Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria tiine Juridice, Nr.

2/2011

PROTECIA DREPTURILOR

PROTECTION OF THE BASIC RIGHTS

FUNDAMENTALE N UNIUNEA

IN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE

EUROPEAN N LUMINA

LIGHT OF THE LISBON TREATY

TRATATULUI DE LA LISABONA

Asist.univ. Ana Daniela BOBARU

Universitatea Constantin Brncui din Trgu
Jiu
Abstract: Protecia juridic a drepturilor
omului n Uniunea European a reprezentat i
reprezint n continuare un domeniu prioritar pentru
statele membre, dar i pentru Uniune n ansamblu,
fapt ce a condus la codificarea drepturilor i
libertilor, dnd astfel natere la documentul de o
mare nsemntate pentru cetenii europeni - Carta
drepturilor fundamentale ale Uniunii Europene.
Tratatul de la Lisabona aduce cu sine
elemente de noutate n acest domeniu, respectiv
dobndirea forei juridice a Cartei Drepturilor
Fundamentale ale Uniunii Europene i relaia Uniunii
Europene fa de Convenia European a Drepturilor
Omului i Libertilor Fundamentale.
Cuvinte cheie: Curtea de Justiie a Uniunii
Europene, drepturi fundamentale, Tratatul de la
Lisabona, Carta drepturilor fundamentale a Uniunii
Europene.

Unul dintre principiile consacrate de

jurisprudena Curii de Justiie a Uniunii
Europene
este
principiul
respectrii
1
drepturilor omului.
Regimul juridic al drepturilor omului
reprezint ansamblul dispoziiilor de drept
pozitiv internaional i european care i
permit individului s se bucure de drepturile
i libertile sale. Acest regim corespunde
unei anumite forme de organizare, valabil n
funcie de drepturile n cauz i de
circumstane.2
La nceput, Curtea de Justiie a
Uniunii Europene a artat c respect
drepturile fundamentale i c asigur
aprarea acestor drepturi deoarece acestea

University Assistant Ana Daniela BOBARU

Constantin Brncui University of Trgu Jiu
Abstract: The juridical protection of the
human rights in the European Union has represented
a prior field for the member states, but also for the
Union in its ensemble, fact that has led to the coding
of the rights and liberties, giving birth thus to the
document that is very important for the European
citizens the Charter of the basic rights of the
European Union.
The Lisbon Treaty brings new elements in
this field, respectively gaining the juridical force of
the Charter of the Basic Rights of the European Union
and the relation of the European Union with the
European Convention of the Human Rights and Basic
Liberties.
Key words: the Justice Court of the
European Union, basic rights, Lisbon Treaty, the
Charter of the basic rights of the European Union.

One of the principles consecrated by

the jurisprudence of the Justice Court of the
European Union is the principle of respecting
the human rights.24
The juridical system of human rights
represents the group of the stipulations of
international and European positive law that
allow the individual to enjoy his rights and
liberties. This system corresponds to a
certain type of organization that is valid
according to the respective rights and
circumstances.25
At the beginning, the Justice Court of
the European Union has shown that it
respected the basic rights and it provided the
protection of these rights as they are
acknowledged and guaranteed by the
constitutions of the member states and they
belong to the general law principles.

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sunt recunoscute i garantate de ctre

constituiile statelor membre i fac parte din
principiile generale de drept. Ulterior, a
nceput s se raporteze i la alte instrumente
de protecie a acestora, cu precdere la
CEDO.3
Tratatul de la Lisabona aduce cu sine
elemente de noutate n acest domeniu,
respectiv dobndirea forei juridice a Cartei
Drepturilor
Fundamentale
a
Uniunii
Europene i relaia Uniunii Europene fa de
Convenia European a Drepturilor Omului
i Libertilor Fundamentale.
n ceea ce privete prima noutate,
trebuie precizat c, n primii ani de activitate,
Curtea de Justiie a refuzat s examineze
validitatea unor acte cu privire la drepturi
fundamentale protejate de Constituia
Republicii Federale Germania, cum i se
ceruse de ctre petiionari (n anii 1959 i
1960).
Cu timpul, s-a modificat felul de a
aborda problemele drepturilor fundamentale
plecnd de la considerentul c, referirea la
astfel de drepturi protejate de o constituie
naional ar prezenta pericole de dezagregare
pentru ordinea juridic a Uniunii Europene
aflat nc n formare. Dimpotriv,
elaborarea unui sistem de protecie a
drepturilor fundamentale la nivelul Uniunii
ar aprea ca un factor integrator i ca un
element de legitimare a unor noi instituii.
Este i motivul pentru care Curtea de Justiie
a decis c "respectarea drepturilor
fundamentale face parte integrant din
principiile generale ale dreptului cruia
Curtea i asigur respectarea" i c "protecia
acestor drepturi, inspirndu-se n ntregime
din tradiiile constituionale comune ale
statelor membre trebuie asigurat n cadrul
structurii
i
obiectivelor
4
Comunitii/Uniunii".
La 5 aprilie 1977 Parlamentul
European, Consiliul i Comisia au adoptat o
declaraie comun cu privire la drepturile
fundamentale5 n care se sublinia importana
pe care Comunitatea o acord respectrii
drepturilor omului aa cum acestea reies din

Subsequently, it has started to report to other

tools of protecting them, especially at
ECHR.26
The Lisbon Treaty brings new
elements in this field, respectively gaining
the juridical force of the Charter of the Basic
Rights of Rights of the European Union and
the relation of the European Union with the
European Convention of the Human Basic
Rights and Liberties.
Regarding the first new thing, we
should specify that, in its first years of
activity, the Justice Court refused to examine
the validity of certain documents regarding
the basic rights protected by the Constitution
of the Federal Republic of Germany, as it
had been required by the petitioners (in 1959
and 1960).
Across the time, it was changed the
way of approaching the problems of the
basic rights starting from the reason that the
reference to such rights protected by a
national
constitution
would
present
disaggregation dangers for the juridical order
of the European Union that is still being
formed. On the contrary, the elaboration of a
protection system of the basic rights at the
Union level would appear as an integrator
factor and as an element of legitimizing new
institutions. It is also the reason why the
Justice Court has decided that respecting the
basic rights is an integrant part of the general
principles of the law for which the Court
provides the respect" and that "the protection
of these rights, being entirely inspired from
the common constitutional traditions of the
member states should be provided in frame
of the structure and of the objectives of the
Community/Union".27
On April 5th, 1977 the European
Parliament, Council and Commission
adopted a common declaration regarding the
basic rights28 where it was spotlighted the
importance the Community grants to
respecting the human rights as they result
from the constitutions of the member
states,29 and also from the European
Convention of the Human Basic Rights and

