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Problem Identification
At the end of each school year, teachers examine Criterion-Referenced Competency Test (CRCT)
scores specifically in the reading areas. Along with their reading score on the CRCT, a Lexile
Score is also identified for each child. A Lexile Score measures a students reading ability and
that score corresponds with a grade level in which the child is reading at. Teachers have
identified many students that are reading far below their current grade level and not being able to
identify this issue until the end of the year is a big concern for our teachers. There are no
known factors as to why so many students are struggling with reading, but the evidence from
previous CRCT and Lexile scores show there is a problem somewhere. Another trend that was
found after looking at the scores was a connection to the other subjects. Generally, if students
performed poorly on the reading portion of the CRCT, they also performed at a low level in
Science and Social Studies. Having so many students that struggle to read is a concern for
teachers and the need for a program to address these needs and help students increase their
reading ability throughout the year is very important. This program will address these concerns
and help improve reading scores (ability/comprehension). Students will begin reading at their
current grade level according to their Lexile score and progress to their actual grade level
through the year. By using two different online reading programs, students will be able to track
their own progress throughout the year to meet their goals.
Instructional Goals
Provide students in grades 6-8 with an opportunity to increase their Lexile score.
Provide students in grades 6-8 with strategies to help improve their reading abilities by
selecting appropriate reading material.
Provide students in grades 6-8 with an opportunity to increase their reading
comprehension in all subject areas.
KA II Learner Analysis
Introduction
The target group of learners is a group of 6th grade students at Harlem Middle School in
Harlem, Georgia. There are a total of ninety-three students in this group and the demographics
are as follows: Gender = 48% Female and 45% Male, Race = 75% White, 15% African
American, 5.3% Hispanic, 2% Multi-Racial, 1% Asian, and 1% Alaskan Native American,
Economically Disadvantaged = 45.2%, Gifted Students = 13.9%. All information was obtained
from the Statewide Longitudinal Data System (SLDS). SLDS also provides scores from
previous years on the Criteria Reference Competency Test (CRCT) which is a statewide test that
is administered in grades 3-8. Lexile Scores are also available along with a chart that shows the
students progress over the past years.
Entry Skills and Prior Knowledge
understanding of data analysis. Only 12% of students claim to have no understanding at all
about data analysis. When asked about their computer skills, 87.3% of students said they were
fully skilled, 10.7% had few or some skills, and 2% expressed that they were not skilled. I
was very pleased with the results of the motivation to learn. 98% of my students said they
were fully motivated to learn while only 2% said they had some motivation to learn.
Thankfully, no one said no motivation.
Group Characteristics
Harlem Middle School is a Title I school. Over 50% of our student body is on free and
reduced lunch, which is the indicator for a Title I school. Even though Harlem is located in a
very affluent county, the majority of our community is either at or slightly below the poverty
level. Of the total number of students that I teach, 45% (42 students) are economically
disadvantaged. All students are age appropriate for 6th grade (ages 11-12) except for one
student. This student came from Russia and is older than the other students. All students speak
fluent English, even the 5% of Hispanic students. Around 25% of students come from a single
parent home or are being raised by someone other than their mother or father (i.e. grandparents).
For the task analysis, I used a topic analysis to guarantee that all students know the facts,
concepts, and principles for this instruction. The majority of students are very aware of their
CRCT (Criterion-Reference Competency Test) scores, but many are not aware of the Lexile
score that is also part of their reading score. The purpose behind the topic analysis is to provide
students with a better understanding of what the Lexile represents and what teachers may use
that score for, and how to improve their reading ability.
Students have used reading programs before in elementary school so there is a familiarity
with the program(s). It is not necessary for me to perform a full procedural analysis on this
part of the instruction for this reason.
Task Analysis Outline
1.0 Define Lexile score and explain its purpose
1.1 A Lexile score measures a students reading ability on a developmental scale(also
known as text complexity band)
1.1.1Low Lexile measurements represent low reading ability and vice versa.
1.1.2 Lexile scores are used to predict how well a student will/can comprehend
a text
1.2 Purpose
1.2.1 Helps readers find books that are at an appropriate reading level(difficulty)
for them specifically
1.2.1.1 How to search for books in the media center or local library that is
on the appropriate reading level for them
1.2.2 Teachers can monitor a readers growth in their reading ability over time
1.2.2.1 Use reading programs such as Accelerated Reader and Total
Reader
2.0 Individual Reading CRCT scores and Lexile scores
is a measureable goal to help improve students reading abilities. I have seven years of
experience in the Language Arts content and have also been part of the changing of curriculum
from Georgia Performance Standards to the Common Core Standards.
Flowchart of Task Analysis
Enabling Objectives
1A. To identify Lexile scores as a students ability to read on a measurable scale or text
complexity band
1B. To understand that the lower the Lexile score is, the lower the reading ability of a student
will be and vice versa
Terminal Objective 2 Reason(s) why teachers use Lexile scores
Enabling Objectives
2A. Students will be able to find reading level appropriate books according to their own Lexile
score/level to comprehend what the text is about
2B. Monitor student(s) growth in their reading ability overtime (within a years time)
Terminal Objective 3 Use Lexile scores to pick appropriate reading material
Enabling Objectives
3A. Students will use prior knowledge of what their Lexile score is to pick out appropriate
reading material to use to increase their Lexile score/level
3B. Use the Media Specialist as needed to help students pick the right text
Terminal Objective 4 Use a computer based program(s) to increase Lexile scores
Enabling Objectives
4A. Use Accelerated Reader to increase Lexile scores
4B. Use Total Reader to increase Lexile scores
Performance
Fact
Concept
Principles
Procedure
Interpersonal
Attitude
Recall
1, 1A, 1B
Application
2A, 4, 4A, 4B
2B
3, 3A, 3B
2B
2A
4, 4A, 4B
2A, 3, 3A, 3B
KA V Development of Assessments
Instructional
Strategies
Goals
Objectives
UDL
Assessments
Define what a
Lexile score is
and understand
its purpose
Objective 1
Define Lexile
score
1A. To identify
Lexile scores as
a students
ability to read on
a measurable
scale or text
complexity band
1B. To
understand that
the lower the
Lexile score is,
the lower the
reading ability of
a student will be
and vice versa
Students are
given the choice
of which
technology tool
they would like
to use to exhibit
their
understanding of
the content
Lesson 2
Students will use
a different Web
2.0 tool
(different from
Lesson 1) to
demonstrate their
understanding of
why teachers use
Lexile scores and
what they do
with those scores
Understand why
teachers use
Lexile scores and
what teachers do
with the score
Objective 2
Reason(s) why
teachers use
Lexile scores
2A. Students will
be able to find
reading level
appropriate
books according
to their own
Lexile
score/level to
comprehend
what the text is
about
2B. Monitor
student(s) growth
Students are
given the choice
of which
technology tool
they would like
to use to exhibit
their
understanding of
the content
in their reading
ability overtime
(within a years
time)
Lesson 3
Students will
create SMART
goals for
increasing their
Lexile score.
This will be done
twice a year;
once at the
beginning, and
then again after
the second
semester.
Student will be
able to pick out
appropriate
books/reading
material with or
without the help
of the Media
Specialist to help
increase their
reading
ability/Lexile
score
Objective 3
Use Lexile
scores to pick
appropriate
reading material
3A. Students will
use prior
knowledge of
what their Lexile
score is to pick
out appropriate
reading material
to use to increase
their Lexile
score/level
3B. Use the
Media Specialist
as needed to help
students pick the
right text
Students are in
charge of their
own learning,
and beginning to
create artifacts
and evidence of
learning and
progress
Students will
create SMART
goals for
increasing their
Lexile score.
Students must
have three goals
stated and be
able to meet
those goals at the
end of each
semester
Lesson 4
Students will use
two different
online reading
programs to
increase their
Lexile score and
monitor their
progress.
Students will
create a data
chart showing
their progress
Use an online
reading program
to help increase
their Lexile score
and monitor their
progress
throughout the
school year
Objective 4
Use a computer
based program(s)
to increase
Lexile scores
4A. Use
Accelerated
Reader to
increase Lexile
scores
Students are in
charge of their
own learning,
and beginning to
create artifacts
and evidence of
learning and
progress
Multiple
computer-based
quizzes provided
by the reading
programs.
over time.
increase Lexile
scores
Assessment: Students will create SMART goals based on their current Lexile score and identify
ways to increase that score by the end of the year. This will be done twice during the year; once
at the beginning and again after the first semester.
UDL Principles: This activity and assessment meets the UDL principle of multiple means of
representation. Some students will have similar Lexile scores, but the majority of students will
be on different levels. Because of this, each student will be choosing books that fit their current
Lexile score and one step ahead to help improve that score as well as picking books that are of
interest to them.
Assessment: Students will be assessed based on the books they choose to read. Within the online
reading programs, students will take short, comprehensive quizzes that assess their knowledge of
the book. Student progress will also be monitored with these programs to ensure that students
are progressing to their SMART goal by the end of the school year.
UDL Principles: This meets both multiple means of expression and representation also. Student
will be using two different reading programs that are slightly different from each other. The
intended outcome is the same, but the process of each will be different according to the books
that students choose as well.
Assessment Examples
Objective 1 Assessment
Web 2.0 Presentation Rubric
Lesson 1 What is a
Lexile score?
Instructional
Goals/Learning
Objectives Met
Instructional goal(s)
or learning objectives
are slightly met
Instructional goal(s)
or learning objectives
are mostly met
Instructional goal(s)
or learning objectives
are fully met
Design
Presentation is
difficult to understand
and/or read
Presentation is
understandable, but
needs more work
Presentation is well
organized and easy to
understand and/or
read
Grammar/Mechanics
Presentation has no
grammatical errors
Objective 2 Assessment
Web 2.0 Presentation
Lesson 2 Why do
teachers use Lexile
scores?
Instructional
Goals/Learning
Objectives Met
Instructional goal(s)
or learning objectives
are slightly met
Instructional goal(s)
or learning objectives
are mostly met
Instructional goal(s)
or learning objectives
are fully met
Design
Presentation is
difficult to understand
and/or read
Presentation is
understandable, but
needs more work
Presentation is well
organized and easy to
understand and/or
read
Grammar/Mechanics
Presentation has no
grammatical errors
Name: _____________________________________
SMART Goals
Reading (Lexile Score)
My current Lexile score is ______________________
My goal is: ______________________________
To reach my goal, I will pick three books with different Lexile scores. They are:
1. _____________________________________________ Lexile Level # _________________
2. _____________________________________________ Lexile Level # _________________
3. _____________________________________________ Lexile Level # _________________
Objective 4 Assessment
Online Reading Program Quizzes
Example #1 Accelerated Reader Student App for IPad
Instructional Sequence
Sequence
1
2
3
4
Description
Define Lexile score and its purpose
Reasons why teachers use Lexile scores
Picking out the appropriate books/reading material
Increasing Lexile scores using an online reading program
Objective
1
2
3
4
The instructional sequence for this lesson is a learning-related sequence. Students must first
understand what Lexile scores are before moving onto any other part of the lesson. Next, the
students will know what Lexile scores are used for and why their teacher(s) may use them in the
classroom or for any assignment. This sequence allows students to fully understand one concept
before moving to another, more complex concept. Each lesson builds upon the previous lesson
to ensure student understanding.
Lesson 1 What is a Lexile score?
Objective 1 Define Lexile score
1A. To identify Lexile scores as a students ability to read on a measurable scale or text
complexity band
1B. To understand that the lower the Lexile score is, the lower the reading ability of a
student will be and vice versa
Initial Presentation: Students will research Lexile scores by answering the following prompts.
1. What is a Lexile score?
2. What does the Lexile score represent?
After this discussion of Lexile scores, students will be asked to self-assess their own Lexile
score (what they think their Lexile score is). After the self-assessment, students will be given
their current Lexile score.
UDL: Students who need more direction as to where to find this information will be given two
specific websites to search on. Other students who are more advanced and computer skills ready
will have the options to search independently with the search engine of their choice.
