi> sidi
Sdi[ oiri dSi<vvimi> aiv[ ti[ simiy vickn[ pN
s>Si[Fnn) (dSi an[ s>Si[Fnmi> hiY Frinir kiy<n) mi(ht)
mL) Sk[.
di.t., . . . . . . . . .
(vwiY)<n) S]x(Nk smAyiai[
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
m*L hilni si(hRymi> hi[vini[ tYi pi[tini (vPymi> vF&
s>Si[Fnn) aivykti dSi<vvini[ p\yRn kr[ C[.
s>b>(Ft si(hRyn) sm)xi Si miT[?
p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fnn) sm)xi oiri s>Si[Fk pi[tini
(vPymi> Yy[l K[DiNY) p(r(ct hi[vin) si(bt) p*r)
piD[ C[.
p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xiY) ki[e kim b[vDiy C[ k[ k[m
t[n) tpis Ye Sk[.
pi[tin) smAyini Av$p (vS[ vF& ApOTti m[LvS[.
smAyimi> k eke bibti[ni[ smiv[S krvi[ t[ ApOT YS[.
smAyin[ s>Si[Fn oiri hl krvin) j$(ryit smjiS[.
smAyin[ an&$p yi[y uRkpni t]yir Ye SkS[.
mi(ht) p\i(tni s\iti[ a>g[n) ApOTti YS[.
mi(ht) a[k#i)krNni siFni[ a>g[ (dSis*cn mLS[.
ayisn) yi[y yi[jni t]yir Ye SkS[.
4. s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i (Area of Research)
a[m. b). b&c {1987} a[ (SxNni 17 j[Tli x[#ii[ ni[>yi C[.
NCERT(2000) Fifth Survey of Research in
22
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
Education mi> 38 j[Tli s>Si[Fn x[#ii[ dSi<yi C[. j[ n)c[
m&jb C[.
1.
BiPi (SxN
2.
(SxNn&> t_vXin
3.
(SxNn&> smijSiA#i
4.
(SxNni[ e(this
5.
(SxNn&> aY<SiA#i
6.
(SxNn&> mni[(vXin
7.
min(sk AviAy
8.
min(sk p\(k\yiai[
9.
simi(jk p\(k\yiai[
10. p\[rNi
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
11. sj<niRmkti an[
ni(vy
slihdS<n
(SxN
33. pyi<vrN
24
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
5. ayisni h[t&ai[ (Objectives of the Study)
s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[ a[ smg\ s>Si[Fnni[ aRy>t mh_vni[ an[
k[Wvt)< Big C[. h[t&ai[ s>Si[Fkn[ s>Si[Fnkiy<n) (dSi s*cv[
C[.
h[t&ai[ oiri s>Si[Fnmi> . . . . . .
ke ke bibti[ni[ ayis YS[ t[n) mi(ht) mL[ C[.
ayisni m&y (vBigi[n) ApOTti mL[ C[.
ayis miT[ ps>d krvimi> aiv[l smAyin), ti(k<k
r)t[ vh[>ciy[l p[Ti smAyiai[n) mi(ht) mL[ C[.
srL BiPimi> dSi<viy[li ayisni p[Ti S)P<ki[ C[.
(Hypotheses or
Study Questions)
s>Si[Fn a[ a[k v]Xi(nk p\(k\yi C[ k[ j[ ti(k<k r)t[ aigL
vF[ C[. s>Si[Fn p\(k\yimi> S)P<k an[ h[t&ai[ n) Yyi bid
uRkpni/ p\i[ rcvimi> aiv[ C[. s>Si[Fn yi[jnimi>
uRkpniai[ / p\i[ dSi<vvi j$r) C[.
25
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn smAyini h[t&ai[ an[ S)P<k n) Yyi bid
s>SI[Fk kimcliu jvibi[ k[ uk[li[ rc[ C[, j[n[ uRkpni
tr)k[ ai[LKvimi> aiv[ C[.
uRkpni a[. . . . .
smAyini[ s*cviy[l uk[l C[.
p\ni jvib $p[ dSi<viti[ kimcliu p\Ativ C[.
s>Si[Fnni s>B(vt p(rNim s>b>F[ ti(k<k (vcirNi C[.
ki[e ci[ks s>b>F k[ tfivt S&> hS[ t[ a>g[n&> an&mi(nt
(vFin C[.
p\it p&riviai[ aiFi(rt a[v&> (vFin C[ k[ j[n[ s>Si[Fk
pi[tini ayis oiri ckis[ C[.
h[t&ai[n[ an&$p s>Si[Fnni a>t[ k[vi p(rNim p\it YS[
t[ a>g[ni ti(k<k an&mini[ C[.
7. ayisn) aY<s*ckti
(Significance of the
Study)
s>Si[Fn drKiAtmi> s>Si[Fn miT[ aivyk m&iai[n) rj*ait
siY[ ayisn) aY<s*ckti dSi<vv) K*b
26
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
j j$r) C[. ayisn) aY<s*cktia[ smAyin) a(nviy<ti
p*rvir kr[ C[. t[Y) ayisk[ pi[tini[ ayis b)jinni
ayis krti ke r)t[ j*di[ pD[ C[ t[ dSi<vv&> j$r) C[. ai m&i
a>tg<t ke ke bibti[n[ smivv) ji[ea[ t[ni upr njr
ni>K)a[.
p\At&t s>Si[Fnni p(rNimi[ ki[n[ ki[n[ upyi[g) bnS[.
