Microelectronic Circuits Sedra Smith 6th Edition Solution Manual For INTERNATIONAL EDITION

NS aa SEDRA/SMITH INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUTIONS MANUAL FOR MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUITS BONE Cigar cee ne ECU ner orc cca Ceca tad Oe Wate CL OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS‘Oxford University Pres, Inc, publishes works that further Oxford University’s ‘objective of excellence in researc, scholarship, and education. ‘Oxford New York ‘Auckland Cape Town Dares Salaam Hong Kong. Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melboume Mexico City Nairobi [New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto ‘With otices in ‘Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Coech Republic France Greece Guatemala ‘Hungary tly Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press Ine Published by Oxford University Pres, In. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 ‘upton. cup com ‘Oxford isa registered trademark of Oxford University Press llrightsreserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form of by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, ‘without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0-19-976570.6 Printing number: 987654321 Printed inthe United States of America ‘on aci-fee paperContents Exercise Solutions (Chapters 1 — 16) Problem Solutions (Chapters 1 — 16)Preface ‘This manual contains complete solutions for all exercises and end-of-chapter problems included in the book Microelectronic Circuits, International Sixth Edition, by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith. We are grateful to Mandana Amiri, Shahriar Mirabbasi, Roberto Rosales, Alok Berry, Norman Cox, John Wilson, Clark Kinnaird, Roger King, Marc Cahay, Kathleen Muhonen, Angela Rasmussen, Mike Green, John Davis, Dan Moore, and Bob Krueger, who assisted in the preparation of this manual. We also acknowledge the contribution of Ralph Duncan and Brian Silveira to previous editions of this manual, ‘Communications concerning detected errors should be sent to the attention of the Engineering Editor, mail to Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York, USA 10016 or e-mail to hhigher.education.us@oup.com. Needless to say, they would be greatly appreciated. ‘A website for the book is available at www.oup.com/sedra-xse ivEx: 1.1 When output terminals are open circuited For circuits, tye = 0) Foreireuith, rye = (XR, ‘When output terminals are short-circuited occa ty = "0 Ry For cireuith.j,. = 140) For equivalency Ryigi) = v0) Ra wo ° igure Ita 6@ Figure 1b Be 12 By Ve=¥s Voc = Wmv lye = WO uA -¥_ mv _ 7” ipa ~ 18° Ex: 13 Using voltage divider Rs v.00 eee 10 = Ox a Given w(1) = 10 mV and Ry = 1k Ik, = 100 ka Exercise 1-1 100. wy = 1 mV x 20 = 99 mv IR, = 10 kD 10 % = 10 mv x mv ° ioe =" WR, = 1k 1 y= Wmvx b= smv 2 wi IR, = 1000 100. ty = Wmv x 100 = OV TOE TR 80 0% of source voltage = 10 mV x source voltage = 10 mV x FR, gives 8 mV when Ry = 1 KE then Re = 10x Rr, = 8 10x Bi oR, = ann Ex: L4 Using current divider yi 15= 1A Re ER ip = ix Bt 0 = EX RR, Given p> 10 MA. Ry = 100K Fee = i oe Rpm UR ig = wax lO or Ry = 5 100 For Ry = 10K iy = 1OHA iO, LI uA foe = x 100 By = 100K I = 10 RA call = SHA For 100K R= UMA ig = 10nAx IK . a, pA: 1OK+IM =09 nA wrent = 10 x 80 = 8056 of source current = 10 80 = 8 pA Ia load Ry, gives 80% ofthe source current, then Bya = 10pax oR, = KOEx: L7 1F6 MHz is allocated for each channel then 470 MH 0 806 MH2 will aecomexlate 806 = 470 6 Since it starts with channel 14, i channel 4 to channel 69 56 chamels £0 from aixY xr a TR Alteratively, Po PEPE Pct Vy Rx(ietedade Peas a) team be shown by direct calculation that the infite series in the parentheses has 3 approaches 27/8 thas P becomes V2 Foard from direct caution Fraction of energy in fundamental = 8/m' O81 Fanon of emp ls tame -8r¢l. 4d) 9 Sud d) om Fao of cary in int rename (i$) 0 s8(rebe eed) « 006 Note that 904 ofthe energy ofthe square wa inthe first three harmonies tha isin the fonds rental and the thied harmonic Bx: 1.9 (a) D cam represent 15 distnet values between O and +15 V. Thus, = OVD = 0000 Exercise 1-2 y= 1V=D = 0001 vy = 2V=eD = On10 = 1SVeD= 1 0b) +1.V Gi #2V Gi) +4 Ge) 48V (6) The closest discrete value represented by Dis5 V; thus D ~ O101. The error is 0.2 V or 021 52x 100 = ~4% Ex: 10 Voltage gain urren gain 20 og 100 ~ 40 4B, 201192 1000 = 6048 1Olog A, = 100g (A.A) = log 10° = s0aB -1sx8 rg = LPT aw me Peiigenet 120 mw 120-18 = 102 mw 100 = 15% Vv = 10nV 40 10°) yg. M% . W28V mT 02s viv Power gain (A) ~ FE whore P, = 6.25 mW and P, ny 05 V and Lv - 05 “peer | OS Tas, Po 0508 and, 0.25 ww 25x10" 925310" Woe A, = 4B . 2s 0!‘This figure belongs to Exercise 1.15 |. wor aw" 1x Bx: L13 Open circuit (no load) output voltage 4 ‘Outpot voltage with load connected AM RT Re mat x (100 x 7H) J 09 = 2509 5x 10" WW 1Otee A,» 48 88 Tx LS Without stage 3 igure above) - (1M 100K 2° Gare ra) oor Te) 100s!) 2 (0:909)(10)40.9901 (100)(0.0509) Ex: L16 Given ¥ n= dmv TiS a.909 0 yy = 009 8, = 09091 = 0900 mV 9.90900 = 9 Viv For x, > Pmv fy = 9M A DEL = OV S18 Exercise 1-3 1K ~ A mee cos A = 99x99 «0.900 Foe w= Dm ty > SIB 4 = BIST = BIR MV %y = 0.909 ¥ 909% 9.9 0,900 = 744 For ¥, = 1 mv Vj, dx tv, 744 mv Ex: 117 Using voltage amplifier model, team be represented ss R= Mo wo Ae = Ags yg = 99 909 = 900-VIV ‘The oval voltage gain Yon 8 x4 ve RRS For Rp = 10.0 Overat yo iM TM 10K Fork, 1000 Overall volage gain IM Tarr ioe Be ean 09 vv ye imo 9 Range of voltage gain is from 409 to 810 V/V sioviv8 ” SR, Rod RS” - Gan - Ry 4 SRR, ty = Gato RD) 5. Ry Gasp ig Rol RL) Thos, % R, Bm Gag yegRoll RO Bx: 1.20 Using wransresstance circuit model the circuit will be Rags x Ru RR, RY Ry Ry Exercise 1~4 = iret B+ DER, alr +B # DRT t Goin 10H == 0aB WkHz = 4008 WOOK 2048 IMHe 048 Vo = GaVARo | Ri Ci CAA era ce Eee Ly Yo. _G, Tes P= ® ReExercise 1-5 ty be Gu - 10 _ oi may 100 x Rs Tg Re 4+ 08 ma Reeth ‘TR : ‘which sa HP STC fonction nyegigka = 2540 1 , = 100 Hz fia 2wC(Ry + Ry 4 = 0.16 pF 2a +910" x 100Bx:1.25 Te 50K n= Brno 3 10" (90)! erm xaea = 96% 10 fem! T=390K = BP tT = 73x 10350)" = 4.15% 10"/em* Ex: 1.26 Ny = 10m’ From Bxercise 3. at T= 350K = 4.15 x 10"/em* n= Np = 10" em? = 172% 10%em? Bx: 1.27 A300 K, n, Pp = Na ‘Want electron concentration 15x 10" em" won, SX" 5x tate? sor = 15x 1h Na = Pp 2 USx 10"? 15x 10" 3X 10"%em? Be2.28 adi! = =1,E ere negative sign indicates that electrons ‘move in a direction opposite to B Weuse wedi = =p, 1 2x10 = 6.75 x 10" emis = 6.75 x 10° mis = 1350% Pym = 10° em Exercise 1-6 Inn. deff current density Jy in J oan = 16% 107 10" « 1350 % EY Daw = 1,08 x 10° Alem? 4 Daitfeuneat y= Ag vat = Agnags = 025% 10"* x 1.08% 108 = 27uA Note 0.25 ym? 25 «10° cm? Ber a4, = ¢D St From Figure E228 rng = 10"Femn* = 10° (um)? D, = Bemis = 35% 0 F ums 35x 10" Gum's 10 10" wm T an) as 1.6% 10°" x 35 x 10" x 10" = 56x 10° tum)? 56 w Alum)" For Jy JnXA Ex: 1-30 Using equation 1.45 Ve = 480% 25.9% 10" = 24 em'hs kx: 1-31, quation 3.50 wo Fee, wnExercise 1-7 ‘As one can sce from above equation to increase minority carier-concentration (p,) bya Factor of 2, ome must lower Np (=n, by a Tet of 2. ra Be 1.34 a a, >, , », Vo ion 2.381, = Agn;( Pe + Pe Eiquat ls = Ag is * tae) Py ay Ps reese since TE an 7 ee aproimaely Inap* n diode N,>> Np eZ Sina ves >> Np then he term Eanatnn. sow ye aN a Wy D, > Np = asx 10" A beer ay NAN, re ag agen Fauation 2.530) ~ ag( Me.) 1, 145% 10 Mat Wo 02ma NsNp we Agta Wine Ny 99 Np Ny Ex: 1.36 wo FECES Dea ¥p 4 16x10? 1.66% 10% em = 0.166 yum AAR Ry: 1.37 Es: 1.33 5 , nexamples.29y = 10"! and Inthe n-zegion of this pn juetion dows Vo 6xio n= Ny > 10" Fem" 6.08 © 1D em = 0,608 jum) m OS 210°) 3.95 < 10%em"Exercise “4 Be 1.40 = 0416 x 10 Equation 1.74 a 163 pC wD Reverse Current J = Is = aani( Pe ae is = Aan (72 exe 10 x 16x 10" (1.5 x 10") 25 ns (2 1) Byun 2 Sx 10x 10" 10% 10x 10! c= (2)! = 7310 A v Inexample3.30N, = 10"? , Exr2.38 > Bquaon 2.72 Np = 10m’ Assuming Ny >> No ty at, = 25a iy ea Tx16x10") =. pF Bx: 1.39 ~@. 4G, Cee B= Senn = Lex ner Srxnste”— 1 = ts Ger ) Ly sls! BxreExercise 2-1 Ex:24 ‘The minimum numberof terminals required by a single op amp is five: two input terminals, one output terminal, one terminal for positive power supply and ‘one terminal for negative power supply. ‘The minimum number of terminals required by a ‘quad op amp is 14: each op amp requires two pt terminals and one output terminal (account ing for 12 terminals for the four op amps). In addition, the four op amp can all share one terminal for postive power supply and one terminal for negative power supply. Ex:2.2 Equation are vy = A(vy ~ 04): = tH hem = H+ tg = Bh ow = 54 +O) a) a= 4-8 = 0-2, = ~0mv=-2mv A 10’ ths = Hm = 0 (-0.002) = +-0002.V 2mv 2mV +0) = -1mv b) -10 = 1015 =n) 9m = SOLV 5-501 = 001 v= 10 ta =m vem = 4(n, +9) = {s01+5) = tem = 30% +) = S014 5) = S005 v =5V ° uy = A(m— %) = 10°(0:998 ~ 1.002) 0.998 ~ 1.002 = -4 mv 4v = Som tw) = M1002 + = Yon = Hoi +m) = 410.002 + 0.998) = 1V » =3.6 = 10'Lvy = (-3.6)] = 10°(% + 3.6) = 8 = ~3.6036v Wg = t= B= — 3.6036 - (-3.6) = 0.0036 V = -36 mv 1 1 Yen = An ty) = N= 364 (= tem = 30 + a) 6+ (-36)1 -36V Bx: 2.3 From Figure E2.3 we have: Vy = yxV,and Vg = (Gu¥2~ GV IR = GyRVs~ ¥)) ‘Therefore: Vs = wGyR(V2~ Vi) ‘Thats the open-loop gain ofthe op amp isA = WG,R.For Gy = 10 mA/V and = 100 we have A = 100 10x 10 = 10" V/V Or equivalently 80 4B Ex:24 ‘The gain and input resistance of the inverting amplifier circuit shown in Figure 2.5 are AAR, respectively, Therefore, we have Ry = 100kO and Ry ‘Thus: R, = 10 100k0 = IMO = -10R; = 108, Ex: 25 R= 10k0. 1. From Table’ We have: i.e, output is open circuit ‘The negative input terminal of the op amy V, isa virwal ground, thus thus &, =R = 00 Since we are assuming thatthe op amp in this transresistance amplifier is idea. the op amp has zero output resistance and therefore the output resistance of this tanstesistance amplifier is also zero. That is Ro = 0.0Exercise 2-2 R=10KQ Connecting the signal source shown in Figure E255 to the input ofthis amplifier we ha Visa virwal ground that s V =O, ths the eve: Fen flowing through the 10 kA. resistor com nected between ¥, and ground is zero, Therefore Vo = i= RX OS mA = 0- 10K X05 mA “sv 0 ra Assuming an ideal op amp, the current lowing imo the negative input terminal ofthe op amp i ‘ero, Therefine, i = iy = ly = 1 mA = tma Y= ify = 0 TAX IO KR = -10V i= Ye = IY toma jg = pip = = WmA=TmAm =A Votiage gain = Ye = =10Y = W10vv 2048 (Current gain A * = -10ANA or 20dB ‘ Power gain = =1=10mA) — J99 wav or 2048 Nett ower giin a oA Forth ct shown above we ne: (Re Re vo~ (Bevis Bev) Since tis requ a Vy, = We want toe By Ry Ro tae (4 5¥5), {is aso desired that fora maximum output volt age of 10 V the cureat in te Feedback resistor oes not exceed I mA. ets voxn Let shane be IDK town onan, = = 240 Ry Rey, (Rey Rey vo Gag) GEER) We wan iodine Ven M4 Yea, Thx we ced have (RG) > (EMR) = om = + From the above three equation, we have to Find Sis unknown resistors, therefore, we ean ahi it such that warily choose three ofthese resistors. Leta choose: Then we haveExercise 2-3 Re y= = WL aso BeBe) = 2,09 10x 0m 2, = (Bi(Re) = 2 ld = aoe, = san Ha) e) a 1-5 010 toy, = 10K GR) - RX Bx 29 Using the superposition principle to find the con- Usibution of to the output voltage, we st V3 Onn reo 2ko. v. =v, yoy ko 10x 06V, = 6, of V, tothe ouput vot OX OAV, = 4Vy ‘Combining the contributions of v1 and v2 To Vo wehave Vy = 6V, + 4V; 9K. ako the soper postion principle, to Find the contribution of V, 10 Vgwe set Vs = Vy = 0 Then swe have (refer to the solution of exerese 2.9) Vo = Oy “To find the contebution of V3 to Vp we set Vy = Vy 0, then: Vy = 4Ve ‘To find the contribution of ¥ 10 Vy we set Vy = Va = 0, then kN y . oy, fq = ~ TERY, = -9¥5 ‘Combining the contributions of V3 and V5 10 Vo we have: Vp = 6V, + 4V,—9Vs Bx 2M Vo py Rta reg kta toe a IF, = 10.V then its desired that i> 10 qa. = topasns a, = HOY = Wouasen ea = (OY 1 MO and RAR: Ry = RR, = B; os ma x 2:12 ry Yo Vo = AW,~ Via ¥. = v2 Row = (kta 1 Rally Gg RR 1 LER a(0) Fer Ry = 1 Kf and = 9K the ea value theca gin ie 42, hat i 10M credo sini = “RK ICA = 10° then G 0 9.901 and X 100 = ~099% ~ -1% 10 TV, Vo = GX Vy = 9.901 V and For Vy Yo . 9901 = AW.-Vo=v.- V2 22 = Vy = AW,—V)=2¥.— v= 32 = 250H = 9.9mV IA = 10° then G For ¥) = 1V, Vo therefore, v-¥ = 9.99 and e = —0.1% = GX, = 9999, Yo a 22 ~ 0.999 mv 1 mv 10 IA = 10° then G = 9999 and 001% For ¥; = 1¥, Vg = GX V, = 9,999 thus, Vo = Vy tXOkA = 141X9 = 10V Yo. 10V © Ten ~ reg = 1A ig = pth = mA IOV _ 16¥ oe 1OY ~ 19¥ or 2008 Exercise 2-4 Wma . io Pe. YoXte . 10x10 7 Veh” Dae fx 28 (a) oad votage = tk xiv mv Ta wa () load voltage = 1V Bx: 215 (a) Ry = Ry= DKW, Ry = Ry =200K0 Since RyRy = RJR, we have: ~ 200 Va-Va Ry 2 (0) Ry=2R, =2x 2kN= 4K Since we are assuming the opamp is ideal R00 Ay= = wov/v Ag ‘The worst ease common-mode gain Acg happens when] bas its maximam value, the resistors have 1% tolerance, we Ry, Raya 1+ 001) Ry” Regen 0.01) where Rygun Hd Rng af Homi valves for Ry ‘and Ry respectively. We ave : Ragan ® KAD ad Rin * 20012, ths, 200 0.99 < Re < 200 x 1.01 ‘2x 101 Bx 099 = 10202Simtaty, we ean show that R <% onan = te Heenee, ~ 102.02 = ‘Therefore, Re Ry taht Be Inthe worst case & x Re 8 ye, 1p Be Tom Mel 008 R [Note thatthe worst case Ay happens when R R Fe = 902 ana = 10202 ‘The differential gain Ay of the ampliier R & EMR for the worst e886 Ag say = therfore the corresponding value of Ad jog W202 CMRR ~ 20 oeift4 = 20 08 Tor MRR = 20 log(2550.5) = 6848 16 We choose Ry = Rj and Ry = Ry Then for the fncuit to behave asa difference amplifier with ‘of 10 and an input resistance of 20 kA = kN R, = KA and 10x 10k = 100k R= AR, Therefore, Ry = Ry = 10M and R= Ry = 100kN. 7 Given Vig = + 5V Vig = 1Osinat mv = 5 ~ 0.005 sinat V L en Ment Ho = $+ 0005sineat V v(Op AmpA,) = Vy = 5~ 0.005sinat V Exercise 2-5 e(Op AmpA;) = Viz = 5+ 0.005sinuat V Ha = h2— Mh = O01 sine The to voltage at the output of op amp A. Co Rox = 5 ~ 0.005 sinut ~ 500 k x 201 sinet $5 ~ 0005 sinat ~ $00 x OO sn ny The ole athe cuit of opamp A2 Vag = ay + Rx BH ™ 2R, = (54+ S005sineV RL wo Bre” +10 ko (Op Amp As) = sia % Ry Ry Jae = H+ 5008 say = 25+ 25m5snwov 0p Ang As) = VAP AMD A) as + 250580 V wo i038} 1O4(, 4 95MO) fi. and wetzow 20 op, = 106 anf, ~ 2 MMe therefore fon 15Me By definition the open-loop gain (in JB) at fy Aplin dB)—3 = 106-3 = 1030 “To find the open-toop gain at Frequency f we can vse equation 2.31) (especially when f>>f, which isthe case inthis exercise) and write: penton en a= 20) Their Oper loop ein at 3001 = 3 Mit 20 tog MHz tog ME $0 an Open toop gan a 3k = 20 10g MIE = 60 4s Tele Operctoop gain at 12 kttz = 20 tog Open-loop pain a GO Ktty ~ 20 tog Ex: 227 c k wed r ‘The waveforms forone period of the input al the ‘ouput signals are shown belo: 0 i won Lis ° wvWeave == 2- Zf wa 9-20 = bx 10% 1 ms = oct ms = 05 ms cn = Bictm=0s Be 228 Since de gain ofthe op amp is much larger than ‘the de gain of the designed non-inverting amplifier, we can use equation(2.35). ‘Therefore: Sau = fi = 2Mi 7 Hence fags = 2 MEE = 20 eit x 229 For the input voltage step of magnitude V the out- ‘put waveform will stil be given by the exponential waveform of equation(2.40) MwV Sse SR. Def, ‘Thatis v= SB v V5 0.16 V, thus, the largest possible input voltage step is 0.16 V. From Appendix F we know that the 10% to 9056 rise time ofthe output waveform ofthe form of equation (2.40) is , = 2.24 Thus, 1, = 05 ws {an input step of amplitude 1.6 V (10 times as large compared tothe previous case) is applied, the the output is slewsrate limited and is Tnearly rising with a slope equal the slew-rate, a5, showin inthe following figure. 09% 1 = 01x16 TVs aH 2 128s Bx: 230 From equation (2.41) we have: 1591S kHz = 15.9 ke Using equation (2.42), for an npr sinusoid with frequency J = 5 Jy. the maximum possible amplitude tha canbe accommodated a the output without incuring SR distortion i: Yo" Vom( Zit) = 10x! = 2¥ gesExercise 2-1 Bx 3.1 Refer to Fig3- 3a). for V, > 0, the diode con- dducs and presens a zero voltage drop. Thus Vo. V; For ¥,<0, the diode is cut-off, vero current flows through R and Vy = 0,The esults isthe transfer characteristic in Fig 23.2. kx: 3.2 sce Figure}. 3aand3 3 During the positive half ofthe sinusoid, the diode is forward biased, 0 it conducts resulting in ‘v9 O During the negative half of the input signal, the diode is reverse blased. The diode does not conduct resulting in no current lowing inthe Eire $0 vy = O and ty = = Hy = ‘This results inthe waveform shown in Figure 83.2 Bx 3.3 BIR, Be 3.4 @ 2ma ® asin 3 40a © sv ® = 4 veov asin -sv © av 2 aw Vv ne ama fo sv vo fet veiv 11V 0k = re 3-5 Vag = @ 0 tee ze a 333 kAExercise 3-2 For an output voltage of 2.4V, the voltage drop @ Now 1 the current through each diode is afar 0") 1m te"? = 91x10" e 546 ma, Wo-24 S4ox 10 = B00 23.12 o © In to ta= 10x10 Bx 3.14 For small signal model, using equation 3.15 aFor exponential mode! in he Sin ~ ine toy > toe =i inte ay 2 Inthis problem jy, ~ fy ~ Ema Using equations (1) and (2) results and using vy = 28 mv AVGMV) AéglMAY Aigtmay sonal expo. ee) i on 0 » sox . 