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constituiile statelor membre,6 precum i din

Convenia European a Drepturilor Omului
i Libertilor Fundamentale. Instituiile
Comunitilor s-au angajat n exercitarea
atribuiilor lor s le respecte.
Un progres a fost marcat prin
semnarea Actului Unic care a permis
ncorporarea drepturilor fundamentale n
sistemul comunitar. Pentru prima oar ntrun tratat comunitar n preambulul actului s-a
fcut referire la protecia lor. Prile
contractante s-au declarat decise "s
promoveze mpreun democraia, bazndu-se
pe drepturile fundamentale recunoscute n
constituiile i legile statelor membre, n
Convenia European i n Carta Social
European."
La 12 aprilie 1989 Parlamentul
European a adoptat un alt act: Declaraia
Drepturilor i Libertilor Fundamentale.7
Declaraia urma s devin instrumentul de
referin n materie pentru ntreaga
Comunitate i ndeosebi pentru Curtea de
Justiie, declaraie codificat dup modelul
instituit de Convenia European a
Drepturilor Omului.
Propunerea unui Catalog de drepturi
fundamentale a aprut abia n concluziile
Consiliului European din 15-16 decembrie
1995, ca un punct aparte pe ordinea de zi a
Conferinei Interguvernamentale din 1996.
La reuniunea Consiliului European de
la Kln desfurat la 4 iunie 1999, s-a decis,
la propunerea guvernului federal german
crearea unui organism special cu misiunea
elaborrii unei Carte a drepturilor
fundamentale ale Uniunii Europene. Dup un
proces destul de rapid de elaborare,
Convenia pentru drepturile fundamentale a
prezentat la 2 octombrie 2000 proiectul
Cartei, iar la 7 decembrie 2000, Carta a fost
semnat la Nisa, n edin solemn de ctre
reprezentanii
celor
trei
organe
constituionale
europene:
Preedintele
Parlamentului
European,
Preedintele
Comisiei
Europene
i
Preedintele
Consiliului de minitri.8
Adoptarea Cartei a ncercat s

Liberties. The Community institutions

committed in exerting their attributions and
the respect for them.
A progress has been marked by
signing the Unique Document allowing the
incorporation of the basic rights in the
community system. For the first time in a
community treaty, the document preamble
referred to their protection. The contracting
parties declared to be decided to promote
democracy together, based on the basic
rights acknowledged in the constitutions and
laws of the member states, in the European
Convention and in the European Social
Charter."
On April 12th, the European
Parliament adopted another document:
Declaration of the Basic Rights and
Liberties.30 The Declaration was to become
the reference tool in matter for the entire
Community and especially for the Justice
Court, a declaration coded according to the
model instituted by the European Convention
of the Human Rights.
The suggestion of a Catalogue of
basic rights appeared only in the conclusions
of the European Council of December 15th16th, 1995, as a special point on the agenda
of the Intergovernmental Conference in
1996.
At the reunion of the European
Council in Kln developed on June 4th, 1999,
they decided, at the suggestion of the
German federal government to create a
special organism for elaborating a Charter f
the basic rights of the European Union. After
a quite quick process of elaboration, the
Convention for the basic rights presented the
project of the Charter on October 2nd, 2000,
and on December 7th, 2000, the Charter was
signed in Nice, in a solemn meeting by the
representatives of the three European
constitutional organs: the President of the
European Parliament, the President of the
European Commission and the President of
the Minister Council.31
The adoption of the Charter has tried
to answer to the critiques brought to the way

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rspund criticilor aduse modului n care

sunt protejate drepturile fundamentale la
nivel comunitar, situaie creat de refuzul
instanei de la Luxembourg de a recunoate
competena Comunitii de a adera la
C.E.D.O., precum i criticilor legate de
caracterul limitat i depit al acesteia.9
Astfel, ca proclamaie a instituiilor
Uniunii Europene, Carta Drepturilor
Fundamentale ale Uniunii nu a avut de la
nceput for juridic obligatorie. Decizia
pronunat n legtur cu statutul su juridic
a fost amnat de ctre Consiliul European
de la Laeken din 2001, pentru Convenia
asupra Viitorului Europei, care avea s aib
loc n 2004 i unde trebuia s se discute i
eventuala aderare la C.E.D.O. Drept urmare,
Carta a fost inclus, cu cteva modificri n
Tratatul de instituire a unei Constituii pentru
Europa, urmnd n acest fel s capete for
juridic odat cu intrarea n vigoare a acestui
Tratat. Dei lipsit de for juridic, Carta ia fcut deja simit prezena, fiind amintit
att n declaraiile instituiilor politice, ct i
n sfera judiciar.10
Avocaii generali au fcut trimitere la
prevederile sale, ca argumente n plus n
susinerea opiniilor lor, att n favoarea
recunoaterii unui drept la nivelul Uniunii,
ct i n scopul excluderii unui asemenea
drept. De asemenea, att Tribunalul, ct i
Curtea de Justiie au recurs la prevederile
Cartei n argumentele lor.11
Odat cu intrarea n vigoare a
Tratatului de Reform de la Lisabona, la 1
decembrie
2009
Carta
Drepturilor
fundamentale
ale
Uniunii
Europene
dobndete aceeai valoare juridic cu cea a
tratatelor.12 Din acest moment ea intr n
blocul de constituionalitate al Uniunii
Europene asupra cruia Curtea de Justiie se
poate pronuna.
Textul
Cartei
drepturilor
fundamentale
ale
Uniunii
Europene
reprezint un tur de for, care a constat n
formularea de o manier relativ mai clar a
unui numr de principii incluse pn n
momentul adoptrii ei n tratatele institutive,