Resource:
Sitzmann, T., Ely, K., Brown, K. G., & Bauer, K. N. (2010). Self-Assessment of Knowledge: A
Cognitive Learning or Affective Measure?. Academy Of Management Learning &
Education, 9(2), 169-191. doi:10.5465/AMLE.2010.51428542
Archer, L. E. (2010). Lexile Reading Growth as a Function of Starting Level in At-Risk Middle
School Students. Journal Of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 54(4), 281-290.
doi:10.1598/JAAL.54.4.6
HIEBERT, E. H. (2012). The Common Core State Standards and Text Complexity. Teacher
Librarian, 39(5), 13-19.
Goals
Define what a
Lexile score is
and understand
its purpose
Objectives
UDL
Assessments
Objective 1
Define Lexile
score
1A. To identify
Lexile scores as
a students
ability to read on
a measurable
scale or text
Students are
given the choice
of which
technology tool
they would like
to use to exhibit
their
understanding of
explain its
purpose in the
classroom
complexity band
1B. To
understand that
the lower the
Lexile score is,
the lower the
reading ability of
a student will be
and vice versa
the content
Lesson 2
Students will use
a different Web
2.0 tool
(different from
Lesson 1) to
demonstrate their
understanding of
why teachers use
Lexile scores and
what they do
with those scores
Understand why
teachers use
Lexile scores and
what teachers do
with the score
Objective 2
Reason(s) why
teachers use
Lexile scores
2A. Students will
be able to find
reading level
appropriate
books according
to their own
Lexile
score/level to
comprehend
what the text is
about
2B. Monitor
student(s) growth
in their reading
ability overtime
(within a years
time)
Students are
given the choice
of which
technology tool
they would like
to use to exhibit
their
understanding of
the content
Lesson 3
Students will
create SMART
goals for
increasing their
Lexile score.
This will be done
Student will be
able to pick out
appropriate
books/reading
material with or
without the help
of the Media
Objective 3
Use Lexile
scores to pick
appropriate
reading material
3A. Students will
use prior
Students are in
charge of their
own learning,
and beginning to
create artifacts
and evidence of
learning and
Students will
create SMART
goals for
increasing their
Lexile score.
Students must
have three goals
twice a year;
once at the
beginning, and
then again after
the second
semester.
Specialist to help
increase their
reading
ability/Lexile
score
knowledge of
what their Lexile
score is to pick
out appropriate
reading material
to use to increase
their Lexile
score/level
3B. Use the
Media Specialist
as needed to help
students pick the
right text
progress
stated and be
able to meet
those goals at the
end of each
semester
Lesson 4
Students will use
two different
online reading
programs to
increase their
Lexile score and
monitor their
progress.
Students will
create a data
chart showing
their progress
over time.
Use an online
reading program
to help increase
their Lexile score
and monitor their
progress
throughout the
school year
Objective 4
Use a computer
based program(s)
to increase
Lexile scores
4A. Use
Accelerated
Reader to
increase Lexile
scores
Students are in
charge of their
own learning,
and beginning to
create artifacts
and evidence of
learning and
progress
Multiple
computer-based
quizzes provided
by the reading
programs.
I will use a summative evaluation for the student learner for the online module. I will use
a combination of interviews and achievement test (monitored progress from the beginning to the
end of the school year) from the online reading programs. For the SME, I will use a
connoisseur-based study with the assistance of our Media Specialist. Our Media Specialist has
over fifteen years experience in the Language Arts classroom and is also working on her
Instructional Technology degree.
Student Interviews
1. Did you enjoy this online course?
2. Do you feel like you understand the learning objectives that were presented to you?
3. What were your goals?
4. Did you meet your goals?
5. Did this online course help you achieve your goals?
6. What do you think could be done differently in this course?
7. Other comments:
After collecting this data, I will analyze and interpret the data based on either positive and/or
negative feedback. Also, I will focus on the opinions and attitudes expressed in their comments
and answers.
SME Connoisseur-based Study
I will ask the SME to examine the online course and provide her opinions based on the
following:
1. Organization and Flow
2. Accuracy of Content
3. Readability
4. Representation of current best practices
5. Overall effectiveness
After collecting this data, I will analyze the results based on her expert opinion and make
changes accordingly.