Firing order From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The firing order is the sequence of power delivery of each cylinder in a multi-cylinder reciprocating engine. This is achieved by sparking of the spark plugs in a gasoline engine in the correct order, or by the sequence of fuel injection in a Diese! engine. When designing an engine, choosing an appropriate firing order is critical to minimizing vibration, to improve engine balance and achieving smooth running, for long engine fatigue life and user comfort, and heavily influences crankshaft design. Contents 1 Ignition 2 Various firing orders for different engine layouts 3 Cylinder numbering and firing order = 3.1 Notes on left/right and front/rear 4 Cylinder numbering and firing orders for various engine layouts For this inline-4 engine, 1-3-4-2 could be a = 5 Odd and even firing order valid firing order. = 6 Ships = 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Ignition Ina gasoline engine, the correct firing order is obtained by the correct placement of the spark plug wires on the distributor, In a modem engine with an engine management system and direct ignition, the Engine Control Unit (ECU) takes care of the correct firing sequence, Especially on cars with distributors, the firing order is usually cast on the engine somewhere, most often on the cylinder head, the intake manifold or the valve cover(s). Various firing orders for different engine layouts number of cylinders firing order example Saab two-stroke, Perodua Kancil engine BMW K75 engine, Subaru Justy engine ‘Most straight-4s, Ford Taunus V4 engine Some British Ford and Riley engines, Ford Kent engine, Riley Nine10 12 14 16 1-5-3-6-2-4 1-4-3-6-2-5 1-6-5-43-2 6 1-4-5-2-3-6 1-6-3-2-5-4 1-6-2-4-3-5 1-6-2-5-3-4 1-3-5-7.2-46 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 1-8-7-2-6-5-4-3 5-4-2-6-3-7-8 -5-6-3-4-2-7-8 7-4-8-2-6 1-2-7-8-4-5-6-3 1-2-7-3-4-5-6-8 1 1 1-8-7-3-6-5-4-2 1. 1 1-10-9-4-3-6-5-8-7-2 1-4.9-8-5-.2-11-10-3-6-7-12 1-12-5-8-3-10-6-7-2-11-4-9 IL-IR-2L-2R-4L-4R-6L-6R-7L- TR-SL-SR-3) 3R 1-12-8-11-7-14-5-16-4-15-3-10- 6-9-2-13 Subaru 4-cylinder engines, Yamaha RI crossplane Volkswagen air-cooled engine Straight-five engine, Volvo 850, Audi 100 Straight-6, Volkswagen VR6 engine, Opel Omega A, Nissan L Engine Mercedes-Benz M272 engine, Volkswagen V6's (both engines are 90-degree V6's) GM 3800 engine, Rover KV6 engine General Motors 60° V6 engine, Mazda JE 3.0 litre 60- degree V6 engine Mercedes-Benz M104 engine, Ford Cologne V6 engine Chevrolet Corvair Subaru Alcyone/XT-6/Vortex ER-27 Flat-6 Porsche Boxster Flat-6 Maserati Quattroporte IV V6-4AC-24 7-cylinder single row radial engine Chrysler Fifth Avenue, Chevrolet Small-Block engine, Pontiac, Rover V8 GM LS engine, Toyota UZ engine Porsche 928, Ford Modular engine, 5.0 HO BMW S65 Straight-8 ‘Nissan VK engine Ford Windsor engine Cadillac V8 engine 368, 425, 472, 500 only Ferrari V8's, (all are flat-plane crank) Holden V8 Cadillac Northstar Engine Dodge Viper V10 BMW S885, Ford V10 Isuzu 10PE1 2001 Ferrari 456M GT V12 1997 Lamborghini Diablo VT Caterpillar Inc. 3412 ‘Audi VW Bentley W12 engine (Wartsilé)-Sulzer 14ZV40/48 V14 marine diesel 2003 Cadillac V16 engine Although the vast majority of automobile engines rotate clockwise as viewed from the front, some engines are designed by the manufacturer to rotate counter-clockwise to a commodate certain mechanical configurations. In these applications, the firing order is shown in a reverse order (though it still starts with 1). For the most common inline configurations, this gives firing orders of 1-3-2, 1-2-4-3, and 1-4-2-6-3-5. In addition to the reconfiguration of the plug wires or injector tubes, the valve timing must be accordingly modified.Cylinder numbering and firing order Notes on left/right and front/rear ‘When referring to cars, the lefi-hand side of the car is the side that corresponds with the driver's left, as seen from the driver's seat. It can also be thought of as the side that would be on the left if one was standing directly behind the car looking at it When referring to engines, the front of the engine is, the part where the pulleys for the accessories (such as the alternator and water pump) are, and the rear of the engine is where the flywheel is, through which the engine connects to the transmission, The front of the engine may point towards the front, side or rear of the car, In most rear-wheel drive cars, the engine is longitudinally mounted and the front of the engine also points to the front of the car. In front-wheel drive cars with a transverse engine, the front of the engine usually points towards the right-hand side of the car. One notable exception is Honda, where Saab B engine, "firing order 1342" marked on inlet many models have the front of the engine at the left- manifold. #1 is towards the firewall (right side of hand side of the car. picture) In front-wheel-drive cars with longitudinally mounted engines, most often the front of the engine will point towards the front of the car, but some manufacturers (Saab, Citroén, Renault) have at times placed the engine ‘backwards’, with #1 towards the firewall. One notable car with this layout is the Citrogn Traction Avant. This layout is uncommon today Cylinder numbering and firing orders for various engine layouts Ina straight engine the spark plugs (and cylinders) are numbered, s front of the engine to the rear. arting with #1, usually from the In a radial engine the cylinders are numbered around the circle, with the #1 cylinder at the top. There are always an odd number of cylinders in each bank, as this allows for a constant alternate