they protect the basic rights at the

community level, a situation created by the
refuse of the Luxembourg Court to
acknowledge the Community competence to
access E.C.H.R., and also to the critiques
related to its limited and crossed feature.32
Thus, as a proclamation of the
European Union, the Charter of the Union
Basic Rights had no compulsory juridical
force from the beginning. The pronounced
decision referring to its juridical status was
postponed by the European Council in
Laeken in 2001, for the Convention on
Europes Future that was to have place in
2004 and where they were to talk and the
eventual accession to E.C.H.R.. As a
consequence, the Charter was included, with
a few changes, in the Treaty of instituting a
Constitution for Europe, and thus it was
going to get juridical force at the same time
with the validation of this Treaty. Even if it
has no juridical force, the Charter made us
feel its presence, being mentioned both in the
declarations of the political institutions and
in the judicial sphere.33
The general attorneys referred to its
stipulations, as additional arguments for
supporting their opinions, both in favour of
acknowledging a right at the Union level and
in order to exclude such a right. Also, both
the Court and the Justice Court have
appealed to the stipulations of the Charter in
their arguments.34
At the same time with the validation
of the Lisbon Reform Treaty, on December
1st, 2009 the Charter of the Basic Rights of
the European Union gains the same juridical
value as the value o fthe treaties.35 Starting
from this moment, it enters the
constitutionality block of the European
Union on which the Justice Court may
pronounce.
The text of the Charter of the basic
rights of the European Union represents a
stunt consisting of the relatively clearer
wording of a number of principles included,
until the moment of adopting it in the
institutive treaties, in directives or other

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n directive sau alte reglementri din cadrul

Uniunii, precum i n numeroase decizii ale
Curii de Justiie.
Fa de textul Cartei din 2000,
prezenta Cart este anexat Tratatului de la
Lisabona i este sistematizat pe titluri,
astfel : Titlul I: Demnitatea, Titlui II:
Libertile, Titlul III: Egalitatea, Titlui IV :
Solidaritatea,
Titlui
V:
Drepturile
cetenilor, Titlul VI: Justiia, Titlul VII:
Dispoziii generale care reglementeaz
interpretarea i aplicarea cartei.
Un alt element de noutate este
reflectat n art. 51 alin. 2, care stipuleaz c:
Carta nu extinde domeniul de aplicare a
dreptului Uniunii n afara competenelor
Uniunii, dar nici nu creeaz vreo competen
sau sarcin nou pentru Uniune i nu
modific competenele i sarcinile stabilite
de tratate.
Carta drepturilor fundamentale ale
Uniunii Europene confirm drepturile
fundamentale garantate prin Convenia
European pentru aprarea drepturilor
omului i a libertilor fundamentale i astfel
cum
rezult
acestea
din
tradiiile
constituionale comune statelor membre. n
acest sens art. 52 alin. 4-7 dispune :
Alin.4 n msura n care prezenta
Cart recunoate drepturile fundamentale,
aa cum rezult acestea din tradiiile
constituionale comune statelor membre,
aceste drepturi sunt interpretate n
conformitate cu tradiiile menionate.
Alin.5 Dispoziiile prezentei Carte
care conin principii pot fi puse n aplicare
prin acte legislative i de punere n aplicare
adoptate de instituii, organele, oficiile i
ageniile Uniunii, precum i prin acte ale
statelor membre n cazurile n care acestea
pun n aplicare dreptul Uniunii, n
exercitarea competenelor lor respective.
Invocarea lor n faa instanei judectoreti
se admite numai n scopul interpretrii i
controlului legalitii unor astfel de acte.
Alin.6 Legislaiile i practicile
naionale trebuie s fie luate n considerare
pe deplin, dup cum se precizeaz n

regulations in frame of the Union, and also in

numerous decisions of the Justice Court.
In relation to the text of the Charter in
2000, the current Charter is annexed to the
Lisbon Treaty and it is systemized on titles,
thus: Title I: Dignity, Title II: Liberties, Title
III: Equality, Title IV: Solidarity, Title V:
The Citizens Rights, Title VI: Justice, Title
VII: General Stipulations regulating the
Interpretation and the Application of the
Charter.
Another new element is reflected in
art. 51, paragraph 2 stipulating that: the
Charter does not extends the application field
of the Union law beside the Union
competences, but it creates no new
competence or task for the Union and it does
not change the competences and the tasks
established by the treaties.
The Charter of the basic rights of the
European Union confirms the basic rights
guaranteed by the European Convention for
protecting the human basic rights and
liberties as they result from the constitutional
traditions common to the member states. In
this sense art. 52 paragraph 4-7 stipulates:
Paragraph 4 As long as the present
Charter acknowledges the basic rights, as
they result from the constitutional traditions
common to the member states, these rights
are interpreted according to the mentioned
traditions.
Paragraph 5 The stipulations of the
present Charter, containing principles, may
be applied by legislative documents and
application documents adopted by the
institutions, organs, offices and agencies of
the Union, and also by documents of the
member states if they apply the Union law, in
exerting their respective competences. Their
invocation in front of the judicial court is
admitted only in order to interpret and
control the legality of such documents.
Paragraph
6
The
national
legislations and practices should be fully
considered, as it is specified in the current
Charter.
Paragraph 7. The judicial courts of

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prezenta Cart.
Alin.7. Instanele judectoreti ale
Uniunii i ale statelor membre in seama de
explicaiile redactate n vederea orientrii
nterpretrii prezentei Carte.
n cazul invocrii prevederilor Cartei
mpotriva statelor membre, trebuie precizat
c, acestea pot fi ndreptate doar mpotriva
acelor acte adoptate n aplicarea dreptului
Uniunii Europene, dac acestea ncalc
drepturile fundamentale ale ceteanului (de
exemplu n transpunerea prevederilor unei
directive). Drept urmare, Carta drepturilor
fundamentale nu poate fi invocat n cazul
unor dispute bazate pe dreptul intern al unui
stat membru, chiar dac acesta ncalc
drepturile ceteanului.
Tratatul de la Lisabona aduce n
discuie o chestiune nou, anume aderarea
Uniunii la CEDO.13 n acest sens, Acordul
privind aderarea Uniunii la Convenia
european14 trebuie s reflecte necesitatea de
a conserva caracteristicile specifice ale
Uniunii i ale dreptului Uniunii Europene, n
special n ceea ce privete :
a)
modalitile
speciale
ale
participrii eventuale a Uniunii Europene la
autoritile de control ale Conveniei;
b) mecanismele necesare pentru a
garanta c aciunile formulate de statele
nemembre i aciunile individuale sunt
ndreptate n mod corect mpotriva statelor
membre i/sau, dup caz, mpotriva
Uniunii.15
Trebuie s precizm c, aceast Cart
nu este opozabil Regatului Unit al Marii
Britanii i Poloniei, care beneficiaz de o
derogare potrivit creia Carta nu extinde
capacitatea Curii de Justiie i a nici unei
alte instane din cele dou state membre de a
considera c actele cu putere de lege i actele
administrative, practicile sau aciunile
administrative sunt incompatibile cu
drepturile sau cu principiile fundamentale pe
care aceasta le reafirm. Mai mult, efii de
state i de guvern au convenit s extind n
viitor aceast derogare la Republica Ceh.
Opinm c se impun cteva precizri

the Union and of the member states consider

the explanations published in order to direct
the interpretation of the present Charter.
In case of invoking the Charter
stipulations against the member states, we
should specify that they may be only directed
against those documents adopted in the
application of the European Union law, if
they disrespect the citizens basic rights (for
example, in transposing the stipulations of a
directive). As a consequence, the Charter of
the basic rights cannot be invoked in case of
some disputes based on the intern law of a
member state, even if it disrespects the
citizens rights.
The Lisbon Treaty brings a new
problem, namely the Unions access to
ECHR.36 In this sense, the Agreement
regarding the Unions access to the European
Convention37 should reflect the necessity to
conserve the features specific to the Union
and to the European Union law, especially
regarding:
a) the special ways of the eventual
participation of the European Union to the
Convention control authorities;
b) the mechanisms necessary for
guaranteeing that the actions formulated by
the non-member states and the individual
actions are correctly directed against the
member state and/or, depending on the case,
against the Union.38
We should specify that this Charter is
not opposable to the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and to Poland that benefit from
a derogation according to which the Charter
does not extend the ability of the Justice
Court or of any other court of the two
member states to consider that the legislative
and
administrative
documents,
the
administrative practices or actions are
incompatible with the basic rights or
principle that it reaffirms. Moreover, the
state and government leaders have agreed to
extend in the future this derogation to the
Czech Republic.
We think that some specifications are
imposed regarding adopting this new

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n privina adoptrii acestui nou document i

n acest sens afirmm faptul c:
a) Carta drepturilor fundamentale a
Uniunii Europene nsumeaz n cadrul unui
singur document, pentru prima dat n istoria
Europei, ntreaga arie a drepturilor i anume
drepturile civile, politice, economice i
sociale;
b) Carta reprezint o aplicare n
practic a angajamentelor asumate de statele
membre n materia drepturilor omului,
acestea fiind pregtite nc din etapele
premergtoare adoptrii Cartei;
c) Carta dezvolt dreptul de cetenie
european i pune n prim plan ceteanul
european, acordndui-se o mai mare grij
fa de problemele sale, mai mult nu face
diferenieri ntre ceteani i strini, fcnd
referire la persoanele care se gsesc n mod
legal pe teritoriul Uniunii Europene.
Trebuie s menionm c, n ceea ce
privete competena de judecat n materia
drepturilor omului, n practic s-au creat
confuzii i din acest punct de vedere
considerm necesare urmtoarele precizri:
a) Curtea de Justiie a Drepturilor
Omului este instan independent creat de
Consiliul Europei n baza Conveniei
Europene a Drepturilor Omului i
Libertilor Fundamentale, semnat la Roma
la 4 noiembrie 1950 i intrat n vigoare n
septembrie 1953, cu sediul la Strasbourg,
este instana celor 47 de state semnatare ale
Conveniei, n timp ce Curtea de Justiie a
Uniunii Europene este instana tuturor
statelor membre ale Uniunii Europene (27);
b) Procedurile aplicabile sunt diferite,
n sensul c pentru a sesiza Curtea de la
Strasbourg sunt necesare a fi ndeplinite
cumulativ urmtoarele condiii: epuizarea
tuturor cilor de aciune la nivel naional,
trecerea unui termen de 6 luni de la
rmnerea definitiv i irevocabil a hotrrii
pronunate de instana suprem naional, n
timp ce pentru a sesiza Curtea de Justiie a
Uniunii Europene nu sunt necesare aceste
condiii, aceasta poate fi sesizat n orice
moment, fie dup obinerea unei hotrri

document and in this sense we affirm the fact

that:
a) the Charter of the basic rights of
the European Union collects in frame of only
one document, for the first time in the
European history, the entire area of the
rights, namely the civil, political and social
rights;
b) the Charter represents a practical
application of the commitments assumed by
the member states in the matter of the human
rights, these being prepared since the
precursory steps of adopting the Charter;
c) the Charter develops the right to
European citizenship and settles that the
European citizen is the most important one,
taking care of his problems, and moreover it
makes no differentiations between citizens
and foreigners, referring to the persons that
are legally found on the European Unions
territory.
We should mention that, regarding
the judicial competence in matter of the
human rights, in practice, there were
confusions and from this viewpoint we
consider the following specifications as
being necessary:
a) the Justice Court of the Human
Rights is an independent court created by the
European Council based on the European
Convention of the Human Basic Rights and
Liberties, signed in Rome on November 4th,
1950 and validated in September 1953,
having the headquarters in Strasbourg, it is
the court of the 47 signing states of the
Convention, while the Justice Court of the
European Union is the court of all the
member states of the European Union (27);
b) The applicable procedures are
different, namely in order to announce the
Court of Strasbourg, we need to accomplish
cumulatively the following conditions:
exhausting all the action ways at the national
level, expecting for a 6 months term since
the permanent and irrevocable remaining of
the decision pronounced by the national
supreme court, while, for announcing the
Justice Court of the European Union, these

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judectoreti naionale, fie n timpul

procesului aflat pe rolul instanei de judecat
naional;
c) Hotrrile pronunate de Curtea de
Justiie de la Luxembourg sunt mai repede
puse n aplicare dect cele ale Curii de la
Strasbourg, aadar i produc mult mai
repede efectele juridice ;
d) Pentru statele membre ale Uniunii
Europene, Curtea de la Strasbourg poate fi
sesizat dup pronunarea unei hotrri a
Curii de Justiie de la Luxembourg, ceea ce
face ca prima s fie asimilat cu instanele
de ultim grad de jurisdicie.
Aadar, din noile reglementri aduse
de Tratatul de la Lisabona se constat c nu
se extinde competena Curii de Justiie a
Uniunii Europene n materii care sunt de
competena exclusiv a Curii de la
Strasbourg i ca atare, n limitele
competenelor sale Curtea de la Luxembourg
va putea aciona numai n calitate de instan
de control al respectrii drepturilor
fundamentale n situaiile n care este
sesizat printr-o aciune ce are ca obiect
anularea unui act al instituiilor Uniunii
Europene.16
Conchidem
aceste
precizri
specificnd c, n momentul de fa, din
punct de vedere jurisdicional nu se pune
problema unei justiii paralele n materia
drepturilor omului n spaiul european.17
Consiliul nu a reglementat nc
problema aderrii Uniunii Europene la
Convenie, drept pentru care se impune, n
primul rnd, aprobarea mririi numrului
membrilor Consiliului i, n al doilea rnd
modificarea Conveniei i completarea cu
norme care s reglementeze aceast
problematic, astfel nct s clarifice
chestiunea proteciei drepturilor omului pe
termen lung.18
n acest sens, Comisia a propus n
data de 17 martie 2010 directive de
negociere pentru aderarea Uniunii Europene
la Convenia European a Drepturilor
Omului i Libertilor Fundamentale.
Tratatul de la Lisabona prevede temeiul

conditions are not necessary, it may be

announced anytime, either after obtaining a
national judicial decision, or during the
process placed on the role of the national
judicial court;
c) The decisions pronounced by the
Justice Court of Luxembourg are faster
applied than the ones of the Strasbourg
Court, so they produce much faster their
juridical effects;
d) For the member states of the
European Union, the Strasbourg Court may
be announced after pronouncing a decision
of the Justice Court of Luxembourg, fact that
makes the first one to be assimilated to the
courts having the last degree of jurisdiction.
Therefore, from the new regulations
brought by the Lisbon Treaty, it is found that
it is not extended the competence of the
Justice Court of the European Union in
matters that belong to the exclusive
competence of the Strasbourg Court so that,
in the limits of its competences, the
Luxembourg Court will be able to act only as
a control court for respecting the basic rights
when it is announced by an action having as
an object the annulment of a document of the
institutions of the European Union.39
We conclude these specifications by
mentioning that currently, from the
jurisdictional viewpoint, it is not about a
parallel justice in the matter of the human
rights in the European space.40
The council has not regulated yet the
problem of the European Unions access to
the Convention, a law imposing first the
approval of increasing the number of the
Council members and, second of all,
changing the Convention and completing
with norms that should regulate these
problems, so that they could clarify the
problem of protecting the human rights on a
long term.41
In this sense, the Commission
suggested on March 17th, 2010 negotiation
directives for the European Unions access to
the European Convention of the Human
Basic Rights and Liberties. The Lisbon

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juridic pentru ca Uniunea European s adere

la CEDO, cel mai important instrument de
protecie a drepturilor omului i a libertilor
fundamentale ale Uniunii Europene.
Pentru
preedintele
Comisiei
Europene, Jose Manuel Barroso aderarea
Uniunii Europene la CEDO trebuie realizat
printr-un sistem coerent de protecie a
drepturilor fundamentale n Europa, Acesta
va crete n special nivelul de protecie
stabilit prin Tratatul semnat la Lisabona, de
Carta drepturilor fundamentale ale Uniunii
Europene, care sunt obligatorii.
Aderarea la CEDO va introduce
protecie extern jurisdicional a drepturilor
fundamentale n Uniunea European.
Aceasta va face Curtea European a
Drepturilor Omului de la Strasbourg
competent de a revizui actele instituiilor,
organismelor i ageniilor Uniunii Europene,
inclusiv hotrrile Curii de Justiie a Uniunii
Europene pentru a asigura conformitatea cu
CEDO. Va oferi, de asemenea o cale nou de
atac pentru persoanele care pot acum, dup
ce au epuizat toate cile de atac interne, la
Curtea de la Strasbourg.19
Mai mult dect att, aceast aderare
contribuie la:
a) crearea unei culturi comune n ceea
ce privete drepturile fundamentale n
Uniunea European;
b)
consolidarea
credibilitii
sistemului de protecie a drepturilor omului
n Uniunea European i n politica sa
extern;
c) arat c Uniunea sprijin sistemul
su de greutate de protecie a drepturilor
fundamentale stabilite de ctre instituii la
Strasbourg;
d) asigurarea dezvoltrii armonioase
a jurisprudenei Curii de Justiie a Uniunii
Europene i Curtea European a Drepturilor
Omului.20
Din perspectiva aderrii Uniunii la
CEDO, opinia juristului Marcela Coma se
ndreapt ctre evoluia situaiei economice,
sociale i politice, i n acest sens aceasta
apreciaz c vor ctiga adepii aderrii