02 wR a 41009 bx: 3.15 visv Se h b= oy, this problem Ye. 2OmV _ 29 Int poem Ate = BMY = 0 9 “Tota ll spl resistance of he Fr ods 2001 Foreach diode ry = 22 = $62 Bury ty and R Exercise 3-3 befor Vy, = 3.V. voltage drop across each stu = 2 = 075.V de 2-0 in he af are" €W ip = S— fh = S—1 = AMA ‘ers ach de he vag dis vn = vant) 2s 10° ora v Voltage deop across 4 diodes 4073 = 2977 sochangein V4, = 3 2977 = mV kx: 3-16 For a vener diode Vu ® Viet bore w= Vv, | 001 x 50 Vi, > OS Fort, = Sma Vg = 95 + 0.005 x0 = 975V b =30 SOV Nuss “Te einimum zener catent shoud be Sk lg = SX 1 = Sm, Since the oa eure can be a large as 15 mA, wwe should select R so thal with /, = IS mA ‘ener curren of $m avaiable Thus the eur Fen! shoald he 20 m9 Leading to 18-36 Bima. Maximum poner dissipated inthe diode cecurs when f= Os 70.0 Pas WS = 12 MVExercise 3-4 Bx: 3.18 Be: 3.19 isv Atno load Vy = 5.1 The diode starts conduction at = Vy = OT 4 = Vesinet, bore Vy = 1248 Mat =0 vy = Yysind = Vy = 07 123sino = 0.7 --92 o> sin 22 inn ‘Conduction stans at @ and stops at 180 ~ 0. ‘Total conduction angle = 180 ~ 20 = 1752° 2m " = & | crsne — voras as = El-Vscoss - Veo Ven’ Mt ELV se080 ~ Vcost = 9) = Vit = 201 a But cos0 = 1, cos(a ~ 6) = and 7-20 > Yo ome % Ms For Vy = 12/3 and Vy = 0.7 V omy = PL 82 « sasyExercise 3-5, «The peak lode caret ose al he peak diode - Ps m= eakeamem = 128=07 _ 165 ma = 07 Now zero op occurs fot angle = 2 — 20) LJ “The fraction ofthe eycle for which 1p > 0 is — Ma= 29) ne = e210 sin (07) bo Ga) = x 100 = 74% Average outpat voltage Vo is Peak diode current fis j= Yeo. B= 07 ® 100 163 ma PIV = Va~ Vn t Vs 1-07 + 18 4 As shown inthe diagram the output i 240 = m2v between (x ~ 8) to ( +0) ars Be 3.21 Here 0 is the angle at which the inputs reaches Vip Vgsind = Vp But cos= 1 cost w= ~ «Peak current ocvers when ¢ nom Peak Corres Vysin(e2)— Vy Y= Yop vay Wry is 12 Viens then VyExercise 3-6 (©) Peak diode current ~ Peak Voltage R = Vs 2¥p . 1ayB= 14 108) = 186 ma, PIV = Vp Vy = 1242-07 = 163 Bx: 3.22 Full wave peak Rectifier: Da “The ripple voltage isthe amount of discharge that ‘eeurs when the dindes are not conducting. The ‘output voltage is given by: tip = Vee ME Vpn Ve = ye ‘alte period. discharge is only Te find the average current, note thatthe charge supplied during conduction is equivalent othe ‘charge lst during discharge. sur = QLose iuut = CV, SUB (@) Ve, tae tee Me Iyat= este = 7B oar ‘where wis the conduction angle [Note the conduction angle isthe same expression ‘forthe half wave rectifier and i given in FQ 3.30 ware Substituting for wAr we get o Since the output is approximately held at Vis qi Mom by. Ths: mde Tm ow te fF +h [rsa fie] eno f= Ois at the peak, the maximum diode current ‘occurs at the onset of conduction orat 1 ~ wat. During conduction, the diode current is given by: ict he oy ath i i tin assuming i, isconst i, ~ SP 4, = cL, cosut) +f CL ,cosmt) —Csinat x oY, +I = ~Csin(—wA1) Xa, + I, fora small conduction angle sin(wA) = wat, Thus: inn © COMIX OV, + hy Sabb) to get: ma fiom = ¢JMEWV, +t cfr SUB © = 2nf sub(adforf anata VRCoF “ese if v2.22] ano Bx: 3.23 “The cunpat voltage, sg an be expressed as ty > Wp = Voge tthe end ofthe discharge interval t= (¥,~ Woo ~ ¥,) Te discharge occurs almost over half ofthe time period = 172 time constant RC >> Z For Keo T V, = Vy Wood sh Here V,, = 12v3 and ¥, = 1 Vig = O8V 1 TeeaK THRE 16) ; 2eepseiog StF Without considering the ripple voltage the de ouipat voltage ~~ 2x08 « AY che the output vokage is 1B- 208-4» ev ‘The conduction angle wA\r can be ebtained using equation 4.30 Y, 2x wat = fe [2X0 - 016 Vy din b= 2x08 rad) = 207° ‘The average and peak diode curents can be calcu ated using equations? 34 and 3 - 35 tone = (t+ 4 ER) te = BY and ¥, = 128 -2%0. iE vey Las 7, airs an f% Inga = (+26 fF) = 2744 PV of the des Ve Yao wav “To keep the safety margin, select a diode capable cof a peak current of 15 «4A and having a PIV rating of 20.V. Bx: 3.24 inp St “The diode has 0.7 V deop at mA cure in = bee Tma © san = vy! For 4) = WMV, vy 1 = 1Omv Inisideal opamp.so i, = i = 0 i, = Wmv Tie = nA Wma i WA) 407 = OSV Tin) 07 iy 25. 10 Vy = vet Wmv 038 + 001 = 059 For = 1¥ yey AYip = te ike ~ Tt % = OT Vy = OV 4 UKE Ema sary For yy © 1 V, the diode is cutoft ov V, = =12V because its ideal amplifier Ee 3.25 }—0 x, " Rote 17 20 ~ diode is ewotr ty = OV ncon ide conducts and opamp sinks load Bx: 3.26 1K Both diodes are eu-off for -$5 545 and 1, 0 Exerclee 3-8 For 1 s-5V Diode D, condes and ~seley selene) (-25-#)v For y=5V Diode D, conduets and ty 2 $54 My 5) (se3)v Bx 3.27 Reversing the diode results i the peak outpot voltage being clamped at OV: Here the de component of uy = Vo = —SVExercise 4-1 of le= emt Yee ~ Maes = Vein (2) ses = 100 +25 [24] = or mv ney = 700+ 2510 [2] 25 x 29.9336 = 748 mV > 158 mv bn 46 4.2 “ Vee 45V mn Royse < Wri" isoet ke 098 <0 < 0993 ious rc Bx 4.3 2 fe den le =1460 mA=0.01446 m9 Ble = 146 mA, ee var = 690 nV te = ma For active range Vo = Vp Retmax) = Yec= 0.650 7 I= WA Areag = 100% Areay. Noe = 100% 15 = 107 A Bx 4.8 iw tell ge ete forig= 0 Bx: 4.5 Given: Ig = 1A, B = 100, te = LA ar = tye + be = beef +Exercise 4-2 Be: 4.12 visy Fig 612 B= 100, Vgp = OR Vat le = Ema Vaes~ Vary ~ Vela Ves! teal 250693 = 0.01733 | Blsel ts Vex = 0817 V em 100 FPF 100 x 100 = 109 02219 ~ 22.2 Bx 4.10 Iyer tg = Be ama = Shoe te? w 25 2510 Be 4.11 mT ASA pints 10") ao 2s 25734 -iny 643 mv > 50,Vjg = 07V Vp = V_-07V= 0-07 = -07v = 07+ 10 te = “8A 10K 093 mA = 1.6 mA v=o fe ok = 001 ma ears ~ 65 ma, Ye 168 a LS om» 1 pote 16s 6 by Vem Veo # tee Woe 165% Exercise 4-3 Bx 4.15 2mA ake -3v Vie decreases approx 2 mV/°C rise for MFC rise Vg = -2 30 60 nV AV, = -@ mv Sinee Ji eonstant J, is constant 4 AVe = OV Bx 4.16 B orp oF = he 1 6 Bin + inFigtay PCE sein FigibyExercise 4-4 Bx 4.17 ~Ys Ww OTe — 7 10 05 ma Vor + Toe 07+ 10x 001 osv (b)edge of saturation veg = 03 V wo-03 97 1 = 92 = astm « 0K To” OST mA Je © Tel = 091/50 = 00194 mv Bx 4.18 a " Vg = 0.7 + 0.0194 x 10 = 0.894.V (6) saturated Veg = 02 V Te = (10~02)/10 = 098 md Jy = Te BF = 098/10 ~ 0.098 mA, Vy = 0.7 + 0.008 x 10 = 168.V z Fx: 4.20 Nar HV Kees SY Yun 4 Fie 4.18 7 r By similar ages ABD v ACE 1. Ak 1K Sk ry Wee ve o iw Fig 6.20 For Vag = 0 Ky nao ts Teansistor is OFF ° ‘ fe=0 mi We = Veo= take i v=o hoy Re 1k B= 50 avactive Vee SVVo ov ty le orn STK —Ve 0 For Vag = LTV ty = Wot te™ Bln = 5001 = SmA Vos = 5x 1k 4SV > Vyp (0 Active) (4) edge of saturation Ver ~ 03 ‘eo Ver. 1003 fe = Yoo Ver « W508 (b) deep saturation yep 02V Jy = 0.1 mA (unchanged) Je Brawealy = 10X01 * 1 ma, Re = 9202 = o8ko Tima kx: 4,22 Hov tig 4.22 Atclge of saturation yp = O3V Vor = eRe 034 tek Tele + Rel +03 1, = 9=02 ~ ars areas Vow = Wee + 07 = 122833407 -47V Exercise 4-5 Bx 4.23 +10v +4y osm’ “Ve : Ve +10v Yu 47k 02v aaKo ov Brecat = 5 Then l= Sly ha6h w-02 te STATS 6X = 0.200mA Vn 6x33 aay Va Ve 4 07 sisvExercise 4-6 Ex: 4.25 voy s10v 1SV Re aa sorv— 100k }), oav 03 Lye 03 T*. i v fe tin sop = 150 -10v Inactive range w SOT v=0 fe op = O03 ma 407 V, lowest fr lagest 8 be hop = 465 mA Rens 1 0991, = 13th Reo & For 8 = 50 099 4.65 Y= 10 ~ 50% 0083 = 678V = 22k0 Forp = 150 [Wamax) = 0+ 07-04 +0) v.=03V Bx 4.26 Ex 4.28 nov Hisv { Ym ska. tov B30 5x50 - Vn = BEM 2 sy nek 130 ky = 9592 93x ay = SO] 100 ees vows a wv he Yan Var - RvR BOT Pn rn Rye 17) 1 31 07 v3 Lisa,Exercise 4-7 0 te B= a5 ma change = 128115 change ae 39.8% as “Total current drawn = 0.103 + 1.252 + 2.75 ma = 4.135 ma, Power Consumed = V1 15% 4135 = 62 mW 8 100 Jes unchanged Je unchanged Vis = Veo = 07¥ ve Ie, om = 101 gs ror 18 Hence ve [aerag or ae nn Hoar ov ve = 100 ¥ ve Ve or 07 100) io 626 he 1a ma Ex: 4.31 Ie 5-07 “io T0051 = 01039 ma Ans: Ye -394V Bx: 4.32 OV, by Ge ov te, v,+07 ssv lass io 045 aa, Obey 48 heats as 4.35 m0 1x 0 fe 96 << 30 dy, Sat" on Be Dy 78 mA X Sat® ot 1p3 48 A vy fi iv 1) 248A10 “ons Veg = WB = 20V ne > Waker. Wa? aan Veg Swing = 20-03 = 17 Ay» Mex Woe 1V al fe. sma fn 20mav B30 B= 20 20maNV ex: 4.37 B10) fe tims \ gomary ry Be as x Ww ae Exercise 4-8 320 viv Bx: 4.38 nisv a woKn tour | Sima En 1s-1 Nain = Ve = as a5 TR x10=5V Nan FoR Aye) 10) — 400 > 0.005 sinor 2sin wt (0) IW) fy + thet) 104 2sinar (Ay Fx 4.39) © tat adisBx: 4.40 092 ma “10v Change Reto 7.5 KO Vo= -10 +092%75 =-RIV iy = 276% 10 my 276¥ Be 4.41 ov gue or ol ~ wR qpoz Pima Ie = Uma 10 0.99 m 1c = 1 ama H 0.09 tq = Gh = 9.0009 ma Ve = 10 8 «099-248 Vp 10 0.0089 > ~0099 ~01V Vp = 01-07 = -0Rv cise 4-9 wen few BB = mommy 253K 400 thus etfect of ry is = 3.9% Bx @4.41 Av ~ ~falto! Red Ry > oll Rod Rul, RAR, ol RRL GoD ROTR, trol Red Ry) fa ® bx: 4.42 Fore 1m fe LBA ay maiy i” os 6 1045 Be xe my A 1 one eT asin (ry | Red = —40¢5 | 100). - 976Exercise 410 ote = TAS = SZ noasan = 500 Tor 7 a Ry = Sk+ (B+ 03S 40.4 KO Bleol Reb Ri) _ 100% 10 Rigt By WO Fad =~ 198vv For fc #05 mA and Re Be 4.44 Je A OS an m pone 1 om Ba Boas MAN oe Wo soKa 25ko 200 Ke san Ayo = ~20(200 kf 10x) Avo = Saltoll Re) = take 005 viv 40%5 = 200vV Ro = Rel ta ‘00 ww iy = 100 ~ 10K 200% aes = 95k _ = 10s x5 ay 5495 =~656vN G, = te Lxo56 ~ -msvw Hos - 50 Desay mt 32 poh = mv lied = 32.8 x 10m = 033. mee © 25/50 = OS mA Ay = + eee = 20S = ION VV be 443 6, = bea = sow aw Ya 8 aah Ry 2 Bx 4.46 k & ki = 80/20 ~ 488 LT bs re BER Vy Rr HUB DR k refs 7 fy = BEBE and og = aN Re 1 Bs 100 ue . = BE DR,Exercise 411 = 054 101%! = 105k Gyo = MR, moved, ro = >I mths . O54 101 ogy Tor R, a ty RytR,” diorey ONY Bx 4.47 Veo #12 Ay = 4Re ipgiven 2. maximize Re WRe+ 24034 TR Vee 07 RAR TBA Ret R BTN Sa Ret Ry MBH 1) = A3kO For independence from B, set Ry = OCOK for Cp) 2 Rp = 43K Ve(min) = ¥p+03.V = 03 VCQ = Vetmin) +2V = +10 = hima ee cecnange = HM= 0937 9p re = Hence - = nasi “tone Be 4.49 Design 2 wey % nav Ky c B= 100 4 ovExercise 412 (cont) Ve-¥, fy H Yt. ies—07 = 77 Ko Using $¢ resistors: Re= TSKOR, = IDEA 074 1pRy§ leRe~ Veo = 0 Ww -07 "MWB Jy = 992 Ie = OLX Ty 1,002 ma, Ve = 107.501.0029 = as Bx 4.50 Vex Jerr fe ¢ Cy Os “Vi Yn 10V Bo 100k, = WOK Ro TSKO Jy = Te/AB ON) fe 100 = 001 ma Vg = Om IgRy = ~1¥ Ve = Va O7V = 19 = Boxcix7s = 92 phy xix7s = r2srv ® Yoc=07+ Ver. 193 - ann 7 Taee ry 4.51 Retort Fig E451 Jes ay Tama By > BOL ma Ve Week = 2¥ p10 89L im) = AY po bear nay B= 100: upper timit=> Vee~ Wp = 8 lower value > Vp Ve = OV there Vee May) Swing: -14-2=-34V B = 50: upper sill 8V, lower 31 = 0.0196 mA 50 Vy = ~1.96.V =1.96V ~04—2= -44V 8 = 200: upper sit 8V, lower => Ly = 0.005 mA so Vy = -05V =05~04-2= -29v v= 10 r= 12 = soos Je Am Be = Be OMA n= B= Ww Be gh = 25mm =a or Bx: 4.52 Example 4.50 a Porn 25en Ri = Ral re © 10H) 25 = Dat KO Avy = Role = ~40 x8 > =320,V/V Ry Re BRA Aug = Aalto H Re | Ry) AO 3S hoviv Ry = roll Re = WOO} 8 — TARO Aye © Balto 1 Re) Wx 74 = =296.VV 3.1 Ret Ry v= 1s mv Re 39.115 = S86 mVExerclee 413 Example 4.50 no dOmAN or, y= 100K ¥ tag = SHO Rem re + QHD, Ry = Rall Ry = AX Rug = 20K R= 100K oarke ~ 23.0 4008) waa ~ “RY ; =HeRel RY Gy = ge ie Reps de, eR OY ae ay = DK OR Gy way = Erna Nove: withoat Re Ay = gue f RD 23 Vv swith Re: Vig _ 5420 5 ie = $420 - Soy. = 625m it, = ERB = Savy, = 625mv wo, ig = OSL Bay, sav smV (25) 100) 1 Wel = MiP Ay = 5124 ~ 62 mv Br: 4.54 4Omav v= 100 oun = 100 ree 25K a= 099 20 = 1m R= na 2580 “Faa(Rel Fo) 40x 10°" x (Bk || 100k) -296vNv Raa ry = 7440 tea(Rell Re rod = 40% 3 = 120VV Lot Rte, OTS 0.008 VV500 2oKe Mo = (B+ Di(rod RD ¥y_ iB + Grol Ri) 4 Ex 4.56 blank Exercise 414 ta Hem r+ (B+ rol RD 05+ (101)20} 1) 96.7 st Ay = Rall Ry = 40] 967 = 28340 G, = Yen iy Yo vy, R, (B+ rol Rd REF Rig” (RT Ry) + B+ Der, + oD) RD = 0796VKv = My OK 090" WRT BR se 51 200) Gyo Gy = 08 IV Roa = Toll e+ UR RAB + VD = 20] 10.05 + 0.079] ks =s0 fy = VX Urol n) _ 001 098 fy = “2X Uol 1) - O01 098 49 T woos 1 ForRQQ 0S 10 20 GN) 068 07350765Bess Cap = Sw MELE 8 gas (ym? by = 480 cm? VS eC, = 388 ASV? = (tes ¥) = 05 V 1 Wyo oe = KEV yee Ho sus for Tk" £ 1 = 018 wm, so W = 0.93 wm Be s2 ¢ BS OFM. a9 Fyn i aam by = $80 em? VS. BC ye = OT WAY tn = 20 Vow = 0.40 V. Vicia = Yow = 940 V, for saturation Bx:5.3 fy Change in J, is (a) double L. 0.8 () double W, 2 ‘modulation) () changes (a) =) 4 (6) would cause leaving saturation if Vox < Vo ly Wy2 to = ah T ov = 0.25 mA forall Ups = Voy = 05 Ve Bx:56 50x08 = 40, Vp = LV >Vyy = 05 V = Saturation: Ip = 1 200 x 18 x asta + es In = 4% 200% 38 x as*c1 + 0025.1) = 051 ma = 2. 02s ma x 1sv om v= -1¥, Kn 60 pA Mo 10h, © aa wary? (2) Conduction occurs For Yes ores ¥ HVS FAY, (by Triede region oeeurs FoF UI, Vip or ty ~ ys —1 fe) Conversely. for saturation pity (Given d = 0 TBA ww, z [aul = 05 V = tos VyExercise 5-2 w= +35. Ys vet 45V. (e) Pork = —002 Vand [Voy = 05 V. Ip = TS pAande, = = 667 ko 1 ian, Ary, = av. Le Yiveata «unite fo = 5K Fo + least) = 75 WAL) = 78 pA AV = OV. Ip = 7S WACLID) = 825 pA Wes ave Bos 2 BV = gt kn Bly ~ 35 pA x5 Ley Ly 0 Hy Corte Voy 903 — Lx Fo = pinGong Vow 08 = 3 * Top iw = Voy = 05 V=3 Vax = asst isv Ve-¥, a s To A, Ry 7k v9 OSV Co, © 94 MAL 18-08 TEMA 19 ka, Bx: 5.10 + 1av R x Fy a From Exe. $9, Vay OR Vy Vi, = OS Vy Vow = 03V. Jy = 72 WA (saturation) At the tiode/saturation boundary Vp ™ Vor = 03 Ry = AX2 = MBKN Vag = 5 Vy Assume triode region: Flos ~ VWs ~ — Yo = Vos ® = Vig~ RaRY,, + 04 ~ 0 3 Vyy © O05 V = Vy =o triode 1 5 = 005 _ a8 Bx: 8.2 As indicated in Example 3.5 Vac = ¥, foe the sransstor 1 be in 02 ma region,Vo wa = VorVe = S-1 av Yop —¥; Ip = 05 mA R, ab Sh nie ‘omen Tp 0 oot = ake Rx: 5.13, Ip = O32 mA = Voy = 08Y Vos = O8 +1 = 18V Vo = Ve4 Vor = 16 +18 Bax Rar Vs ® Vor 9 Vy = Voy + Ve Vp 08 +16 = 24 e Assume Vp = 34Y, then Ry = sen x: Sad iav md ty, Vy = 0a v Ke Ot masy? Ww. 10 um : Ls wok, = 556 mAs V E> oa wm Voy = <6 4 Vy = LO 18 [yk = O8V. for Vay = 06 ¥ ty = Hv 2, = 04 ma R= 00 Exercise §-3 Re 55 1% ~ 0: Since the cieuit is perfectly symmetical V, =Oand therefore Vag=0 which implies the transistors ar tamed off nd Jpy = top V, = 25 Vi If weassume that the NMOS is turned on then x, would be less than 25 V and this implies that PMOS is of (Vgsp> 0) toy = vy 2sv roe v-25ve— Yo wo = txias-v,-1y on 5 yy = OSS = V5) AO: Ve = Rugg = (01, Igy ~ OSAS—10Iyy)° = 100F3. — = 0104 ma Tgp = 02 ¥y = 10% O4OE LOEW Vi, = 25 V: Again if we assume thit Qpis en V,> —2.8 Vand Ves) <0 hich implies the NMOS Qy is tarned of foExercise 5-4 1, leMiy, - 1, Beg Mau = Wel? Yo 10 yy May = Wy +18 inf Ea, slope ~ VIDE mA=2 V,, ~~ 10% 0108 = Lowy " Fx: 816 Von v= ody. eS fm ; Voo ~ 18V. poe Var NOV. + w = 1 Vg = 18 ky ska By = 17S KO 3) Vip 02 Vay 2 OAV. , AMV oy = 800 BAY A amar! i hoo For Aye egy ~~ 105 make (A) Cuot Saturation Boundary ky = 125 ko Was = VO Vict = ty = RY Ns 06 Vis fy = 08 mA. (15) Saturation! Tris Boundary ea Maye th Wo 4. vo oe Ao) keep Ry) = 178.KSE 2 tus [Wan = Akaltas = Vip'Rp] = Oo Bak Stl WAVY Moy ELK S802, OR tag FOOSE = ad Vor = 0.48 V BB Ui5— iy t= Yay = O54 V. fy = OOH mA tas = 613 V.. 0.1585, ; Ym LY. y= 97 WA ee ty = Oat V (CIF Hane Vn = 1S Yo ie Voy AY Ry Foy = OV = 19 A ts wos +f, Vole Yasle Von oii mv. nar 1Design for A= 22 = 25, Ry = 500 kD Rally = 25 = honky ken Y= Yon iam Ry = 26K. = BMD ToRy (fav yey 3h oy eatVoy = 125 Vow ant Vow = Von ¥,~ tty = 43 ~ 128 Yay Yor = 0310 V ke = MOUALY hy = HS Vos = Yor + fen = 04 268) V, av. Som |b 4g Ley | abo Exercise 5-5 ia Bete Been 1 nea = Er 2 ar520 Yo inf F Ry i Yoo = SV. Vo = 2, wey. K=O parv? fy = 1040 Wo 7 200 uA fos Ay = ey (@) %, ~ 02 sinor ¥ Uy. © 08 sinew, Uns © Vg + Uy. 9 22S Ups 38 V. (e) Using 5.43) tn = May YO 1 UAVs Vide + bah ut Meet She iy = 20 WA + (80 wA)sinuat + (8 wArsin'wrExercise 5-6 = [200 + $0 sinwr + (4 ~ 4 cose) nA Ip sbiftsby 4 pA 2uD 4A 0 eA Ex: 5.21 Mp ites Dee Geto peo x40 LS 1 Jy = 300 WA = 03 MA, Yor ~ OSV 12 maly, by hx we wr oss Ww n> LSS MALY a eens) 522 Jy = OL mAs gy > EMA, R= SORAIV av Cov yy Same bia conditions, so BCE Moe Same bias and g for bath PMOS ‘same Vy ad also same and NMOS, HaCaally = agCaglhy BE = Od = me ve as Bx: 524 = Mee ty = AE Vs0 — WAY «bx 60% Sx ae— 1" 3x00 M8 xa6~ 0) Ip = 216 pA 720 paly 0.72 malv d= 001 Vy VAX = Vy Los wma, = 10 viv Be 8.26 570) Ay, = ~ Reto Po) 15.72) Ry = Roll to Avot Re tay eRe Ry Ags a, = neko NOR R Ag > —8alBal RY > —RalRoll rl Red (5.78) 25.27 pd,Exercise 5-7 Ip = 0.25 mA, Voy = 025 V, A Vv, = 50 Atete ~ Belo To) = —BoRo $)a9 mar vnc key Ro > Rall ro = Ry = 20K0 - to Ay = Ge = ~se(Rol ry Rd x: 5.30 CD amplifier 1 ~aa(Rol Ry) = 20 VIV 100 = gq = 10 MALY for Gye = (0%) 2Vyy = 005 VY. u My _ 2p iy = (Ayie| = ve we Ge GGA S lo = LS mA 528 oe ost y. ko A ot mv. "AMS 100K + a= 1000 o9v Assuming V9 From Ex $27 a fn = 2 ms CD fore ftlower) in somv ; Ruy © 200 = hag, = SMAIY Pek, 200 mv : Rem ASAD * ov = A MAT) Gy Ay Tali B20 g (was vy2¥ = so le In ~ LM vd, = 01628 ma 2» ue Gy = tat ali for Ko R= OK O83 © G = 09%Exercise 5-8 Bx: $32 ~ TH eer A Ny, for v, gy = 090 = —! oe Vay = 040, ty Noe 4a Bx S.3 1 od bys =) Vos © 2 WF Y,= 15 V then L ty = Axixe- My 0s Vs—Vp = hh Ry = 62k0 I we choose Ry = Ry = 6.2 kO then 1, will, lightly change: XD Wes — 1 Also Vis = —Vs = 5~ Ral Up = A~ 6p)" 9 3BAMI;, — S161, +16 = 0 3 I, = 049 mA, 086 mA 120.86 results in V,> Or V,> V0 acceptable, therefore fy = 0.49 mA Vom 5462 x 0a9= 196 Vi=5~ 62 0492 +196V A, should be selected in the range of 1 MEL 10 10 MQ. have tow curr 35 = os ma = tM vie VE Bp = OS md = SEV 29 Viv os x2 Vow = 129 Vy = Vp => Ry = Ry, ~ 62 AM standard value, For this Ry we have to eealelate J: 1x Vey — nv (es > Vn = Yon ~ Roly) Vp = 5-62-4049 = 1.96 ¥ Fx: 5.36 Using Eg. 3-53. ww. erry, Shay © 08%) lage | OL MA Le) yo, oe vt a= MQ) vy eer = 1 = A(T) Vane Vin = KZ gases tyy OSV on Veg Vy A, 2 SY By = S41 = asyExercise 5-9 Por ry 9 Ry = Re ATMO Aggy % ~ Ray = = 1S Ray Ry = ISK For ry = 150 RM, Ry = 1S kM Re 47 MO Ay = ~BalRoll 10) = ~136 at ob op = 136 KO k : ; = -10 ne Ls i = 25.V4 GMOS Vp) 1 428 Vp. sims sperinposed pom —o ~25V a25V de voltage. res39 eas > _ 3 Ves = V, + Voy © 25V — ° va = 0 7) 1 Vy = -25. B Vo = Yoo ~ InRn +25 ¥, = = mary te = EV oy © EMA = 50 ko yn rot Bs "Ry Fru PRAT * Rata) 2%, rok Bayo ¥ s(* Rare)‘sing @) = LaBaroly Ca Ry = Ret te). aes ko Tate busedon Ry = 1S. K. ro = 180 Ky fe = Tims Be: S40 Forother Ro ie won ion KP Exercise 510 150 KO Re [a7 Me u7 Mo Ro [10 [ooo ‘A, [0938 0932 1 ko 0993 ka 6, 0.768 Ex5a2 See the next pageExercise 5-11 sing ey. (5.107 Ye Mg tt $F Vey Poel V, = 08 + 04{/07 43 — JT) ¥,= 123VExercise 5-12 Bx $43 Vag = 41VY, = -2V Vg~¥ =3V ‘TO OPERATE IN SATURATION REGION: Vora = Yas" ¥e = 3 in = KM (Veg ~ v9? in = PM Wer~ v0) Las = omaBx: 6A.1 (a) The minimum valve of /, occurs ‘when Vou 02 and = O.L, that is Lye M Iw = 5 eC Von = OBA ‘The maximom value of fy occurs when Y OAV and 100, that larrange of curreat in an npn transistor, we have yeteny x: GA.2 Foran NMOS Fabricated inthe 05 the sm pres, wi M10, we wa transconductance and the intrinsic gain obtained for the following drain currents: (2. 0.5m) (iY Ty = 10) WA, 8 Pes ac (190) HA v LETOXTOR TD = 02 MA Vy 2 Wak. = 1Mo iowa 2m x 200 ¥ + gare = 0298 v1 = 20 ¥ Por Jy = 100 BA we ba: 100 ke tn WO RA ger, = 062 MA se WO KD = 62 Ve v Exercise 6-1 = 274 x 0Kn = 26 v/' sare 7 2A x 10K = V/V Bx:6.A.3 For an NMOS fabricated inthe 0.5 ym ‘CMOS technology specified in Table 7.A.1 with = 05 ym, W= Sym, and Vy = 03V We have 190 BA S x03? vas *® SHA 057 masv a3V 2x05 ASS wa ~ r= O67 VV n7ka Gu me Cy 2 xsx05%38~ 04x oP XSKOS x 38~ 04 x5 Cy © BIER Cy = ConW © 04x 5 =2 0 Sn RET Ea Sr 88GHx Ex 6.1 Fert obi, neo (6-2 7), 2) Sin Feety = WA, sa > PAGRIWATY AON pw) = 0.28 mA sing eg. 16.15 pus A, = SOVExercise 6-2 For ¥, ® Moy, yok a re Ro £ 100» Tmaw ~ SM OV 500 n ka PAX + somo = fay = MALY) (500 KO) ~ 2000 V/V AL= gating = MANY (3000 500 KD) = 1000 vv Since all wansistors have the same W 22ym Fes. 4th halved: OSM apg 7 O36 um weave Wal = Walt tu = Fo Joy = NO WA 1M] = 5 Von 1375 ¥ sae pwc) do NG), Mom = WM Wa). 20. gg Wo? ty, ORV) = Prcas7 wary) (22 12d may we vy Wa $8 nm OD Ae 5 Coo TF Wonl (1 Walls — 6V gem (03 lke Yam O36 gm) — 946 ‘0.1 ma are ke Orallted Y 203 A> = (124 mAV) U8 KO 216M naveExercise 6-3 al wansistors ate identical andthe gate voliages are fixed, Vou = 07-05 = 02 V Vou = Var = Var ~ Ye Yor = 10-03-02 = 03 V the lowest Vig: cam 208 |Vyy) = 02 V Voss + Vnsz = 03-402 = 05V Vous = 0.7 V Ver #11 + Mod = 08+05+02 = 15.V Vgos €an 20 as Tow as iy. 90 Vi ¥oi~ Vintg, = 1S=02 = 13V = Ke Roy (aahaday = 2 mAVIUO KY 200 kad Roy = estates) © mANVIO ROY 2a) kw R, Ray © 100 KO ay = fend? © 2 mavico Ky 2 7! Ay =~ 200. VV Ip 025 ma 26.7, = 12. Bee The = Fy O25 VE 2 2 maw no Wee SY “Tp 025 mA aoe (a) From Fig. 6.13 Rye by ia teed Ron el Ry Ww PmAWV © (mA) ED) = 09+ Zoe k= 1M hy, ~ 5000+ EMO. 285 ke R,~ WwoKn %q = 5000 + WOK _ 3 Ko R, = 20K0: R,, = 5000 + KD 0 R= 0 R, ~ 300042 = 05 Ko 5 3 (6) From Fig. 6 13 Ro > ret Ret ha dRy Rao Ry = WKA+O+ (OVO) = 20K Ry ko. Roy = RAT KO + OLD = OL KA Re = 10RD: Ky = 20K + 1A + (40)10 KD) = 430K Re = 20 kD: Ry = KO 20RO 4 40)20kO) = 810K Ry > 100 ko: Ry = 20K0-+ 100 KO = 140)¢100 KY = 412 MO bx. By,Ys. 2 Tp ~ Ot wA $0. (ate) = TmMAVOOKM) = 20 (a) For A, = 20K0,, Rt tes Tears Ae = ~HaaCraall Riad) = =] mANVQOKE 19K) = If we use the approximation of eg. 16 « 35 wx Kn 2042049 - Lora avy Hither method is corre! ‘continuing, from eg. 46 . 3. Ay © =9mllgmeraaro dl Rel Ay = <1 mANV{L20)20 KO) 20 KY = 1908 viv = Av . =W08 ay, > S132 (0) Now. for R, = 400 kD, ~ 105 VV maw Ay © =P MAW OKO] 21k) = -102 VV Ay = <1 mANE20)20 KO} 400K} 200 vw Ay = At 196 ay Ex:6 - he circuit of Fig.6.14 ean be modeled as = -Keko so, the ain remains the same It, connected wo the ote. p= he or, Aen pag ako, a ae lr TW geht rahe, R R ~ leer da 1+ gas), Ex: 6.10 Yep eee tay BLT) Mins els, (6) The miniumum voltage allowed across euerent source 1, would be [Vou — 0.2 Vif made with single transistor. Ha. No si allowed A sscing is tobe ne drain of), the highest de bias voltage would be Voy= Wont = Lt Xie ws-02- Lion Lssv (Yeo Yo Wort + WVipi = 02 #08 = OV 07-085(4) Since current source sis implemented with a scoded current source similar to Fig.6 10 the ‘minimum voltage required across it for proper ‘operation is 2Vow = 200.2 V) = 04 V (6) Feom pars (c) and (2), the allowable range of ignal swing athe output is from 0.4 V to 1.55V = Vow or 138 V. 50, 04V= Vos 135V x6 - UReterring wtp. 6-19, op = (easfeatou 3) and Ru = UarFeaMtonll 2) 17 and Qy canbe selected an oy nd se ery High and have isigiicant effect (>>, then, Ray = Castor Rep = (Bastoras Nee fare = Bo Roy = Bata Since Av = — ea (Rg | Re [Atal = &ai(Botoel Brtosd 12For the npn trasistors, Bat > a = Yama r wa aso rot "Wd From Fig 6.19, Row = (Barto 6, SAMOS KEES KO! 1S KE) or a For the pp tanssons Wd oma sn te MA may r ry = & 50 | 625K ere a Bina ~ OFS Re ay ron ton ary " VW 02ma, " Pag © ast toad Fes) ( maWy(20 LONOKE | 628K) ky We ke AL = Hei Ron Rog) (8 MAY) (1.67 MO 0782 MOY A, = =4.186 VV Exercise 6-5 ‘Ar Occurs whee Q and Qy are selected and bias sothat roy and roy are>> r, Then, Roy = (Reaor’'ee ™ Bator Roy = WOO2SkN) = 25M Fog = UasForres = Bator Ray = 520k) = IM Final Aguae = “(8 MANS MER} LO-MEL) Avaas = “STAIN eld = AMA. 4 ay +1384 Vv, mv 40 mV 100 25 a ska OV . oka 10 ow Referring to Fig. 6.20, roll + Bol Rel re] roxafi +40 ACOs cng 25k) v 1767. out R (thats, R, =O), 1oKa R= ro Bucs .14Fig.6.249) Bat = PCW TE tar ~ 2200 BAZ VV25)0100 nA) tar = 1A, Ge = te = LA ed Ora Ky * Uaatundrorll fon) (4 mAV(50 KO\.50 LOY 25K “C1 AVN 3.33 MY aaa a Oy -3an x 10! vvFig. 72106) Yoo Vesof Vpn 0- From part (a. mA ay an = AA ry = SOKO Pal Tyg ry = 15 KL ety > AAW Prom Fig. 6-19 Ry Ry > teat 30. Ry = CLMAVY(SO KAYE MAYES RED) (30K 254A) a, = 167 MO Aug = ~aeilt masvile™MQ) 668 % 10" VV x26 . 15th the current source of Example 6 25 wehave fy ~ 100 pA and we want to redoce the change in output current, 3. corresponding toa LV hunge in oop vole, AV, 10 1% of Yo 2 pois 2 LY = ODL 100 A raze EY ema Tea Vax XL ro, = SE i a = Ob fa Tir a, 100. Vim Fis keep Varo the matched transistors the same =) Sym stot ample. 28! of be tomie should rermn the same. Thotefore Exercise 6-6 pi = um w = 50 wm Sum tum a So the dimensions ofthe matched transistors Qy ‘nd Qy should be changed to: W = 50 wm and L= Spm Bx:6 16 For the circuit Figure® -7we have ws owrny h Nee GV7E, 4 tri), = 1S /bs at 9 1A neal chan! engis ar eat bye ly = ee bs = Em and Tey = 10 wAsty = 60 As ty = 20 nA, I= 1 = WwAand f= 0 pA. we haw: fa ha Ww, ° b> henge 2 ro MegMs Is a0 ow, In onder to allow the voltage a the drain of Q3 10 ‘20 down to within 0.2 V ofthe negative supply Volage we need Vpy3 = 0.2 V te Enc.) Hoy Gna ~ 3200 BAT) 029" L (9),~ apap Bam Bx w. Ws W, = 15 ym. 42 = oy = M2 = 25 um we 12 ’ w Ws dogwy = 2% W) = Sm Ww, " In order to allow the voltage atthe dexin of Qs 10 20 p fo within 0.2 V of postive supply we need Vote WM) Von vo wn Lt 8() aay wy) 2x80 - = = DIM = 5014 (2), soxa3s 0 ym soow, = Mm 125 pmExercise 6-7 Bx: 6.19 25 um, Wy = 1S am, Ws = Sym See next page: 125 mm and Ws = 50 am 1.7 From equation 6 72 we have: m Y= Var 1 af ® 44207) m Ii =02) «mma 100K Ve f Royer Ye tow a Q + From equation 6.74 we have: Ice _(y 4, Yo Vee to ml Vomin = Veusar = 03 V For ¥, = $Y, From equation 6-74. have: trl) 9297 (1 1 $207) — astma 1 teri! * Saba 4 a oly | : have he fs ta ~ leteen Feogay tT tees) 1 Iaoggy than ot toe Meter = Hey 4 few Bp bay gt 1 beagg{t ht B Gina 1 beep tt! we From") wehave Fedgee 1 tne > Exercise 6-8 wet faa = Neoqyy* Honey Jase ledger WT ® Foran err not exceeding 10% we need: Sau Sie ena 09,0 meal ena Nat Olay ISO p> NeIstews ‘The maximum numberof outputs for an error not exceeding tobe lessthan 10% then we need Ne10. To this ease the maximunt number of outputs for nd errr of less than 10% is N= 9.Exercise 6-9 Bx:6- 20 Refering © Fig. 6.32 Ins = Fos = Iran * 100 BA In = Fos ‘The minimum output voltage is Veet 2Va, = OS V +2023 V) = 096 V "To obtain the output resistance, Ro, We need ga los = 101A) 5 987 may a ‘ov 2 Vv a sn = tan (5¥/m(036 pm O1mA = 18 KO. Fromeg. 6-77 Ryo Wastostaa = WORT MAZVICIS KOY 292k For the Wilson: 46 .80we have jarr from the equation = 0.9998 nee Be a= tne 199 = 02% hus! Tae ‘whereas forthe simple minor from equation 6-69 we have: 098, fw” 148 ve Hata 09-28 Fert witer care ior eve 100 10 1 3 tesinpe ioe R= r= 10080 tree tere cones Re MO and for Example 6.6 wwe have kee mre vs. 100Y. £ ro = Yt = WON. i. 250 kt oT pA OMT or the current source in Fig6 3 7awe have Re = ra = fy = OME Foc the curent source in Fig.¢. 9 from equation 6.98 we have: Roa WF gael lr InBxample 6-6Re = Ry therefore, ska, R [! +0 BAILS KO 250 xay}10 Ma =r, = SIMOBe 7.1, Referring to Fig 7.3 I Ry is doubled t05 K. Von = Ye = 15- UBMs) < 05 Veiga, = Yet ¥p = 05 405 = + OV ‘Since the currents Ip, an Fpp ate stil 02 mA cach, Ves © O82 80.Vering = =1SV 404v 4082 V = -028v ‘So, the common-mode range is 028 V LOY Vast Ves + Ves ke 7.2 (a) The Vale ofthat eames Q cont the entire caren is LF Vy +», B< 0316 ~ 045 V the, Vin = Van 1% Ry 15-04 x25 =05V Vin = Van # 1SV (8) or, cont the etn caren vg = “WB Vow # 048 V the, Yo ~ Vow = 41S Vip = 150425 = 05V {) Ths the differential outpat range is Vo ~ Voi ftom 15-05 ©) 1V wos Is=-1v px 7.3 Refer to answer table fr Exercise? - wher val: ‘vet wete obtained in the Following Way: 2 = Hier? som Exercise 7-1 + Yee = Vy Vor [20 MA - 9ry oma, (100) fa Ay = &utRoll ro) Ay = (mAs V\(S KI] SOK) = 18.2. V/V 1 = 200 WA. forall wants 200 ps = 100 nA 1 = 2(0.8 jum 036 wm se to (LOY sum) (0.36 yum Oma (),- @), 21100 pad (400 WAT V0.2 VE los Lyae(2) a “ 2p & HaCalVord 2000 6A) Sy (100 eV)? (200 ware 3 ov bmary, An Sasltanl tos) = wv {mA VIGO K [| 36K)Exercise 7-2 by 7-6 L = 240.18 wm) = 036 um tro = Wat Vol “The drain core forall ranssorss ty = b= MOKA — p00 nA fq = WON AwM(O6 pin) ag ° 0.1 mA, jek Retring to Fig7 120) Sie In = buaCu( Va? et Os @),-@).- 0° @, Ip __ 21100 wd) inea¥on) 400 WA V(02 Vy (7), °° >, 2p, _20000 wa) BaGaVon TOD WA/VO2VE For al ransisors. ee lel, = O1MME) ary Fal3~ 03) From Fig.?.12), Rae = us TosdFon = (LMA VICE KY = 1.296 Mo as Fosdfoy = (LMA YY36 Mo 12 Using eq? 38 As = Bui Real Rag) = (1 mA/V1296( MARI) 1.296 May ons vv Ex 7.7 "The transconductance for exch transistor is from eq? 35 the diflercntal yin for matched Yor = Yo Va Rp sales is. ee Ry se ignore the 1% here. Ay > Be Ry = MATYAS KY From ey. 0.49 Via. AR Wa FR vey Bon {900549 qe vw wana) = 20 tgio MA,» 20 tg ( ie i) = 86 aB Be 7.8 From Exercise 7-7 WIL = 100,p,6,(02 mAs"), 1 _ 08 ma fy = Be . w fe” Paco Flo = {202 mA7VVOON(OA mA) fe = AmArV using eq 64 andthe fact that Reg = 25 conan ~ (22s) . 24 mA/V925 KY — 99, oyp (2) 01 Bm CMRK(AB) = 200g (20.000) = 86 4B = 04 ma B79 +5 Ke t= 407 +03 veLo, tee SVE KOZ ka sv Hx: 7.10 Vee 4 rasy Re = Ska 04 mA 2sVv VrExercise 7-3 fey = eg" bey = tay = = SO 2 ma Frome. 7-86 Vewan = Vy 1 88 o Veen heh #08 = 28-02mAiSK) 1 O4V =F LOW From eq. 7.67 v — Vee + Vex + Fag Vena 2SV ORV O7V > -18V Input ran BV yt 19V Fx 7.11 Substituting ig, 4 py ~ 1 in Fyn. -70 yields 99 ~251n61/99) 25 1m(99) 118 mV x: 7-12 (3) The DC cet in ich aster i 8 The foreach wb , sain( 8 Vu = 07 omnsi(%S) = ns v Sok S68 aan c wma Yams (6) fey = 05 6 gud = 05+ 20 HNSSin(2 «10007 WO) by 5 + OASin( 2a % 10007, mA, fgg = OS = OASiN( 2a x 100002.9A, wy rey © Mec feeb = OL ReSint 2a LONE) 15 05% 10) 8.1 « 10Sint 2100) 10 = 1Sin( 2% 1000. Y fry = 105 1Sin2e «100071. V teh mage ma 2 Since 1, V (ong gain = NETH Vv Peak = OV peak = 20 Ue 1 20 wa Since 8% 1 £200 MA — yn ay Bat 7 Rat 8m WHA ~ 4 mary z 25 mV wa Rou = Res = Re wa h wy Sona FMV gos ksr Or mA Since Ry >> 4 Ad = Rolle WOK WOK 399 yy h 02K orn Bs I asy Ry dr or Bo GIG ask Ry 225K) 50K 1 the total lod vesistanee is assumed to he mismatched by 1 Re 0.01 )(390 K) Vl Sie, aay CMRR(IB) ~ 20 top| 44] = 20 tog 4B) ~ 20 ton 74] «20 eo sub Note: Irony the load transistors are misma and sinceExercise 7-4 \ Rel Voy (100 KI 100 Kae 0 FR 250 KV 025K =0499 v WRC! ARON Foo By (U.01)100 KIL100 Ky. gsory, . CMBR a) ORD 0505 100,000 =» 100 4B Using ey. 7.103 uk Be rom s0 Raw © BReu Rag” OHO ye 100K 1 WK 2605) Ti ho sos be 714 bow anche 7-4 reey een eee earl vn = (2) GE) O02 ~ 0002V be 2mV ” “To obtain Vn ce ose 7 Use Bgn. 7-113 cen av = (22) 002 = oom amv The offset voltage arising from SVtis obtained from Eqn. 7 - 116 V2 AVE= 2mV Finally, from Eign.7 217 the totaling offset y, (Cee) aa dex » hxexw abo 2 ran’ exw eax) x: 7.15 Frown Eign.7 «127 von GED | GE asfioory + ary 100. as ua -.p8 tn > t( 28) 205 xt BA = 504A e716 (WAL), WC 0.2m 100 = 20 nA (Wrap wn 1m 200 200m Since all ransistns have the same drain current (11 2a the eae pdt W/L 3 uC thea tramrmductance re Met Wel = Jarttcg = ERA - o2v Soman ~ Roma tn fy Masa) — 4 yA Fm oy 02V v Prom kan 17-138 fn = MAY Ro tan Fa Vu 20 to = = eS soun To.” Bm \ » ra = Ye son Tn ON wD) " ths hy = SOL SH = 2540 rom Eqn.07 142 ma y = 6, mA x 2sko = 100% Ag = GyRy = 1A 6 2540 = 100 rom Bgn.7 148 00s viv 20, 000 wr 2 From Bgn, 7-259 (08 mwa) mv’ A Ry = teal Fosfam Gy Ry = 163025 » ao Y From Eqn. 7.162 Ry= 2X re ax Mr, = 2X28mx 10 TS (8m) = 20k For a simple current mirror the output resistance ahs Rad is r, 100 -v oR, 5 7 AX ~ raska From Eqn, (7.167 Cane 160, 000 20 togy( 160,000) = 104 JB kx 7.18 Gg > gms > mé2 — 29 mA eee Bm OY , = 100 fm tos 773 sma OOM Ron Buros = 50 200K = 10 MO Roy > Bs From gn (7 174 10 1 [Burnt 8!) 9} 10) Me se N= 8 Ry = M36 $000 108 V/V ie. 10048 ke 7.19 Keferto Fig? 41 (a9 Using En 7 1.78 Web), wn, a wy 1) a 100 = Oe x so 100 L thus, W771) 6 = 200 Exercise 7-5 Using Eqn. 1.179 _ (W/L)s 5 win,” (ity, = 100 = Drs 199 200 thus, (WL3, = 200 WFO, 1 SnCu (4) Yond =¥on = [-—2—— = onsy 3 x 30200 Similarly For Qy, Vy = 0.129. For Q, 100 = 4% 90% 200 ¥, 2 2 Voy ~ 0.108 V 2, v Oke = by Mw SOuA 0.129V 0775 @ @ a (d) r= 10/0005 = 200040 f= 10/005 ~ 200K f= 10/01 100K 1 = 10/08 = 100K te) Eqn. 7.176 AL = Be Hoa rad v = 0775 (2004) 20) = —775 Bane? 177 Aa > Rae (onl Fon) A\4A.= TTS X95 = 1368 VIV nA 2190 wd ViWSOVCIO WAY Sa27kO ( v SOKA 0.120V_ 0.775 malV WA O10SV 1.90 mANv i, 20 )aE (8 1) = 038 maw kx 7.21. f= 90 pA C= 160 AV? 4,6. = 40 WAN? Boe Quand Q,: W/L» 40/08 (as given in Example 7.5) “i, Vod = [a Wo = In@e.c7) Since g. of Ou Q,, and Q,, are identical tg. of Q,and Q. then: av Kp Te Wi Ey WIL = 125 ie (10/08) Since Q,:is 4 times as wide as Q, (Y),- 2 i » 08 Os Ry = ee c.(¥) to fx ro wx 32 x 90» Ry = 167K then ‘The votage dopo Rs LoTR > 90 A = 150 mV (2x5 ‘owns ousy 0 100 p x 20 Won eas Exercise 7-6 Yona Vo Vou = O13 + 07 = 085V thus, Vass = Venn + Is ~ Vox 0185 + 0.15 — 2.5 ~15V Youu = Word = 03V Ves = 03407 = 1 ~1S+1= -0sv +25 +(-03- 08) +HaV With R, = 10KM and R= 1 KO. = a 8" 0028 te a= mw _ 0 “Thus the overall curent gain is £68 = 101 x 0.0492 x 100 x 0.0126 100. > 018879 x 100 = $5003.00 Vis Rn iy 58503 — 8256 VVExercise 8-1 Bu(Ril Ro) 10 10K oor? * 99 = BaCalRat Ry, —— TeX T we UOT OTM) co tn Wns Bq XV / 2m —— i 2aCea( Ry + Ry) =8He fifa 38 0.016 He. 8 He. 1 ei wx (OF 1) fon Ex: 8.2 Cor™ Ce Cox = VF fa = AOA 5 fe 40» 25 m= 1A r= aska- 2p = 10 Yr amv Te TmA ou Ate fos « 100K] 5K) U wor) le Tae RT SR) 122 Me = 345 x 10°F? Cov © Whyy 345, 10x 005 x 345 pm? 7218 C= BWC + Coy H = Bx 0x 1345 + 1.72 24.72 1F oa Ee 8.4 Peak current occurs At Vj = Vy = SV area = (2) oxen , 5 =} 20x 2065 2)° = 1800 Ex: 8.5, Je Ima mA = te. Lima yg.ma a Vv, 3S mv a v Che = Te Bm = 2X 10“? X 40 x 10-8 08 pF Go= 2G 2% 20 40 F Com cu8 Gy, 084 0F cu ~ See vere 14 Mee (+9) fre 2n(Cr + Cn) 4010-4 » sae a > aT Ge 2n(0.84 + 0.012) x 10> 7 = fr = S00 Mite I” Serv Gy Cat cp Oe 17 pg Ba 500 10 n= 127-Cu= 27-2 = 107 pH Ex:8.7 Diffusion component of Crrat J, of L mA 107-2 -87p 1e Cis proportional to Fe then:(0.1 mA) = 0.87 pF Carll = 0.1 mA) = 2.87 pF fe Fille = 01 mA) = =e 4x 10-8 2eQBI+2)x 10 = 1307 MHz 8 Re Da a Ry TMARD, gy = PmALY Rog = 10K ~ aaa, Au G7 op mn *'*74 =212.V/¥ Sn = 426 pF fu 37 Mite 9 1 pF Coq 1+ BRC yg = EX TA) Cue = BAC S21 Mia = 1MHa BaCn(Ragl [Rad Gin ™ Gee + Cog = LDF + 8.14 Cg 1 (TF RAC, pF RT 47M) = 1 MHz 3163214 8C,, Cpt 0.077 pP or Cy = THE = 0013 * Ri FR, AKO = rl Rel R, 1SkO ~ CO} 8 | RY KO TAR R, oR, = 19K C= 74 (1+ 40% 103 1.5 + 10%) 68 pF Su = 142 MHz * FeO 15SK ‘Re8-11 Using equations® .61and8.63 we can ‘write the general form ofthe transfer function of direct-coupled amplifier a: Ave where Ase isthe DC gain 1+ hn (ofthe amplifier and fag isthe upper 368 frequency ofthe amplifies. In this case we have Aye = 1000 and Soa > 100 KHz = 10° Hi Therefore A(s) ~ —1000__ As) = Ex: 8.12 For this amplifier we have: (El) By definition ato = wo, we have Hos) ( (eae [e22)) f+ C222) - 1095029) (8 = [ve + (an err Kon, (1-4 09951 (222)) - 1902) - sf K= 988 9 KEx:8.13, rom Bxercise B-1.2 we have: (NT es] eo [GSD +f +(e) = 9(2) 