cylinder firing order: for example, with a single bank of 7 cylinders, the order would be 1-3-5-7-2-4- 6. Moreover, unless there is an odd number of cylinders, the ring cam around the nose of the engine would be unable to provide the inlet valve open - exhaust valve open sequence required by the four-stroke cycle. Ina V engine, cylinder numbering varies among manufacturers. Generally speaking, the most forward cylinder is numbered 1, but some manufacturers will then 1-3-5-2-4 would be the firing order for continue numbering along that bank first (so that side of the this 5-cylinder radial engine. engine would be 1-2-3-4, and the opposite bank would be 5- 6-7-8) while others will number the cylinders from front toback along the crankshaft, so one bank would be 1-3-5-7 and the other bank would be 2~4-6-8. (In this example, a V8 is assumed). To further complicate matters, manufacturers may not have used the same system for all of their engines. It is important to check the numbering system used before comparing firing orders, because the order will vary significantly with crankshaft design (see crossplane) As an example, the Chevrolet Small-Block engine has cylinders 1-3-5-7 on the left hand side of the car, and 2-4-6- 8 on the other side, and uses a firing order of 1-8-4-3-6-5-7- 2.11) Note that the order alternates irregularly between the left and right banks; this is what causes the ‘burbling’ sound of this type of engine] In most Audi and Ford V8 engines cylinders 1-2-3-4 are on the right hand side of the car, with 5-6-7-8 are on the left. Front ‘This means that Chevy Generation 1 Small Block V8 engines and Ford 302 V8s (5.8L, 5.0L, 7.5L) have an The cylinder numbering scheme used by identical firing pattern despite having a different firing some manufacturers on their V engines is order, based on "folding" the engine into an inline type. Likewise, the firing pattern is the same for Chevrolet & Chrysler V8 engines with a firing order of 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2, and for Ford's V8 engines with a firing order of 1~ 7-8. An exception is the Ford Flathead V8 where the number | cylinder is on the right front of the engine (same as other Ford V8's) but this cylinder is not the front cylinder of the engine. In this case number 5 is the front cylinder. A similar situation exists with the Pontiac V8's 455 etc. where the cylinders are numbered like a Chevrolet V8 but the right side bank is in front(like a Ford), this puts cylinder number 2 in front of number 1 V8 Cylinder bank Ferrari Audi Ford GM & Chrysler GM (Northstar) GM (Holden) Right side of vehicle 4321 1234 1234 2468 1357 1357 Left side of vehicle 5678 5678 5678 1357 2468 2468 Odd and even firing order Firing order affects the balance, noise, vibration, smoothness, and sound of the engine. Engines that are even-firing will sound more smooth and steady, while engines that are odd, or uneven firing will have a burble or a throaty, growling sound in the engine note, and, depending on the crankshaft design, will often have more vibrations due to the change of power delivery (with the exception of the Crossplane crankshaft, which has an uneven firing order, found in most V8s and in very few Inline 4s, such as the Yamaha YZF-R1, and due to the 90° crankshaft arrangement rather than the 180° flat-plane crank, it causes the engine to have less vibrations than a flat-plane crank and thus no additional balance shaft is necessary), Most racing engines such as those in Formula One often have an even firing order, mostly for quicker acceleration, less vibrations, and more efficient exhaust system designs. Most engines that utilize the Big-bang firing order system will often have an uneven firing order.Examples of odd-firing engines are Harley-Davidson Evolution engines, 2009-present Yamaha YZF- RI, All Ford V10 engines, Audi V10 FSI, GM Vortec 3500 Inline 5, Viper V10, Mercedes-AMG V12s, ‘Aston Martin 6.0L V12, Yamaha V-Max and VMAX, Buick 231 Odd-Fire V6, and Chevrolet straight-6 engines. Examples of even-firing engines are most current production inline 4s (with the exception of the Yamaha R1), most current production V6s, all Ferrari production engines, Lotus Esprit V8, Porsche 918 Spyder, McLaren M838T engine, Toyota LR engine, and all Lamborghini production engines (with the exception of stroked Audi FSI V10 engines). Ships Contrary to most car engines, a ship's engine or a power plant engine is numbered from the flywheel end towards the free end. In ship and power plant V-type engines the numbering is AI... and BI... where the A-bank is on the left hand side and the B-bank is on the right hand side, looking from the flywheel end. See also = Engine configuration = Fourestroke engine = Two-stroke engine References 1. 4 "Boxwrench.net" (http://boxwrench.net/specs_index.htm). Retrieved 2009-02-04. 2, * Reyenga, Craig. "Craig's website - V8 engines - exhaust sound” (http://craig. backfire.ca/pages/autos/v8- engines#sound). Retrieved 2009-02-04, 1997 Dakota firing order diagram External links = Firing Orders, Cylinder Numbering and Distributor Rotation for American V8 engines (http://boxwrench.net/specs_index.htm) = V8 Engines (http://craig-backfire.ca/pages/autos/v8-engines), an analysis of firing orders and cylinder numbering of V8 engines. Retrieved from "hitp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php’title=Firing_order&oldid=643250780" Categories: Engine technology = This page was last modified on 19 January 2015, at 20:03. = Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareA like License; additional termsmay apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization