Combustion chamber From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ithas been suggested Shem thatCombustor bemerged into this article. (Discuss)Propased since May 2012 This articleneeds additional citations forverification.Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (December 209) Acombustion chamber is that part of an internal combustionengine (ICE) in which the fuel/air mix is burned Contents [hide] 1 Intemal combustion engine 1.1 Petrol or gasoline engine 1.2 Diesel engine 1.3 Gas turbine 1.4 Rocket engine 2 Steam engine 3 Micro combustion chambers 4 See also 5 References Internal combustion engine {ecit) ICEs typically comprise reciprocating piston engines, rotary engines, gas turbine and jet turbines. The combustion process increases the internal energy of a gas, which translates into an increase in temperature, pressure, or volume depending on the configuration. In an enclosure, for example the cylinder of a reciprocating engine, the volume is controlled and the combustion creates an increase in pressure. In a continuous flow system, for example a jet engine combustor, the pressure Combustion chamber (namedcombustor) on a Rolls-Royce Neneturbojet engine a COMBUSTION CHAMBER * Diagram of jet engine showing the combustion chamber. is controlled and the combustion creates an increase in volume. he This increase in pressure or volume can be used to do work, for example, to move a piston on acrankshaft or a turbine disc in a gas turbine If the gas velocity changes, thrust is produced, such as in thenozzle of a rocket engine.Petrol or gasoline engine {edit} A petrol engine is often designed so that the moving pistons are flush with the top of the cylinder block atop dead centre. The combustion chamberlséation needed! is recessed in the oylinder head and commonly contains a single intake valve and a single exhaust valve. Some engines use a dished piston and in this case the combustion chamber can be considered as partly within the cylinder. [station needed) Head types Various shapes of combustion chamber have been used, such as: L-head (or flathead) for side-valve engines; "bathtub", "hemispherical", and "wedge" for overhead valve engines; and “pent-roof" for engines having 3, 4 or 5 valves per cylinder. The shape of the chamber has a marked effect on power output, efficiency and emissions; the designer's objectives are to burn all of the mixture as completely as possible while avoiding excessive temperatures (which create NOx). This [clariication neededis pest achieved with a compact rather than elongated chamber tation needed) Swirl & Squish Side-valve engine showing ‘combustion chamber The intake valve/port is usually placed to give the mixture a pronounced “swirl” (the term is preferable to "turbulence", which implies movement without overall pattern) above the rising piston, improving mixing and combustion. The shape of the piston top also affects the amount of swirl, Another design feature to promote turbulence for good fuel/air mixing is "squish", where the fuel/air mix is "squished" at high pressure by the rising piston.{"II2) Flame front Finally, the spark plug must be situated in a position from which the flame front can reach all parts of the chamber at the desired point, usually around 15 degrees after top dead centre. Itis strongly desirable to avoid narrow crevices where stagnant "end gas" can become trapped, as this tends to detonateviolently after the main charge, adding little useful work and potentially damaging the engine. Also, the residual gases displace room for fresh air/fuel mixture and will thus reduce the power Potential of each firing stroke |#ation needed) Diesel engine {edit} Diesel engines fall into two broad classes: Direct injection, where the combustion chamber consists of a dished piston + Indirect injection, where the combustion chamber is in the cylinder head Direct injection engines usually give better fuel economy but, indirect injection engines can use a lower grade of fuel. Dished piston for diesel engineHarry Ricardo was prominent in developing combustion chambers for diesel engines, the best known!" 1] being the RicardoComet. Gas turbine [edit] Main article: Combustor The combustion chamber in gas turbines and jet engines (includingramjets and scramjets) is called thecombustor. The combustor is fed with high pressure air by the compression system, adds fuel and burns the mix and feeds the hot, high pressure exhaust into the turbine components of the engine or out the exhaust nozzle. Different types of combustors exist, mainly: Can type: Can combustors are self-contained cylindrical combustion chambers. Each "can" has its own fuel injector, liner,interconnectors,casing. Each "can" get an air source from individual opening Cannular type: Like the can type combustor, can annular combustors have discrete combustion zones contained in separate liners with their own fuel injectors. Unlike the can combustor, all the combustion zones share a common air casing. Annular type: Annular combustors do away with the separate combustion zones and simply have a continuous liner and casing in a ring (the annulus) Rocket engine [ecit] See also: Rocket_engine § Combustion_chamber ja, This section requires expansion. 2 (atarch 2014) Steam engine edit) The term combustion chamber is also used to refer to an additional space between the firebox andboiler in a steam locomotive.|#aton needed] This space is used to allow further combustion of the fuel, providing greater heat to the boiler. Large steam locomotives usually have a combustion chamber in the boiler to allow the use of shorterfiretubes, This is because: Long firetubes have a theoretical advantage in providing a large heating surface but, beyond a certain length, this is subject todiminishing returns, Very long firetubes are prone to sagging in the middle. Micro combustion chambers [eait) Micro combustion chambers are the devices in which combustion happens at a very small volume, due to which surface to volumeratio increases which plays a vital role in stabilizing the flame.