p\At&t s>Si[Fnni p(rNimi[ ke r)t[ upyi[g) bnS[.
agiuni s>Si[Fni[ an[ p\At&t s>Si[Fn vc[ mi[Ti[
smygiLi[ psir Yyi[ C[, t[Y) nv) p\(v(Fai[ vD[ ai
p(rNimi[ ckisvin) j$r C[.
agiuni s>Si[Fn ayisi[ oiri p\it Xinmi> k[Tli[
giLi[ C[, an[ hiY Frit&> p\At&t s>Si[Fn ai giLi[ p*rvi
miT[ S&> fiLi[ aip) SkS[, an[ hilmi> k[Tl&> nv&> Xin
um[r) SkS[ t[ dSi<vv&> agRyn&> C[.
ay s>Si[Fn ayismi>Y) smY<n krti (vFini[ Ti>k)n[
smAyi a>g[n) mi(ht)n) uNp dSi<vv) ji[ea[.
27
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
8. ayisn) x[#i myi<diai[ (Delimitations of the
Study)
s>Si[Fk[ smy, S(t an[ Kc< myi<din[ yinmi> riK)n[
smAyin[ myi<(dt krvin) rh[ C[. s>Si[Fn a[ ghn r)t[
kiy< krvin) p\(k\yi C[ t[Y) mi[T) smAyi ps>d kr)n[ nbL&>
an[ (bnupyi[g) kiy< krvin[ bdl[ smAyin[ myi<(dt kr)n[
yi[y an[ upyi[g) kiy< krv&> vF& u(ct C[. smAyin)
x[#imyi<din[ kirN[ smAyi a>g[n) s&z vF[, yv(AYt r)t[
nini x[#i pr kim Ye Sk[ tYi u>DiN p*v<kn) mi(ht)
a[k(#it kr) t[n&> (vl[PN kr) Skiy.
s>Si[Fnmi> k eke bibti[n[ smivvin) C[, kyi kyi
cli[n[ aivr) l[vini C[ an[ kyi cli[n[ bikit riKvini C[
t[ bribr smJ l[v&> j$r) C[. smAyin[ n)c[ m&j b
myi<(dt kr) Skiy smAyin&> yip(vV an[ (ndS<n&> (smi>kn krv&>
j$r) cli[n[ (ny>(#it kr) smAyin&> (smi>kn kr)
Skiy.
28
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>b>(Ft j$r) mi(ht) an[ siFni[n) p\iyti a>g[
(smi>kn kr) Skiy.
s]i>(tk bibti[ an[ p*v<FirNiai[mi> (smi>kn kr)
Skiy.
s>Si[Fn yi[jnin&> (smi>kn kr) Skiy.
vh)vT) an[ yvhi$ myi<din[ yinmi> riK) (smi>kn
kr) Skiy.
smy myi<di an[ Kc<n[ yinmi> riK) ayisn)
x[#imyi<di nk) kr) Skiy.
29
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
{2} s>Si[Fnni[ kiy< p(t (vBig ( Method Section)
30
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
3. yi[jni bF nm*ni pF(t ( Systematic
Sampling)
4. z*mKi nm*ni p(t ( Cluster Sampling)
{b} (bn- s>Bivni aiFi(rt nm*ni p(tai[ ( NonProbability Sampling)
1. ain&P>(gk nm*ni p(t ( Incidental or
Accidental Sampling)
2. sh[t&k nm*ni p(t ( Purposive Sampling)
3. (nyt (hAsin) nm*ni p(t ( Quota Sampling)
{k} ay p(tai[ ( Other Methods of Sampling)
1. ji[Dki> nm*ni p(t ( sampling by Pairs)
2. b[vDi nm*ni p(t (Double Sampling)
3. k\mS: nm*ni p(t (sequential Sampling)
4. Ani[bi[l nm*ni p(t (Snow- Ball Sampling)
5.
bh&si[pin)
nm*ni
p(t
Multi-Stage
sampling)
31
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
10. upkrNi[(Tools)
s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[n[ aiFir[ mi(ht) p\i(t miT[ s>Si[Fk yi[y
upkrNn) ps>dg) kr[ C[. simiy r)t[ k[Tli>k p\mi(Nt
upkrNi[ j[ t[ (vAtir miT[ p\It hi[y ti[ t[ni[ upyi[g kr)
Skiy. simiy r)t[ s>Si[Fk mni[v]Xi(nk ksi[T)ai[,
s>Si[F(nki, p\iv(l, vlN mipd>D, a(Bp\iyiv(l, m&likit
p#ik vg[r[ j[vi upkrNi[ p]k) ki[e a[k aYvi vF&ni[
upyi[g s>Si[Fk pi[tini s>Si[Fnn) aivykti an&sir kr)
Sk[. s>Si[Fk kyi p\kirni upkrNi[ni[ upyi[g krS[ t[
a>g[n) (vgti[ s>Si[Fn drKiAtmi> jih[r krv) j$r) C[.
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
ke r)t[ krS[ t[n) (vgti[ (vAtirY) dSi<vv) j$r) C[.
upkrN rcnimi> t[ni[ p*v[<xN, t[n&> klm pZYrN tYi t[n)
a>(tm ajmiyS vKt[ a[k krti vFir[ (nONiti[n) mddY)
upkrN rcvin&> hi[y ti[ t[n) (vgti[ drKiAtmi> rj* krv)
ji[ea[.