Treaty stipulates the juridical reason for the

European Union to access ECHR, the most
important protecting tool of the human basic
rights and liberties of the European Union.
For the president of the European
Commission, Jose Manuel Barroso, the
European Unions access to ECHR should be
accomplished by a coherent protecting
system of the basic rights in Europe. This
will increase especially the protection level
settled by the Treaty signed in Lisbon, by the
Charter of the compulsory basic rights of the
European Union.
The access to ECHR will introduce
the jurisdictional extern protection of the
basic rights in the European Union. This will
make the Strasbourg European Court of
Human Rights able to review the documents
of the European Unions institutions,
organisms and agencies, inclusively the
decisions of the Justice Court of the
European Union for providing the
conformity with ECHR. It will also offer a
new attack way for the persons that are able
to now, after exhausting all the intern attack
ways, at Strasbourg Court.42
Moreover, this access contributes to:
a) creating a common culture
regarding the basic rights in the European
Union;
b) reinforcing the credibility of the
protection system of the human rights in the
European Union and in its extern policy;
c) showing that the Union supports
its weight system of protecting the basic
rights established by the institutions in
Strasbourg;
d)
providing
the
harmonious
development of the jurisprudence of the
Justice Court of the European Union and of
the Union Court of the Human Rights.43
From the perspective of the Unions
access to ECHR, the jurist Marcela Comas
opinion is directed towards the evolution of
the economical, social and political situation
and in this sense it appreciates that the adepts
of the unconditioned access to ECHR will
win or, on the contrary, due to the current

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necondiionate la CEDO, sau dimpotriv,

datorit crizei economice actuale, va fi
dificil punerea n practic a aderrii.
n opinia distinsei autoare, n plin
expansiune economic era firesc s
predomine i n Uniune componenta social
i s se pun accent pe respectarea
drepturilor i libertilor fundamentale
individuale ale omului, acum prioritile s-au
schimbat i exist riscul ca n considerarea
aspectelor economice i politice s se susin
necesitatea ngrdirii unor drepturi sau cel
puin limitarea exercitrii lor (pe anumite
perioade de timp sau pentru anumite
teritorii), iar din acest punct de vedere,
completeaz acelai autor este posibil ca
multe
din
drepturile
fundamentale
recunoscute s fie vidate de substana lor i
practic s rmn fr coninut.21
Opinia menionat nu o mprtim,
considernd c, indiferent de situaia
economic sau social a Uniunii Europene,
drepturile i libertile fundamentale trebuie
respectate cu precdere i n acest context
statele membre trebuie s aib n vedere la
stabilirea strategiilor de relansare economic
protecia cetenilor si.
n acest sens opinm c, procedura
privind aderarea Uniunii la CEDO, se
desfoar greoi, impunndu-se accelerarea
acesteia, dar, n acelai timp, bine gndit,
pentru clarificarea ct mai rapid a acestei
situaii juridice privind protecia drepturilor
omului n Uniunea European.22 Este firesc
ca aderarea s se fac dup ce intr n
vigoare modificrile ce se impun n cadrul
textului CEDO.
n concluzie precizm c, principiile
consacrate i dezvoltate de Curtea de Justiie
a Uniunii Europene au creat premisele
instituirii unei ordini juridice specifice
Uniunii Europene23, diferit de cea
internaional, dar i de cele ale statelor
membre ale Uniunii.

economical crisis, it will be difficult to apply

the accession.
In the fine authors opinion, in a full
economical expansion, it was natural for the
Union to predominate the social component
and to emphasize the respect of the human
basic individual rights and liberties, now the
priorities have changed and there is the risk
to support, in the consideration of the
economical and political aspects, the
necessity to border certain rights or at least
the limitation of their exertion (on certain
lapses of time or for certain territories), and
from this viewpoint, the same author
completes that it is possible for many of the
basic rights to be emptied by their substance
and to remain practically with no content.44
We do not share the mentioned
opinion, considering that, no matter the
European Unions economical or social
situation, the basic rights and liberties should
be particularly respected and in this context
the member states should consider the
protection of its citizens when settling the
strategies of economical re-launch.
In this sense, we think that the
procedure regarding the Unions access to
ECHR develops hard, imposing its
acceleration, but at the same time, it is well
thought, for the clarification as fast as
possible of the juridical situation regarding
the protection of the human right in the
European Union.45 It is natural for the access
to be made after validating the changes
imposed in frame of the ECHR frame.
In conclusion, we specify that the
principles consecrated and developed by the
Justice Court of the European Union have
created the premises of instituting a juridical
order specific to the European Union46,
different from the international one, but also
from the ones of the Unions member states.
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Step in the Institutional Reform of the
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Bibliografie:

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sau etap n reforma instituional a Uniunii

Europene?, n Revista romn de drept
comunitar nr.1/2008;
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cadrul Uniunii Europene, n Revista romn
de drept comunitar nr.1/2009;
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aplicabile
drepturilor,
libertilor
i
ndatoririlor fundamentale, n Revista Studia
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din Trgu Jiu ;
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textului Tratatului de la Lisabona ratificat de
Romnia, n Revista romn de drept
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5. T. Savu, Obiectivele i competenele
Uniunii Europene consacrate de Tratatul de
la Lisabona, n Revista romn de drept
comunitar nr.1/2008 ;
6. M. Coma, Scurte consideraii referitoare
la raporturile viitoare ntre Curtea European
a Drepturilor Omului i Curtea European de
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8. E. Dragomir, D. Ni, Tratatul de la
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droits
fondamentaux, RTD eur 41 (2), 2002;
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14. F. Sudre, Drept european i internaional 2006;

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15. www.fenetreeurope.com
16. www.curia.eu
1