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fk[ ji[ p\iyi[(gk p(tni[ upyi[g krnir hi[y ti[ ke
p\iyi[(gk p(tn) ps>dg) krnir hi[y ti[ ke p\iyi[(gk
p(tn) ps>dg) krvimi> aivS[ an[ Si miT[ t[n) (vgti[
dSi<vv) ji[ea[.
34
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
13. smy aiyi[jn ( Time Schedule)
s>Si[Fnkiy<- pC) t[ nin&> hi[y k[ mi[T&>- smymyi<diY)
b>Fiy[l hi[y C[. aiY) s>Si[Fk[ pi[tini kiY, a>g[n&>
aiiy[jn dSi<vv&> ji[ea[. ai miT[ s>Si[Fk[ p\Ym s>Si[Fnn[
tbkkivir (vBi(jt kr) ni>Kv&> ji[ea[. Ryir bid dr[k
pisin[ yv(AYt r)t[ ni[>F krv) ji[ea[. ai p\kirn) ni[>F
kyi< pC) smg\ s>Si[Fnkiy< p*N< krvimi> k&l k[Tli[ smy
ligS[ t[ni[ a>dij mLS[.
14. ai(Y<k Kc<n&> aiyi[jn(Budget)
s>Si[Fnkiy< miT[ ai(Y<k shiy m[Lvv) hi[y aYvi mi#i
ayis krvini h[t&Y) pN s>Si[Fn krvin&> hi[y Cti>
s>Si[Fn kiy< drKiAtmi> Kc<n) (vgt dSi<vv) j$r) C[.
s>Si[Fnkiy< miT[ j$r) siFni[, p&Atki[, m&sifr) Kc<,
shiyki[ni[ Kc<, ay Kc< vg[r[n[ (vgt[ ai](cRyp*N< r)t[
dSi<vv&> j$r) C[.
35
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
15. s>dB<s*(c ( Refrences)
s>Si[Fn smAyi ps>d krvimi> s>Si[Fk oiri (rsc< jn<l,
(DzT[<Sn, (Ys)s, dAtiv[ji[ vg[r[ni[ upyi[g kr[ C[ ai
upri>t p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xi a>tg<t j[- j[
si(hRyni[ ul[K Yyi[ t[ bFini[ ah)> ul[K Yvi[ j$r) C[.
ai ni[>F miT[ miy miLKin[ an&srv&> ji[ea[. (SxNni
s>Si[Fni[mi>
simiytyi
APA
(American
36
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
p\Ym kxi. ai p\kirni p\i[ Avt>#i clni g&NFmi[< jiNvi
miT[ hi[y C[. t[ a(At_v, ai[LK, aY<, vN<n, an[ kiy<
jiNvi miT[ k[ t[ni[ aiFir jiNvi miT[ rj* kr[li hi[y C[.
37
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
vg< k[ p\kir
kxi
S*y kxi ail>ki(rk
p\Ym
g&NFmi[<
1.a(At_v/an&mi[dn/
kxi
Enkir
38
2. udihrN/ ai[LK
3. t_v/ yiyi
4. lxN/ vN<n
5. kiy</ upij<n
6. ti(k<k aiFir/
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
K&lisi[
(t)y
t&lniai[
7. shgi(mti
8. siy
kxi
tZt)y
9. tfivt
ain&P>(gktiai[
10. s>b>F
11. shs>b>F
12. si[pi(Fkti
S&> 'a/b" hi[y ti[ S&> 'b"/ 'a" hi[y C[? k[ Yiy
kxi
C[?
aYvi
39
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
S&> 'a"/'b" hi[y ti[ S&> 'b"/ 'a" k[vi an[ k[v)
r)t[ hi[y?
13. (-upi(Fkti
S&> 'a/b" hi[y ti[ S&> 'b"/ 'a" hi[y an[ 'b"/
{kirNRv}
etrkxi ay
40
14. (vcir(vmS<
15. aApOT
16. aci[ks
aXit
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
rN
ap
n(h-
mi#iimi>
vt`
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
42
rN
ap
n(h-
mi#iimi>
vt`
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
p\Ativnin&> aiyi[jn ke r)t[ krSi[?
ah)> j[n) cci< krvini C)a[ t[ miLK&> Avil[s
{1984} ni s*cni[n[ aiFir[ t]yir krvimi> aiy&> C[. Avil[s[
a[k[D[(mk jn<lni ayisi[ kr)n[ t[ni tirN$p[ a[k miLKin)
BlimN kr) C[. ai miLK&> s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) p\Ativni
lKvini (nymi[ni[ s[T nY), pN ai a[k upyi[g) mig<d(S<ki
C[.
43
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
pg(Yy>&-2 s>Si[Fn smAyin[ yiyi(yt kri[
S*yivkiS dSi<v)n[
aYvi
p\ uqiv)n[
aYvi
p*v[<ni Si[F oiri dSi<viy[l mig<r[Kin[ stt riKv)
aYvi
simi[ divi[ { AYpiy[l aYvi Av)kiriy[l bibt
siY[ as>mtpN&>}
44
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
x[#i
si] p\Ym tm[ j[ x[#imi> s>Si[Fn krvini Ci[ t[ s>Si[Fn x[#in[
AYi(pt kri[ an[ s>Si[Fn smAyini[ s>dB< aipi[. ai (vBign[
#iN GTki[ C[:
smAyi
tmi$> s>Si[Fn am&k r)t[ nv&> hi[v&> j ji[ea[. t[ni oiri ps>d
kriy[l s>Si[Fn x[#imi> k>e>k nv&> Xin um[riv&> ji[ea[. tmir[
dSi<vv&> ji[ea[ k[ tmi$> kiy< ke r)t[ s>Si[Fn x[#ini
45
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
vNK[Diy[li p[Tix[#i/ m&i / p\ n[ ApS< krS[. aYvi tmiri
x[#imi> K[DiN Yy&> hi[y ti[ tm[ ke (v(SOT r)t[ s>Si[Fn hiY
Frvini Ci[? T*>kmi>, tmir[ tmiri kiy< miT[ tk< dSi<vvini[ C[ {
Si miT[ tm[ s>Si[Fn hiY Frvini C[?}. tm[ tmiri x[#imi> nv&>
Xin um[rvini Ci[ t[ dSi<vvi miT[ni cir migi[< C[.
j[ni upr tm[ s>Si[Fn hiY Fr)n[ S*yivkiS Br) Ski[ a[m
Ci[}.
46
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
p*v[<ni Si[F oiri dSi<viy[l mig<r[Kin[ stt riKv)
(Continuing a Previous line of Inquiry). j[ni
upr s>Si[Fn krvimi> aiv) c*y&> C[, pr>t&> nvi[ nm*ni[, nvi[
(vAtir, vFirini GTki[ vg[r[n[ len[ s>Si[Fn hiY Fr) Skiy.
aim p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) mig<d(S<kin[ aiFir[ smAyi ApOT
kr) Skiy.
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
u[yi[n) $pr[Ki/h[t&ai[n) gi[qvN) (Outlining
Purpose). GN)vir s>Si[Fki[ pi[tini s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[
p\Ativnimi> dSi<vti hi[y C[. aim krvini[ t[mni[[ h[t& vickn[
s>p*N< kiy< a>g[ yil aipvini[ C[. simiy r)t[ ah)> simiy
h[t&n[ a[k viymi> dSi<vvimi> aiv[ C[ an[ Ryir bid (v(SOT
h[t&ai[n[ k\mS: dSi<vvimi> aiv[ C[.
p\At&t
s>Si[Fnn)
Announcing
jih[rit
Present
p(tSiA#i}
Research).
pi[tini
{ p(tSiA#i
48
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
aipvimi> aiv[ C[ j[Y) vickn[ S&> hiY Frinir C[ t[n) T*>kmi>
pN ApOT smj mL) rh[.
49
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
g&jrit) (vPymi> (jsi ayyn yi[jnin) asrkirkti
Effectiveness of Jigsaw Learning Design in the
Subject of Gujarati
mig<dS<k
Di.jgd)p si[nvN[
ayisk
jin) jpi a[c.
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
(SxNp\y&(tai[n&> m&y y[y C[. (vwiY)<ai[mi> shkirn) Bivni K)l[
an[ t[ai[ pi[tin) r)t[ ayyn krti Yiy t[ K*b j mh_vn&> C[ {
g)l)s,2006}. ai (OTa[ shkir) ayyn a[ K*b j mh_vn&>
bn) rh[ C[ { (f>kl an[ (vs,1996}.
an[
(mtiys,1997;
ji[nsn,
ji[nsn
an[
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
simi(jk mni[v]Xi(nk a[yiT a[ri[nsn {1971} a[ kr) ht). ai
yi[jni a>tg<t (vwiY)<ai[n[ nini-nini j*Ymi> vh[>cvimi> aiv[ C[.
ai (vwiY)<ai[n[ (n(t (vPyvAt&n) fiLvN) krvimi> aiv) hi[y C[,
j[ni m&iai[n[ t[ai[ a>dri[a>dr S)K[ an[ S)Kv[ C[. (jsi p\y&(tn[
aiFi(rt an[k s>Si[Fni[ Yyi> C[{ mil&f, 1986; (pTrsn an[
j[fr), 2004}. ai s>Si[Fni[a[ (jsi p\y&(tn[ vFir[ asrkirk
dSi<v) C[. pr>t& Birtmi> (jsi ayyn p\y&(t aiFi(rt
s>Si[Fni[n&> p\miN n(hvt` C[. { sv[< ai[f (rsc< en a[jy&k[Sn, a[n.
s). e. air. T) tYi (v(vF s>Si[Fni[ni sim(yki[ni aiFir[} vL),
g&jrit) (vPymi> (jsi p\y&(t upr kyi>y pN s>Si[Fn Yyin&>
s>Si[Fkn) jiNmi> nY). t[Y) Fi[rN nvmi> g&jrit) (vPyn[ k[Wmi>
riK)n[ (jsi ayyn yi[jnin) rcni kr) t[n) asrkirkti
ckisvini[ p\yis hiY FriS[.
ayisni h[t&ai[
1. Fi[rN nvni g&jrit) (vPymi> (jsi ayyn yi[jnin)
rcni krv).
52
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
2. g\iy (vAtirn) SiLini Fi[rN nvni (vwiY)<ai[ pr (jsi
ayyn yi[jnin) asrkirkti tpisv).
3. Sh[r) (vAtirn) SiLini Fi[rN nvni (vwiY)<ai[ pr (jsi
ayyn yi[jnin) asrkirkti tpisv).
ayisn) uRkpniai[
p\At&t ayis miT[ si] p\Ym s>Si[Fn uRkpnin) rcni krvimi>
aivS[ an[ Ryir bid t[n[ S*y uRkpnimi> f[rvvimi> aivS[.
1. g\iy (vAtirn) SiLini p\iyi[(gk j*Y an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni
(vwiY)<ai[ni u_irksi[T)ni p\iti>ki[n) srisr)ai[ vc[ siY<k
tfivt ji[vi mLS[ nh)>>.
2. Sh[r) (vAtirn) SiLini p\iyi[(gk j*Y an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni
(vwiY)<ai[ni u_irksi[T)ni p\iti>ki[n) srisr)ai[ vc[ siY<k
tfivt ji[vi mLS[ nh)>>.
ayisni cli[
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
2. prt>#i cl. p\At&t ayismi> (vwiY)<ai[n) (s( aYi<t` u_ir
ksi[T)ni p\iti>ki[ prt>#i cl C[.
54
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
ayisn&> mh_v
p\At&t ayis p*N< Yti g&jrit) (vPymi> (jsi ayyn
yi[jni p\it YS[.
(jsi ayyn yi[jni a[ shkir aiFi(rt ayyn yi[jni
C[[ j[mi> vg<K>D a>tg<t j nini nini ayis j*Yi[ bn[ C[.
D[lir (rpi[T< pN shkir aiFi(rt (SxNn) BlimN kr[ C[
{mh[ti, 2000}. ai m&jbn) yi[jni ayynmi> upyi[g)
bn) Sk[.
55
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
(jsi ayyn yi[jnin) g&jrit) (vPymi> asrkirkti
jiNvi mLS[.
ni[l[j ki[si[T)<ym ai[f g&jrit (KCG) pN (SxNmi>
sk\)y ayipn p\y&(tai[n) BlimN kr[ C[.
56
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
(ny>(#it j*Y. p\At&t ayismi> b[ j*Y p]k)ni j[ j*Yn[
pr>prigt ayyn yi[jni oiri ayyn krivvimi> aivS[, t[ j*Y
a[Tl[ (ny>(#it j*Y.
ayisn&> yip(vV
Bivngr (jlin) g&jrit) miymn) SiLini Fi[rN nvni g&jrit)
(vPyni (vwiY)<ai[ p\At&t ayis miT[n&> yip(vV hS[.
nm*ni ps>dg)
p\At&t ayis miT[ni[ p\yi[g g\iy an[ Sh[r) a[m b>n[ (vAtiri[mi>
hiY Frinir hi[e, b>n[ (vAtiri[mi>Y) a[k - a[k SiLin) ps>dg)
sh[t&k r)t[ krvimi> aivS[ an[ a[k vg<n) ps>dg) yC r)t[
krvimi> aivS[. Ryir bid p\Ry[k SiLimi>Y) uc, mym an[ (nna[m #iN Atri[ piD) t[mi>Y) 64 (vwiY)<ai[n[ t[mni g&jrit) (vPyni
agiun) pr)xini g&Nn[ aiFir[ ps>d krvimi> aivS[.
upkrN
p\At&t ayismi> s>Si[Fk oiri Fi[rN-9 ni g&jrit) (vPyni
'smis an[ t[ni p\kiri[ an[ 's>Xi an[ (vS[PN" a[kmi[n[ k[Wmi>
57
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
riK)n[ (jsi ayyn yi[jnin) rcni kriS[. ai upri>t a[k
ksi[T)n) rcni kriS[ j[ni[ upyi[g b>n[ (vAtiri[ni p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[
an[ (ny>(#it j*Yi[mi> u_ir ksi[T) tr)k[ krvimi> aivS[.
p\yi[g yi[jni
si] p\Ym Ijsi ayyn yi[[jnini m*L p\yi[g an&sir
p*v<p\yi[g krvimi> aivS[. Ijsi ayyn yi[[jnin) asrkirkti
tpisvi miT[ mi#i u_irksi[T) smkxj*Y yi[jni
{ b[AT an[
58
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
smy
p\iyi[(gk j*Y
(ny>(#it j*Y
aiyi[jn
140
(m(nT
{cir
tis}
pir>p(rk
(jsi ayyn
ayyn
yi[jni oiri
yi[jni oiri
ayyn
ayyn
uRkpni-
30
(m(nT
u_ir ksi[T)
u_ir ksi[T)
an[ 2
mi(ht) (vl[PN
p\At&t s>Si[Fnn) uRkpniai[n[ aiFir[ p\iyi[(gk j*Y an[
(ny>(#it j*Yni u_ir ksi[T)ni p\iti>ki[n) t&lni krvimi> aivS[. b>n[
j*Yi[ pr ksi[T)ai[n&> s>ciln kyi< bid m[Lv[li p\iti>ki[n&> (vl[PN
kr) srisr) an[ p\miN (vcln m[Lvvimi> aivS[. ksi[T)ni sr[riS
59
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
p\iti>ki[ni tfivtn) t g&Ni[_ir oiri ckisN) kr) uRkpni
tpisvimi> aivS[. ai miT[ jiN)ti ky*Tr p\i[g\im SPSS ni[
upyi[g krvimi> aivS[.
smy p#ik
1. p\Ym s#i:
2. (ot)y s#i:
a>diJ Kc<
k\m (vgt
1. mi(ht) a[k#i)krN
Kc< $(pyimi>
600/-
1800/-
500/-
4. ay Kc<
500/-
k&l Kc<
60
3400/-
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>dB<s*(c
mh[ti, D). p). {2000}. (SxN: (Btrni[ Kjini[. y&(nv(s<T) g\>Y
(nmi<N bi[D<, amdivid. g&jrit rijy
Aronson, E and P. Shelley (1997). The jigsaw
Classroom: Building Cooperation in the
classroom . 2nd ed. New york: Longman.
Balfakih. N. M. A.(2003). The Efectiveness of
Student team- achievement division(STAD) for
teaching high school chemestry in the United
Arab
Emirates,
International
Journal
of
writing
and
comprehension.
J.
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
Computer Science Course. SIGCSE Bulletin,
Special Issue, 55-566.
Gillies, R. M.(2006). Teachers and students verbal
behaviors during cooperative and small group
learning. British J. Edu. Psychology., 76: 271287.
Johnson, D. W. and Johnson, F.P. (1994). Joining
Together and Alone (4th edition), Allyn and
Bacon
Johnson, D. W. , Johnson, R. T. and Smith, K. A.
(1998). Cooperative learning returns to college
what evidence is there that it works? 30, 26-35
Jordan, D. and Le Metaias, J. (1997). Social
skilling
through
cooperative
learning
Educational Research39,3-21
Maloof , J. and
K. B. V. White(2005). Team
College
Biology
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
during cooperative learning and large group
instruction. J. Edu. Res., 97: 123-128.
Prichard, J. S., L. A.Bizo and R. J. Stratford
(2006). The educational impact of item skill
training: preparing student to work in groups.
British J. Edu. Psychology., 76:
119-140.
63
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
Bivngr (jlimi> vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin n) p\vZ(_iai[ an[ t[n)
asrkirkti
Activities and Effectiveness of Vanche Gujarat
Abhiyan in Bhavnagar District
mig<dS<k
ayisk
Di.jgd)p si[nvN[
v[gD s&r[S
s>Si[Fn rj*ait
s>Si[Fn rj*ait ti.
64
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
B*(mki
vicn an[ vicn (SxN a>g[ (vd[Si[mi> an[k s>Si[Fni[ Yyi>
C[ { (p\ciD< an[ kiT<rieT,2004; hi[Dg[s,2010; hi[l an[ miys<,
1998, v[ATb\*k, 2007}. vicnni p[Ti x[#ii[mi> pN an[k s>Si[Fni[
Yyi C[ j[mk[, biLki[ni vicn a>g[ ki[s an[ hi[l{1997},
k[Dil{2008} oiri s>Si[Fn hiY Frvimi> aiyi hti. (kSi[ri[ni
vicn a>g[ mi[s{2000} an[ hi[pr{2005} oiri tYi vil)ai[
an[ (Sxki[ni vicn a>g[ l[n[{1997}, Y\i[p an[ H&g[s{2000}
tYi S[fi[D< an[ ay {2009} oiri s>Si[Fni[ hiY Friyi hti. ai
upri>t, vicn zDp a>g[ (vD)S {1998}, vicn vlN a>g[
D[(vs{1998}, vicn ki]Sy a>g[ D)n an[ hi[ul{1997} oiri
s>Si[Fni[ hiY Frvimi> aiyi hti. ai upri>t vicnni v]y(tk
tfivti[ a>g[ vrmiuY {2004} an[ j*Y vicn a>g[ (k>g {2001}
an[ (v(lys {2008} oiri s>Si[Fni[ hiY Friyi hti.
vicn a>g[ni p*v[< Yy[l kiyi[<n) Si[F krti s>Si[Fkn[ jiNvi
my& ht&> k[ (vd[Si[mi> vicn miT[n) alg y&(nv(s<T) hi[y C[ j[ni
oiri (v(vFkiy<k\mi[ hiY Friy C[ {(rD)>g m[n[jm[T p\i[g\im, 2009}.
ai upri>t (v(vF d[Si[n) srkir oiri vicn a>g[ni (rpi[T< pN t]yir
krvimi> aiv[ C[ {ri[z (rpi[T<, e>gl[D,2007}.
65
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[ni ayis krti jNiy&> k[ vicnni (v(vF
x[#ii[mi> ayisi[ Yyi C[, pr>t&> ki[e pN a[v&> vicn a(Byin
s>Si[Fkn) jiNmi> nY) aiy&> j[ ki[e srkir oiri hiY Frvimi> aiy&>
hi[y. g&jrit riyn) srkir oiri g&jritn) s&vN< jy>t)ni vP<m i>
g&jritn) p\jimi> vicnn) a(B@(c k[Lvvi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin
clivvimi> aiv) rH&> C[. ai a(Byinn) p\vZ(_iai[ an[ t[n)
asrkirkti a>g[ni[ ayis kiy<k\m miT[ vF& upyi[g) bn) Sk[ ai
h[t&n[ yinmi> len[ s>Si[Fk[ Bivngr (jlimi> vi>c[ g&jrit
a(Byin a>tg<t Yt) p\vZ(_iai[ an[ t[n) asrkirkti a>g[ s>Si[Fn
hiY Frvin&> nkk) ky>.&<
h[t&ai[
1. vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin ni h[t&ai[n) mi(ht) m[Lvv).
2. vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin n) p\vZ(_iai[n) mi(ht) m[Lvv).
3. Bivngr (jlimi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t hiY
Friy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) mi(ht) m[Lvv).
4. Bivngr (jlimi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t hiY
Friy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) asrkirktin) mi(ht) m[Lvv).
66
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
p\ni[
1. vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin ni h[t&ai[ kyi kyi hS[?
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
x[#i myi<di
p\At&t ayismi> vi>c[ g&jrit ayisn) p\vZ(_iai[ jiNvi
miT[ (n(t kr[l y(tai[, S]x(Nk an[ smijs[v)
s>AYiai[ni[ j smiv[S kriS[.
p\At&t ayisk\mn) asrkirkti jiNvi miT[ a(Byinni
p\Ym aiq misni smygiLini[ j smiv[S krvimi> aivS[.
ayisn&> mh_v
Birt d[Sn) riy srkir oiri nig(rki[ni vicn miT[ni
si] p\Ym a(Byin a[vi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byinni h[t&ai[n)
mi(ht) mLS[.
vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t hiY Frinir p\vZ(_iai[n)
(vgt jiNvi mLS[, j[Y) keke p\vZ(_iai[ hiY Frv)
ji[ea[ t[ a>g[n) ApOTti p\Ry[k vickn[ YS[.
Bivngr (jlimi> Yt) vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>t<gt
Yt) p\vZ(_iai[n) mi(ht) mLS[. j[Y) (jlimi> hiY Friy[l
p\vZ(_iai[ an[ hiY Frvin) bik) rh[t) p\vZ(_iai[ a>g[n&>
(c#i ApOT YS[.
Bivngr (jlimi> Yt) vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>t<gt
Yy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) asrkirkti jiNvi mLS[. j[Y) (jlimi>
68
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
hiY Friy[l p\vZ(_iai[ an[ t[n) asrkirktin[ aiFir[ ay
(jliai[n[ mig<dS<n aip) SkiS[.
Bivngr (jlimi> Yt) vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>t<gt
Yy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) asrkirkti jiNvi a>g[n&> (m~ p(t
s>Si[Fn (Mixed Method Research) p\kirn&> ai si]
p\Ym s>Si[Fn hS[.
Sdn) yvhi@ yiyi
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
vt<minp#ii[ tYi (nr)xNni[ upyi[g kr)n[ mi(ht) a[k(#it krvimi>
aivS[. b)ji tbkimi> p\Ym tbkimi> mL[l mi(ht)ni aiFir[
t[mi>Y) sh[t&k r)t[ nm*ni[ ps>d kr) (nr)xN an[ m*likit oiri
mi(ht) a[k(#it krvimi> aivS[.
mi(ht) (vl[PN
mi(ht) (vl[PN miT[ (m~ p(t s>Si[Fn (Mixed
Method Research) miT[n) k\[sv[l an[ klik< {2007} ni
s*cni[n[ aiFir[ ki[(D>g kr)n[ mi(ht)n&> aY<FTn kriS[. ai ayismi>
mi(ht)ni (vl[PN k[ pZYkrNn) r)t (m~ p(t s>Si[Fn
(Mixed Method Research) n[ an&srt) hS[.
smy p#ik
1. p\Ym s#i:
2. (ot)y s#i:
70
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
a>diJ Kc<
k\m (vgt
1. mi(ht) a[k#i)krN
Kc< $(pyimi>
600/-
1800/-
500/-
4. ay Kc<
1000/-
k&l Kc<
3900/-
71
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn p\Ativ
(SS&(vhir s>AYi: AYipni, (vkis an[ p\din
ayisk
mig<dS<k
s>Si[Fn rj*ait
s>Si[Fn rj*ait ti.
72
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
B*(mki
(SxNn) p\(k\yin[ a(Klieni s>dB<mi> jiNvi miT[ (vwiY)<ai[,
(Sxki[ an[ vg<K>D vitivrNni[ ayis upri>t S]x(Nk s>AYini[
ayis krvi[ a(nviy< C[. S]x(Nk s>AYini u>DiNp*v<k krvimi>
aivti s>Si[Fni[ni[ smiv[S y(t ayis a>tg<t Yiy C[.
y(t ayis a[ g&NiRmk (vl[PNn&> a[v&> Av$p C[ k[ j[mi>
ki[e a[k y(t, p(r(AYt), GTni, s>AYi, (vcirFiri k[ simi(jk
j*Yn) u>DiNp*v<k an[ s>p*N< tpis krvimi> aiv[ C[. s>Si[Fn h[qLni
a[kmni dr[k[ dr[k pisini[ z)NvTByi[< ayis kr)n[ t[n&> (vgtp*N<
vN<n an[ pZYrN krvimi> aiv[ C[, j[ni prY) aY<GTni[ an[
simiy)krNi[ tirvvimi> aiv[ C[ { b[AT an[ kih`n, 2009}.
m*LB&t r)t[ y(t ayisni[ upyi[g tb)b) (vXinmi> Yiy
C[. j[mi> dd)<ni p\vt<min lxNi[n) tpis krvimi> aiv[ C[, siY[ siY[
t[n) Sir)(rk (AYt), t(byt an[ B*tkiLn[ lgt) ay bibti[n)
pN tpis kriy C[ {uciT,2009}. ai m&jb j s>AYini[ ud`Bv
t[ni[ B*tkiL, vt<min (AYt) an[ B(vOyni aiyi[jni[ tYi s>AYini
simi(jk p\dinni[ ayis hiY Frvimi> aiv[ C[.
s>Si[Fn x[#i[ S]x(Nk s>AYiai[ni y(t ayis K*b j ap
p\miNmi> Yyi C[. j[m k[ Bivngr y&(nv(s<T)n) yid) an& sir
(SxNSiA#i Bvnmi> Yy[li 678 lG&Si[[F (nb>Fmi>Y) mi#i cir
73
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
y(t ayis C[, j[ p]k)ni #iN ayisi[ S]x(Nk s>AYi upr hiY
Friyi C[. yir[ g&jrit y&(nv(s<T)ni (SxNSiA#i Bvnmi> vP<
1999-2006 dryin Yy[li k&l 197 lG&Si[F (nb>Fi[ p]k) mi#i
cir j y(t ayis Yyi hti {j&ai[ pT[l,2008} an[ si]riOT^
y&(nv(s<T)ni (SxNSiA#i Bvnmi> vP< 1978-2000 dryin Yy[l
k&l 516 lG&Si[F (nb>Fi[ p]k) s>AYiai[ni y(t ayis mi#i pi>c
j hti { j&ai[ uciT, 2006}. aim, s>Si[Fni[ni ay p\kiri[n)
t&lni y(t ayisi[ K*b j ap p\miNmi> Yyi C[.
vP< 2002mi> Bivngr (AYt (SS&(vhir s>AYi Kit[ni p\vis[
mn[ s>AYi p\Ry[ (vS[P aik(P<t kyi[< hti[. ai s>AYi upr ai p*v[< ki[e
s>Si[Fnkiy< hiY Frvimi> aiy&> nY)
{ni.mi.B, y(tgt
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
4. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) g\>Yilyn) s&(vFini[ ayis krvi[.
5. (SS&(vhir s>AYi oiri p\ki(St p\kiSnni[ ayis krvi[.
6. (SS&(vhir s>AYini ai(Y<k pisini[ ayis krvi[.
7. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) (v(SOT p\vZ(_iai[ni[ ayis krvi[.
8. (SS&(vhir s>AYini simi(jk p\dinni[ ayis krvi[.
ayisni p\i[
1. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) AYipni piCL kyi u[yi[ hti?
2. (SS&(vhir s>AYi Bi](tk s&(vFini[ k[v) C[?
3. (SS&(vhir s>AYini s>cilk m>DLni[ (OTki[N k[vi[ C[?
4. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) g\>Yilyn) s&(vFi k[vi p\kirn) C[?
5. (SS&(vhir s>AYi oiri k[vi an[ k[Tli p\kiSni[ p\ki(St
krvimi> aiv[ C[?
6. (SS&(vhir s>AYini ai(Y<k pis&> k[v&> hS[?
7. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) simi(jk p\vZ(_iai[ni[ ke ke hS[?
8. (SS&(vhir s>AYin&> simi(jk p\din k[v&> hS[?
ayisn) x[#i-myi<di
p\At&t ayismi> p\iY(mk s>dB< s\i[tni[ upyi[g kriS[. pr>t&>
yi> p\iY(mk s\i[ti[ ap\iy hi[y Ryi> gi]N s>dB< s\i[tni[ upyi[g
krvimi> aivS[. s>Si[Fn p\i[ni s>dB<mi> s>AYin&> m*yi>kn YS[.
75
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
m*yi>knni ai (sviyni p\i[ pN hi[e Sk[, pr>t&> t[n[ ai s>Si[Fnmi>
smiviS[ nh) >.
ayisn&> mh_v
(SS&(vhir s>AYini p\At&t ayisY) t[ni lyi>ki[, kiy<p\Nil),
s>AYin&> simi(jk p\din, s>AYin) (v(SOT p\vZ(_iai[ j[v) bibti[n&>
s>kln YS[. s>AYin) ai(Y<k bibti[, Bi](tk (vkis tYi p\vZ(_iai[
a>g[ni tirNi[ p\it YS[.
(SxNmi> s>AYini[ fiLi[ an[ t[n) p\(tOqi s>b>(Ft jiNkir)
p\it YS[. s>Si[Fnni p(rNimi[ s>AYin) s&FirNimi> upyi[g) bn)
Sk[.
S]x(Nk s>AYiai[ miT[ni g&NiRmk ayis ai[Ci Yyi C[,
Ryir[ p\At&t s>Si[FnY) a[k upyi[g) s>Si[Fnni[ um[ri[ YS[.
Sdn) yvhi@ yiyi
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
(vkis. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) ai(Y<k, Bi](tk an[ simi(jk
p\(tOqin) (OTa[ (vkisyi#ii.
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
j&d) y(tai[n) m*likit krS[. avli[kn oiri s>AYini (v(vF
pisiai[ni[ ayis krS[. avli[kn p#iki[ an[ m&likitn) ni[>F t]yir
krS[. s>AYin) p\vZ(_iai[n) simi(jk asr tpisvi m&likit an[
m&t jvib) p\ivl) vD[ nm*nipi#ii[ pis[Y) mi(ht) a[k#i)t krS[.
ai upri>t s>AYini dAtiv[ji[, s>AYin&> p\kiSn vg[r[ oiri pN mi(ht)
a[k#i krvimi> aivS[.
mi(ht)n&> (vl[PN
j&di-j&di s>dB<AYini[[ oiri a[k#i kr[l) mi(ht)n&> (vPyvAt&
(vl[PNn) p(t oiri pZYkrN krvimi> aivS[. uplF
s>dB<AYini[ni (vPyvAt&mi> ki[(D>g krn[ (vPyni m&iai[ yi[y ti(k<k
k\mmi> gi[qv)n[ (vl)OT aY<GTn krvimi> aivS[. ai ayismi>
mi(ht)n&> pZYkrN an[ (vl[PNn) r)t g&NiRmk s>Si[Fnni
a(Bgmn[ an&srt) hS[.
smy p#ik
1. p\Ym s#i:
2. (ot)y s#i:
78
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
a>diJ Kc<
k\m
(vgt
Kc<
{$(pyimi>}
600/-
2,000/-
500/-
4. ay Kc<
1,000/-
k&l Kc<
4,100/s>dB<s*(c
79
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
ji[P), b). a[c., an[ yis j[. J. {2006} S]x(Nk s>Si[Fni[n&>
80