n statele membre ale Uniunii Europene exist o dubl protecie a drepturilor omului. Prima protecie se
realizeaz la nivel naional i este asigurat de ctre Curtea Constituional, instana suprem i celelelte instane
judectoreti, iar cea de a doua se realizeaz la nivel european prin Curtea European a Drepturilor Omului i
Curtea de Justiie a Uniunii Europene. Trebuie s precizm c, protecia drepturilor omului se realizeaz n
primul rnd la nivel naional, statele convenind s creeze i unele sisteme de protecie internaional, asumndui n acest fel fa de comunitatea internaional rspunderea pentru respectarea drepturilor i libertilor
fundamentale ale omului;
2
F. Sudre, Drept european i internaional al drepturilor omului, Editura Polirom, Iai, 2006, p.151;
3
I. Diaconu, Protecia drepturilor omului n cadrul Uniunii Europene, n Revista romn de drept comunitar
nr.1/2009, p.56-57;
4
J. Rideau, Trait tablissant une Constitution pour lEurope, partie II, p.489, sursa www.google.ro, data
accesrii 12.04.2010;
5
Jurnalul Oficial al Comunitilor Europene, 1977, C.103, p. 1., sursa www.curia.eu, data accesrii 1.04.2010;
6
A.D. Bobaru, Principiile constituionale aplicabile drepturilor, libertilor i ndatoririlor fundamentale, n
Revista Studia Lex nr.1/2009, Editura Academica Brncui din Trgu Jiu, p.162-166;
7
Jurnalul Oficial al Comunitilor Europene, 1989, C. 120, p. 51, sursa www.curia.eu, data accesrii 1.04.2010;
8
G. Issac, M. Blanquet, Droit gnral de lUnion europene, 9 edition, Editure Sirey, 2006, p.258;
9
V. Vese, A.L. Ivan, Istoria integrrii europene, Editura Presa Universitar Clujean, Cluj, 2001, p. 225 ;
10
G. Braibant, La Charte des droits fondamentaux de lUnion europene, Editions de Seuil, Paris, 2001, p.83 ;
11
E. Bribosia, Les droits fondamentaux dans la Constitution de lUnion europene, n Volumul Commentaire de
la Constitution de lUnion europene, Editions de lUniversit de Bruxelles, 2005, p.115 ;
12
Tratatul de la Lisabona reprezint o etap major n evoluia proteciei drepturilor fundamentale n Europa.
Carta drepturilor fundamentale a Uniunii Europene beneficiaz acum de statutul de act obligatoriu din punct de
vedere juridic, astfel nct Curtea de Justiie i instanele naionale dispun de un text care are vocaia de a
constitui fundamental principal pentru a-i duce la ndeplinire sarcina de a asigura respectarea drepturilor
fundamentale n interpretarea i aplicarea dreptului Uniunii, din Document de reflecie al Curii de Justiie a
Uniunii Europene cu privire la anumite aspecte ale aderrii Uniunii Europene la Convenia european pentru
aprarea drepturilor omului i a libertilor fundamentale, sursa www.curia.eu, data accesrii 02.09.2010;
13
I. Jinga, Tratatul de la Lisabona, soluie sau etap n reforma instituional a Uniunii Europene?, n Revista
romn de drept comunitar nr.1/2008, p.15;
14
I.M. Anghel, Scurte consideraiuni asupra textului Tratatului de la Lisabona ratificat de Romnia, n Revista
romn de drept comunitar nr.3/2008, p.60;
15
Protocolul nr.8 cu privire la art.6 alin.2 din Tratatul privind Uniunea European referitor la aderarea Uniunii
Europene la Convenia European pentru aprarea drepturilor omului i a libertilor fundamentale, art.1, E.
Dragomir, D. Ni, op.cit., p.345;
16
T. Savu, Obiectivele i competenele Uniunii Europene consacrate de Tratatul de la Lisabona, n Revista
romn de drept comunitar nr.1/2008, p.47-49 ;
17
Potrivit art.6 din Tratatul privind Uniunea European, Uniunea European dispune de trei izvoare juridice
privind protecia drepturilor omului: Carta drepturilor fundamentale a Uniunii Europene, CEDO, precum i
normele constituionale comune ale statelor membre;
18
Creterea numrului membrilor Consiliului a fost fcut prin Tratatul de Reform de la Lisabona, odat cu
intrarea sa n vigoare la 1 decembrie 2009. n dreptul european, acest Tratat i n special art.6 alin.2 constituie
temeiul juridic pentru aderarea la Convenie. Uniunea ar trebui s devin al 48-lea membru contractant la
Convenie, fr a deveni un membru al Consiliului Europei. Toate cele 47 de membrii actuali ai Consiliului
Europei, inclusiv toate statele membre ale UE au ratificat Convenia, care a stabilit Curtea de la Strasbourg
responsabil pentru asigurarea respectrii de ctre statele membre a principiilor privind drepturile omului;
19
L.S. Rossi, Constitutionnalisation de lUnion europene et des droits fondamentaux, RTD eur 41 (2), 2002, p.
47;
20
Aderarea Uniunii Europene la CEDO, sursa www.fenetreeurope.com., data accesrii 1.05.2010;
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21

M. Coma, Scurte consideraii referitoare la raporturile viitoare ntre Curtea European a Drepturilor Omului
i Curtea European de Justiie, n Revista Dreptul nr.11/2009, p.197;
22
n perspectiva aderrii Uniunii la Convenie, aceast caracteristic specific a sistemului jurisdicional al
Uniunii trebuie s fie analizat n contextul principiilor care reglementeaz funcionarea mecanismelor de control
prevzute de Convenie, n principal principiul subsidiaritii. Potrivit acestui principiu, statele membre care au
ratificat Convenia au obligaia de a garanta respectarea la nivel naional a drepturilor consacrate prin aceasta, iar
Curtea European a Drepturilor Omului are sarcina de a verifica dac aceste state i-au respectat efectiv
angajamentele. Prin urmare, sarcina de a preveni, de a examina i de a sanciona nclcrile Conveniei incumb
n primul rnd acestor state. n temeiul acestui principiu al subsidiaritii i n vederea garantrii punerii lui n
aplicare n cadrul pregtirii aderrii, Uniunea este chemat s verifice dac, n domeniul su de aciune
susceptibil s fac obiectul unei cereri n faa Curii Europene a Drepturilor Omului, controlul extern efectuat de
organele Conveniei poate fi precedat de un control intern efectiv de ctre instanele statelor membre i/sau de
ctre instanele Uniunii, din Document de reflecie al Curii de Justiie a Uniunii Europene cu privire la anumite
aspecte ale aderrii Uniunii Europene la Convenia european pentru aprarea drepturilor omului i a libertilor
fundamentale, sursa www.curia.eu, data accesrii 02.09.2010;
23
Ordinea juridic a Uniunii se ntemeiaz pe acceptarea transferrii de ctre state a unor competene ctre
instituiile Uniunii, competene care sunt exercitate n comun de ctre statele membre ale Uniunii Europene. Pe
de alt parte, n cadrul acestei ordini juridice se menin importante elemente de suveranitate care determin
pstrarea unor competene deloc neglijabile de ctre statele ce fac parte din Uniunea European. Acestea dau
expresie dreptului fiecruia din popoarele respective de a-i pstra identitatea structurilor naionale de guvernare,
de a decide n mod liber asupra problemelor care le intereseaz, n consonan cu obiectivele Comunitii
stabilite prin instrumentele comunitare de baz, C. Clinoiu, V. Duculescu, Drept constituional european,
Editura Lumina Lex, Bucureti, 2008, p.171;
24
In the member states of the European Union, there is a double protection of the human rights. The first
protection is accomplished at the national level and it is provided by the Constitutional Court, the supreme court
and the other judicial courts, and the second one is accomplished at the European level by the European Court of
the Human Rights and the Justice Court of the European Union. We should specify that the protection of the
human rights is first accomplished at the national level, the states agreeing to create some systems of
international protection, assuming thus their responsibility, in front of the international community, for
respecting the human basic rights and liberties;
25
F. Sudre, European and International Law of Human Rights, Polirom Press, Iai, 2006, p.151;
26
I. Diaconu, Protection of the Human Rights in Frame of the European Union, in Romanian Magazine of
Community Law no. 1/2009, p.56-57;
27
J. Rideau, Trait tablissant une Constitution pour lEurope, partie II, p.489, source www.google.ro, access
date 12.04.2010;
28
Official Journal of the European Communities, 1977, C.103, p. 1., source www.curia.eu, access date
1.04.2010;
29
A.D. Bobaru, Constitutional Principles Applicable to the Basic Rights, Liberties and Duties, in Studia Lex
Magazine no. 1/2009, Academica Brncui Press of Trgu Jiu, p.162-166;
30
The Official Journal of the European Communities, 1989, C. 120, p. 51, source www.curia.eu, access date
1.04.2010;
31
G. Issac, M. Blanquet, Droit gnral de lUnion europene, 9 edition, Editure Sirey, 2006, p.258;
32
V. Vese, A.L. Ivan, European Integration History, Presa Universitar Clujean Press, Cluj, 2001, p. 225 ;
33
G. Braibant, La Charte des droits fondamentaux de lUnion europene, Editions de Seuil, Paris, 2001, p.83 ;
34
E. Bribosia, Les droits fondamentaux dans la Constitution de lUnion europene, n Volumul Commentaire de
la Constitution de lUnion europene, Editions de lUniversit de Bruxelles, 2005, p.115 ;
35
The Lisbon Treaty represents a major step in the evolution of the protection of the basic rights in Europe. The
Charter of the basic rights of the European Union benefits now from the status of judicially compulsory
document, so that the Justice Court and the national courts have access to a text skilled to constitute the main
foundation for accomplishing its task to respect the basic rights in interpreting and applying the Union law, from
the Reflection Document of the Justice Court of the European Union regarding certain aspects of accessing the
European Union to the European Convention for protecting the human rights and the basic liberties, source
www.curia.eu, access date 02.09.2010;
36
I. Jinga, The Lisbon Treaty, Solution or Step in the Institutional Reform of the European Union?, in Romanian
Magazine of Community Law no. 1/2008, p.15;

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37

I.M. Anghel, Short Considerations on the Text of the Lisbon Treaty Ratified by Romania, in Romanian
Magazine of Community Law no. 3/2008, p.60;
38
Protocol no.8 regarding art.6, paragraph 2 of the Treaty regarding the European Union referring to the
European Unions access to the European Convention for Protecting the Human Basic Rights and Liberties,
art.1, E. Dragomir, D. Ni, op.cit., p.345;
39
T. Savu, The European Unions Objectives and Competences Consecrated by the Lisbon Treaty, in Romanian
Magazine of Community Law no. 1/2008, p.47-49 ;
40
According to art.6 of the Treaty regarding the European Union, the European Union has three juridical sources
regarding the protection of the human rights: the Charter of the basic rights of the European Union, ECHR, and
also the common constitutional norms of the member states;
41
The increase of the number of the Council members has been made by the Lisbon Reform Treaty, at the same
time with its validation on December 1st, 2009. In the European law, this Treaty and especially art.6 paragraph 2
constitute the juridical reason for accessing the Convention. The Union should become the 48th contracting
member of the Convention, without becoming a member of the European Council. All the 47 current members of
the European Council, inclusively all the EU member states ratified the Convention that settled the Strasbourg
Court responsible for providing the respect of the member states for the principles regarding the human rights;
42
L.S. Rossi, Constitutionnalisation de lUnion europene et des droits fondamentaux, RTD eur 41 (2), 2002, p.
47;
43
The European Unions access to ECHR, source www.fenetreeurope.com., access date 1.05.2010;
44
M. Coma, Short Considerations Referring to the Future Reports between the European Court of the Human
Rights and the European Justice Court, in Law Magazine no. 11/2009, p.197;
45
In the perspective of the Unions access to the Convention, this feature specific to the Unions jurisdictional
system should be analysed in the context of the principles regulating the functioning of the control mechanisms
stipulated by the Convention, mainly the subsidiarity principle. According to this principle, the member states
that have ratified the Convention are obliged to guarantee the national respect of the consecrated rights by it, and
the European Court of the Human Rights has the task to check if these states actually respected their
commitments. Therefore, the task to prevent, examine and sanction the Conventions disrespects devolves first to
these states. Based on this subsidiarity principle and in order to guarantee its application in frame of the access
preparation, the Union is called to check if, in its action field susceptible to make the object of a demand in from
of the European Court of the Human Rights, the extern control accomplished by the Conventions organs may be
preceded by an intern actual control by the courts of the member states and/or by the Unions court, from the
Reflection Document of the Justice Court of the European Union regarding certain aspects of the European
Unions access to the European Convention for the protection of the human basic rights and liberties, source
www.curia.eu, access date 02.09.2010;
46
The Unions juridical order is based on accepting the states to transfer certain competences towards the
Unions institutions, competences that are commonly exerted by the member states of the European Union. On
the other hand, in frame of this juridical order there are important the sovereignty elements determining the
keeping of certain competences that should be considered by the states belonging to the European Union. These
express the right of every one of those people to keep their national identity and their national governing
structures, to decide in a free manner on the problems they are interested in, according to the Communitys
objectives settled by the basic community tools, C. Clinoiu, V. Duculescu, European Constitutional Law,
Lumina Lex Press, Bucharest, 2008, p.171;

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