2and toy © LE =1 oy 0.64 uy (exact value) (note that inthis case the zeros are at S = = ) we have : Fork = t= 0y = “Lom = 0.71 wp, For the case of K = 2, the exact yalue of wy can be found from the following equation: Ie Ge] <2 Asning = X we te axis Be! “oe 1-25 XPH CRE DE =K? = 0 on — [Ed D+ ARTI SAK For = 2092 = 081-9.) ~ 0840p In this ease, the approximate vale oF eis on = ont fi 89), For K ~ 4, using equation (»), the exact va gis 0° O95 tan Inthis case, the approximate value of wis fat wy ons fie 09795 Bx: 8.14 We have Ay 1.8 V/V and f, ~ 128.3 KH, therefore, the thanawidth produet is TOS %128,3 = 1.3856 Miz = 1.39 Mir Exercise 8-3 [Now we want to find the value of R, that will resuh inf = 180 KH, We have: tetty- beg on Bahn 1 tet = 8842 n noe 2a x 180 KHz, nee tg, = BOR nsec = ty, ~ 884.2 — 808 Tea ~ 8034 nse Tea ~ RyaCe ~ (RAR + BRRIC R > Ril Ruy = SOR KM g, = 4A, Coa” PF Thus 803.4 nsce = (80.8 KO + Rj + 3232R;) + 1 pF so maK, ~ SOAS — soaKn moxn = 223K 324.2, cae 223 kn For this value of Rj, we have Rae ge Ree ett) x4x 223 -12.VN Y= ~Av, Assuming V,, = 1V we have AWN) [RD | VamV) | V0 | VVap () 10 | 909 [ate | 476 | a6 [100 [99 a) 1009 | 9.99 99 | 99 10000 | 1 [0.999 [-999 | 9.99Exercise 84 Ex:8- 16 Refering tothe solution of Example 8.10 the value off, determined by the exact analysis is: Su Sou VBA MI Also, Ay = ~het Ri, = -125%10 = ~125.V/V ‘Therefore the gain-bandwidth product (f) is Sym M34 X 125 = 1.79 GHz ‘Since fis less than f, = 2.44 GHz and f= 40 GHz, therefore itis a good approximation of the unity gain frequency. Ex: Referring tothe solution of Example 8, 10iFa load resistor is connected atthe output halving the value of Rj. then we have Using equations. 2and assuming fy ~ Jn we have: Suz Dal Gye * Coal BWR Rag (CL * Gad i TRF SKS K) Su = 223 MHz Sr = |Aule fn = 6.25 * 223= 1.4 GHz Bx:8 .1 8Refersing to the solution of, increased by 4 und Vo by 2 mA, 2 2x 1.25 mA Day = 21.25 Tocaleulate R W Ris ~ roo Fog ~ 10 KA in example 90 since ry = VE Ty both gy and sb ‘hs increasing J, by 4 reduces = 10 K =» 20h Toe 10 K "aR y SH R= }x 10K = 25k0 [aul = ta Ri = 25% 25 = 625 NIA Using equations -93and assuming fy ~ fn we have: tn = ———E 2a, FCAT BRM Rig + (CL ECR ED In= ———————— TaD TT STO + GIO K + 54 S)PRISK Fu = 2S0.MB 29 fy =fy = 250M Sez lAu| “Su = 625 % 250 = 1.56 GH Fx8.19 130 ko 50K pap = 130 KE) 50 AE Foapall 36k Lima. v7 35mv 8. 20 fa gg MA wom mA. aoa = ska 48) From equation 6 .97 we have: fa Ra ahd 3 —s v TevOsT S| x3 =15¥ (40% 36 kt) = 175 ¥ ay = us (Using in Cyt CL BR) Ve 03 pF +4036) « 8 448 pF 82.6 KH {c) Using the method of open-circuit time con- Stans, from equation @ .100We have: TH = Cg | CMO Bal Rg © REDE CAR Weave Rig = re] (Rug Fr) =A 3K Ry = WK rll FopapExercise 8-5 Tras: ty = 16X43 +0311 + 40% 36)43 4 36] +1536 Tw = 212 nsec 1 al. -75.1 eH Lun = spy 15.1 (4) Using equations .102,8.103 and 8.104 BHC, FG © BRON, 2 Syn = 751 KH sie 1 (CL + CORI, AUC. + C+ aR dBase + (Cr + CdR, Pe TEE C+ CER, Syn = 25.2 Miz Simoe fy << fa fy << fps fy (Of = Valin f= 13.1 MHz Bx:8 20 Referting tothe solution of Example s.anwehave fr ~ [Aut “Su sinee [Aud remains the same as that ofthe example, to place frat2Glle we need A 2GHe = Sr = Aud Su > 54a Ce Wal f ICL + Ce Ri, Av PO Re oH sor ac, Ex8-21 =0 Ex8.22 R, = 500 KO and from Example 6.12 Bm > 125 mAPY Ko Cy = 201F. Cy = SIF Cy = 15 FF, Rug = WKN, Ry = 20KO. Ly 1, sok Ryo b+ eo fa kar,” 125m ‘725% 20 = 208 ka to Aa 7 a = sant Re ~ Reig | Rg = WOK 208K = 6.75 0 Rea = Rill Ro, Ro = rot Reig + (BnFg) Rig = 280K (same as in Eq. 8.12) Reg = 500 Kl] 280K = 1795 ko tw = Cyn Rye * (Cy CO) Res DEX 67S K4 (SL 41S 1795 K ty ~ O38 ns + 3.59.98 — 3.72 ns Thus, fy = B wehave Ry = ryt re = Bry = we have: re - Cans Jeo v= Saati = 99% weave In L amplifier is AG) = —— meJiB)-s Soy Solving this equation for fy, we have: Ju 46 MHz Using the approximate formula, we have: Suz kee 2 SMe Se Bx:8 .32 From Eq 6.178 G, 1 from Example 7.4 Gay = Guy,3 = 03 WAIV thus, for fp = 10 Me: Ce = OS MALY 2x 10X10 = 48 pF From En. (8.273 6, y= Ft Gy = tag = OG MAIV i 2a Ce 06 masv ofz ~ SSBAWY . 29Mi2 aa X48 pF From Eqn. «8.277 Jn > Oct = O8NLY ae nae Tn-C, 2nX? pF Ex:8 . 33To obtain Req: Req = Rall rorll res Ry = 20k0 Fon = YA = MOV a lez 0.25 mA eae r = ene tor x 25m = 2525 41 Thus, Req = 20K] 400 K 2525 = 22k Toobtain Coq: Ceq = Cyat Cas + Cyst + Bushes) Cua = Cag = 26 Rjs= Ry =3 kK ts | 1ma Bes = 25 mV Cyst Cys = Sb eh Gus Or 40m Cy, = 20M _ ap = ap a Faxaoom 7?” MP thus, Ceq = 2 pF + 14 pF +2 pk(I + 40% 3) = 288 pF Finally, - 1 I Fa Reg Coq ir = 280 KHEx:9 .1(@)A = 100 V/V and Ay= 10.V/V 4p= Avege tibet 1 TF pA A, A> 107 06 = 009 B= 009 ®, since: + 2 ft an tou (@) The amount of feed-back is: T+ AB = 1 + 100 x 0.09 » 10 which is 2048 (e) For Vs = IV: Vy = ApVs = 10X1= 10V Vp = B-Vy = 009% 10 = 09 v,-@- 4 Lav 1A > i008 (DITA decreases by 20%: A= 08 100= $0 VV 80 7 Ay = 80 97561 "> Trw com MA, = 10~ 9.7561 > 2.44% of p= 10 Bx:9 2 (6)A = 10FVIV and ay =10° 4)> Anoop - ro Spat aa 4A y = son RB (a) Te moun Fed ack 1+ AB = 1+ 10°x 9% 107% = 10 which i008 ieyPar = 0019 Vy = Ay Vy = 10x 001 = 10V Vim BV, = 9x 10* x 10 = 0.000 v : v= Ye 12 gap y A 10) a te ans at 0% a \ 49) = 1 am) a a and the largest elose-toop gain 1 ap x me possible occurs when 4 0.01 x 1000 If thrce of these 1000 viv 10VW ded! 1000 VV ana =A iiers are ea ans Aron > Ay % Ay ‘the total variability is day aay 03% maximum Ay Exercise 9-41 x9 - 4 For Example 7.2 Ap~ 6000, 8 = 107 (1+ AB) = (+ 6X 10°) x 10) = 7 Sap = Sy AB) ~ XT = TB Ex:9 5 ov Ais A. Mo Mar aas Tr ayagp ~ rt Mar 100) x Vs Levy © T¥C00X TXT” TE TOOX DRT = 0.99 + 0.0099 Thus, Vij = 1-V and Vyy = O.01V New SIN ratio = 100/1 an improvement of 20 tog(100/1) = 40 dB x:9 . 6 Replacing the amplifier by its small al model Open-loop gain: without R and Ry ang the gate ‘grounded: Vo = Bas, Ro Vg = -Vy3A > Feedback factor: 2, Ay 8M on XE + Ro) I] Rob 1 Ry RoR Eh, eR Ry hy = 86M but Ry + Ry aa (on VenAy = Y2 = Sap __ 1 V5” TF aloRs/(R > RD HA-B >> 1 = (Budd Ry (Ry + Ry) >> 1 * Bak = MAR, BaRoRy / (Ry # Ra) Ay Ex:9 , 7 From Example 9-2 we know that: A, = —S=2R0_ where —xq2Rp isthe open- 14 Sako Exercise 9-2 y, bsg p-7 Vp = to poll = Ry = By Cosssop gain 4, = 12 Ty = Aifma¥) and Vj = Vy~ Vp To = AigaatVs~ Vy) = Argent ¥s— toed elo + ReAikqa) = Aisa“ Vs ly Auber, 4 — Aisa _ pict is the same 4 Ye TF RAs as Ay AB >> 1 =9 RpAygqy >> Vand Ay and AR, => Ry Land Ay = ReExercise 8-3 Ex: 9.10 From Example 7-2 ‘Ay 6000, 8 = 107° (1+ AB) = (1+ (6X 10") x 109) = 7 Sup = fa + AB) = LT = 7H Ee 9.11 ley = Tey = OSMA Veg = 107-05 20= 4 07% Vy = 07 ~ Vary = 0 Sma ra = Vall © S00, ry Nex A- RO! (B+ De + 2H) I Vora rye 0, OD at tat gs + Gt) 2110) L gsz viv mral Ww) R= RSH BH yb rd + Rell Ry = 10+ 101(50 + 50) + (1 9) = 21 KO Ry = 2 108 frit isa Bcc B= vy, = oh = aw oH A, = Yee A 887 | ggey ry vTap TP asT <0 Ry = RL+ AB) = 2987 = 201 KD Ry = Ry Re = 201-10 = 191 kA 181 _ Foal RD = EGR AT Gay 7 ED Ruy = 19.10 fx:9 12h fed-back network is composed of the vote diver esistrs Ry and 2) The loaing effect ofthe fed back network at the impot is: Ry || Ry 'b) The loading effect of the feed-back network at the outputs: Ry + Ry The A esi a V2) Vem For the CG amplitier: A= gulRoll (Ry + Rs) ] af AL Substituting: SAB 1s Rot + eek) RR, if Ry + Ry >> Rp we obtain the same result as in Exercise 106 From the A circuit R= 1a Ry = LO t ABD ty UR, FRY = R,Following the procedure used in Example 9.7 aye ad = Ly AB WS THAB OR, ORR, RSD Realy I Red TR TR, Ry tod RR itwe ea H © Balty Red et wli bor, = ay at Eke ee Sobstinting for R, = Rp | Ry: Re Re = Re Re lh = Fe V¥ galt Re) Re = ry I Rp the procedure used in Example 9.7 Rs WR Ralry || Red 1, Bs Redsalto LBD 5 Ry fot To! TH aR RD (eyFor gy = SMA, = 2002 ky = 10k k= KO A= C.K | 10K)-5m20K | OK) 303 40 B= -1/Ry = -1/10K = —O.1 mAsV Ap = -303%-01 = 303 4, - AL | =203 1 Trap 1303 R= RoR ~ 1110 ~ 9000 ~752 kD R= roll Re = 201 10 = 66740 wk Ru Tem K POR 2M ko Tap ~ aos ~ 7560 k fo 667K Ry S8IK «166 T+ ap 03, a 10K 2K Syma K wR)” NOK -16 = 100 2 ry TKOR, = 10KO 90K ky = SMA/Y 20k Refer to Example 9, 8 R, = 100K, unchanged — 100 - 100 ROR oT 9 = LIKI ALA Ry = 900 KO, unchanged (+11). 990K = 100 Me re 17 R= 0p = He All of is fed-back. if AB >> 1 ideal Apa =Levara a R= Rel RD R= TEE RAR 0 tog ARE OE Buty (Ry NO = Fyy Ry for in Fy 9.69Exercise 9-5 BR: Am Tet = ita = — Hah Re Pa Ap = A = Tee | TH AB” T+ ate Ry + From Bq 9.77 i ea n So R R Be ar RE tkahay* - oot = BR Balgs Ry Bat gg L I tl “To obtain Ry: = ry = Be , "Te ap TF nek, Fx9-20 auiw) = (—10_} 1+ jw/10 Thos @ = —3 tan" (w/ 10°) Ato, 180° = tan" (oy /10°) = 60 (oO) = 5-9 em = 1% 10" rads Amplifier stable if AB) <1 at ey When [AB] = 1: Bey = gat ene Orr) Ex:9.18 Small-signal equivalent circuit 29-20 Saag gan ces 1 By = 1, = 008 Baa" Ros vo0071 + ANY RFR ER ey ( en Ex). 21 Poles sited by factor (1+ A,B) van) Re . ccok 110% 001 = 1001 Oa fog = AA AGB) = 1001001 = 10.10 For closed loop gain = 1. B= I 10K = 1666 : + f= F068, B) = whoo = 10" He (ret Ky am Compared to 17.39 obtained in Example 9.4 Fx:9..22 From Fg. 9. 92 Poles will coincide when (op + en AU EAB) eopraip Using Ay ~ 100.09) = 10%. ps = 10" rads 20" + 10°)? 4. + 100 py x 10" = 0 1+ 100 B = (01) x 10074 =p = 07s Corresponding Q- 05 . For maximally flat response Q = (0.707 and ¥x9.29 v, = Se" Twn x io” Rr 1 _ fs 1008) 10" gos 10" 10" ap Seg Comesponding gain is a ot Ry = hg = gg © 196 ene TTAB TF 100 xo. AB Smx20KXIK .. 329 RK OKeTR as compared 10 3.03 obtained in Exercise 9.15Exercise 9-6 Ex « 23 Closed loop poles are found using Fate = 0 i+w oi _ (i+ s/i0'y ° U+ssay +10 ¥ s* 3s, 3s! 35. 435 +1 + 1008) 108 » = 51 435,435, + (1+ 1008) = 0 for RL Ss 10" Roots of this cubic equation are: (-1-109"), — 14 5p! jp" Amplifier becomes unstable when complex poles Rate of closure = 20 dB/dee sre on jw axisic. when © Boy od VOB = Le 2 Beem $9.27 Most pace new dominant ple st jo~ a 0! Fx9.24 4 « eon _ 10 ow v7 770 soo | Ae Ot respnse a0 B= oo jag) = 1X00. | i F100 » thus 1+ 100 = 10 f= 108 He 0 af = 10m 40 = tan -1(10"/10) = ap | -$4=40-2008 making phase margin 180 ~ 90 = 90° 5 ol] Be9 ee aera? (Ain) = EB and = tw te hy it ‘quency gain 0 = 180° — Phase margin For PM = 30.0 150° Ex:9-28 The pole must be moved fy 10 [Ain 178) = 198 Ip where For PAT = 60°.0 = 120° jp = Frequency of 1A,Gio| C18) = 10 Ay! ar For PA = 90°, 0 = 90° a [ApGie, d}/(V/B) ~ 0.707 © 10" (100.48 = 20 aby - 10 He Te scr “The capacitance tthe controlling node must be increased by same Factor as fis lowered Creu © Ca % 1000 Thos CR = 0.15vx 13.1 For Q, Voom = Mec T= 14.8mA pe D¥o= Mee) - 07-15 Tae vas = 097K tae * Vee Vine 15-02 = Mav = Vir + Vow -15 +02 = -148 Ouputsgoal swing is fom 4.8 V 0 ~ 4.8 ‘Maximum emitter curent = 27 = 2% 148 29.6mA 13.2 At, = ~10V, the Toad current is ~ 10 mA and the emiter current of Qy is 14.8 ~10 = 48 mA, Tos an» 06 0.025 (#8) ~oetv Thus, ny = 10 064 = 9360 Ava, = OV. i, “Oanbiny= 8A a ‘Thus, ges ~ 06 + 0.025 o6ry 1 =406TV Ate © S10, j, 10 ma nd jg, = 248 mA, “Thus, yey = 06 + 02025 In 248) rd by = 1068 v To calculate the ineremental voltae gain we use Aly, =-10V.ipy "48 mA and 25 ta = Basan ae B tiws, = gs = 099s WV 15 ORS ; 25 imitny ato, = OV ry = B= a Sinitay.at sy, = OVS ny > BR = 7 cand, 3 1. aos WV 10.0017 At, HON jag AS mAand ry UD ¥ 1 ws . 0999 W/V ™ ¥ Te 0001 Exercise 9-7 x 13.3 ap, = PLAY . BABY. omw Py= DV" ee XT 2X 10% 100% 10° =2W sss 9 ~ 20 ox 932 x 100 = tox Bx © 21 > Vege te Pots Ween h co a= Fost = 2m (> reinercroms = gt Be 4 = 21 ma te) Using Bq. 0.22 Povmas = Poems ~ Bx 13.5 (a) The quiescent power dissipated in each tran sistor = fy % Vo “Total power dissipated in the two transistors = 2y * Vey = 221% 15 comw (Jy inereased v0 10.mA, AMV, = 0.5, = fe > 1OmA rom equation 13.32= 0988 at, = OV Aty= 10, wv fe RH OFA © 100 mA, ‘change - $= 0988s 199 — 1.208 Imexamplen3 .5 /, = 2A, and for x, = 0 ios 63s ~ 8 ne ma "= Toon © 10m Again calculate i, (for /, = 2 mA) using equation Bt Vig Vos + Veer = ao 13.27i, = 9.96 mA iy) iy ~ i vjin() + vin aa (eve 7) ty idly ~ fy = Vpn (Sy) @ Row 0.25 0 quating equations and 2 o> iy= avptn| | = vyin (2,] vote (4) * Changes 1 P< 109 = 6 3 For Jy = 10 mA, chan indy = 0.1) For fy = 2m, chang Oe {(€) The quiesent power dissipated in each transis toe = LM lis = 0.1) = 9 10 “Taal power dissipated = 2% 10. 10% 15 i sin mA, then = 200 mW i, — 100) 9 i= 100,-9 = 0 Ex 13.6 iy = 100.1 mA From example? #4 ¥,. = ISV.R, = 1008. Q. and Q, matched and f= 10°" and f= 50, inner on dma For gy © VOY andj, = S30 = 04s For, = 10V, 1, = 1 — ona 100 mA 100 ee eo, [Asa firs approximation assume jp = HO) ma, aa y= since i. eurent through diodes ~ 3 mA 2 ma merExercise 8-9 fly ~ 0.1) = 81x 10 Expressing eurents in ma, Fei, ~ 100)= 81 f= 100i, ~ 81 =0 Sip ~ 100.8 mA ie te = O8mA x 13.7 Me > aX 2 MVC S°C mA where gui im am Fm toma _ v 4x25 = 4mA 04 mArmv ‘Thus, Af ¥x13.8 42) To obtain a terminal voltage of 1.2 and since [Bs very larg. i follows, thal Vy Vg = 0.6 V. Thus fey = Ema he = 05 ma Th 1S ma Uh) For AV yy = 450 mV: ae 12s Van = 125V ty = 125 = 052 ma 2d Var 0025 v Je ROT am nes 32tma, For Wy + 100mV 13 Vyp = 13V Ip = 13 = 054m 13V Ip = 13 = 054A = 739 1= 139-4 0547.93 mA, For AV yy = +200 mV: Van=1AV Ty = 058 m tn = $4 = 058 ma Vap = 07 Tey = 12 54.60 mA 1 54,00-+0.58 = 55,18 mA For AVyn = —50mV Las en $8 4 SM OT mA 1 0481037 - 085 ma For AVag = ~100 mV: Van21V ty = Et Vor = 0.55 Fey = 1M 2 0.13 mA 1 0.46 + 0.13 = 059mA For 8Vgq = —200 mV: L 7 Vpn 10 = bo aim fw OV ty = Sh = OSIT mA Vee = OSV fe = tee bes 0a3 = 0018 ma. A Fx 13.9 Using equation 23.43 fg = bn Ee wrt, on Wet WD, ws, iWon, 5 0. Fan Se (M) ta ta? «0280 i) 02”Exercise 9-10 Gain Bor = —0035 x 100 = 3.5% Uy _ 2x 1x10 eee fm = Boe = 7 014 0: tain = 4 te () iL) eves~ MI 50100 x (F) > co2y = 414 mav 02 = —1_ bap F Baa) TORN aay TO 2350 x 13.12 See solution on next page Tes wa 1 yx ous0 x (T) x oz Now Vn = Ves + Vor Vou V9 + Ves + VDD 02+ 05) + (02405) = av Bx 13.10 Jo fog = HOA, na = be (H) v3, v0 = £50280 200 v3, My, 068 V Using eation 23.46 Vouas = Verw— Vovlaes — Vor 25-02-0308 itn’ 13.12 New values of WAL are (),° v,, = 0W Gain Err = v. 4 “ink” TS TOTO TO onsExercise 0-11 4 1gRy then Vesa Vin) 80 gg = 0 and tg = $k: (7) sas ~ Wal? ef) an =) 2V sano — [yl = (sara — [Wal Yeon = 2Vsorg~ AVek + Va = Wea ~ Wal » Find Vig forthe ate voltae, Pars Var = Yon ~ ¥scrg) + wYor~ Vir) (er Yoo) = ~ Vscra* w(Vor~ Va) {espa ORI ~ Vscrn = ~ Vecro + w(Vor~ Vind using (): = 2Vscnq+ Wid = ~ Vscny + w(Vor~ Va) BV ~ Vor) = — Vscre + 2¥ sng ~ Vel by $+ esea= Wal = yy, Yow : y, and show Vasne = Vow Vhs Vow) + w(Vor~ Vad = Veus ~ (Yo) om AY Yo") * Va where Vorw = Yesno— Yin) = sara ~ Wadd Vike ~ Volo * Vn ~ Vasye QED. ‘Same proof for p transistor.Exercise 10-1 Be 10.1 Vicmumens = Von ~ Wovsl ~ Yoo ~ Wow = +165 03-05-03 =+055V Vacmnins = ~ Vas + Vows + Vn—[¥; == 165 +0305 -05 =-135V Youn = Von ~ Vora = + 165-05 s+ Lasv Veamins = ~ Vas * Fors == 165 +05 = -LISV fx; 10.2 IW) = 30¥. 1, = OS ma, Vor) = O2V, Foug = 05 1 = KW op Far 6:05 = K(05)'= K = 2 ma/v? For Qy:ty = 2002) = fy = 08 mA 4mary ALT Beate” 428 = —100 VV Ay ~Ragten © 1240 AO. VIV A= AA (=100)(—40) + 4000 /V R= (rall ro) = BE = 20K Fx: 10.3 ‘The small-signal equivalent circuit forthe op-amp in Fig. 10.2 on page ofthe Text is redrawn below fora unity-pain baer, rom Bq39-8.29 24,10-250n page ofthe Tent: Gai = ty Gas ~ Fr te sove we can we: inavas Yee of laa = Guia Yi wh Va = Gain Rvand Vaan —Vou = Vin = Guy Ry Von therefore: ae = fate Vo + St R © natal Pa) Since ragll ras huge. we can neglect reall to anltve 1 fo (rool road Ex: 10.4 Coady + + ~ Vy Yor GV . 2mary = 40K 100 Miz, AL = Guay X10 Nr td = (11079100 Ky 2) = =30. V7 = 2x10 el) Hod 2x 10" a0 K)/2) = —40 V/V AS Aye Ay = (801-40) = + 2000 Sp © LEA 1000 10/2» 10" = $0 KH (9) 10 move ero 10 > = 00 #2Exercise 10-2 = 318 10" HZ = tan 11002108 318 x 10° na ex: 10.5 Find SR for f, = 100 MH Vow = 02 SR = 2nfVov = 2x 100% 10" x02 = 125.67 = 126 V7 nS Elena SR Eom SRXC, 126% 10" 1.6% 10"? 200 pA 210.6 Vacs SH 165-03 405 = 4 185V Vremains = Vas + Yorn + Vor + Vin 165 40.3403 +05 = -055V Worl = 4165-03-03 ~ + 105V = Van ~ Vows + Vig Vaumess © Yon ~ Wow Vagnias = —Vas + Vow + Vow + Van == 166403 103405 = ~055V Be: 10.7 IVa = 20V. Voy = 02V, 0 ; 2 10x 10" 6, > 2x 100% 10° A 02 7, > Ma = 20510" 200 ko 7 100 Ry WeasFostorh Fail T | nates — = ear 2 rari5o 2] 10x 2007 1/3 10s 13.33 MEL of, 10 1013.38 910" x10 vey Given all Voy = 03 V. [Vy] = O7V Yop = Vee * 28V 4) Vicia f0E NMOS. Vre yop ~ Vow # Vr 5425-03407 2 +29V Vrewminy =~ Vise? Vow + Vou + Vr 25403 #03407 = -12V $1205 (Viey + 29 (By Sym 2.9 V5 (View)ps +12 (-12V = Miewom = + 12 (8-29 V5 Vedaoun s+ 29V kx: 10.9) 1 1 = SKOW/V on vy 4 10¥n~ Yat oh vy vy ie.Vas > Yr vy Fx 10.10 pny = 10NA.B = 200,¥, = 125V pnp: fy = 10° MAB 50.V, = 50V De Ie 1 Var = Vein Yar = Vrnk Yap = 25 mvin OL) = 633 mV a be = Bing = 200/5k = 40 mA/v Po Bag 200% 25 095 KN Vr _ 23mV _ a5 7 A ro f= BY @ sk Rx: 10.212. 1 tet Toa Vag = Val 1Q) and) = heyExercise 10-3 Bx: 10.12 Vane = 07 Vier tc = 1 mAfor Qit Je = 10 BA for O10 Vari = 0.7 + Viin[ PEA] = 0885 V Tima Wotage acs = Vagio~ Varn 07-0585 = 0.115 V \, alas Ha = f= Bm my 11sk0 Bx: 10.13 Viewness = Yoo ~ Veva~ Yisn + Var = + 15-06-03 +06 +MV Vremenny © ~ Vas + Vaes + Vier * Van + Vas = 15406406 +03 +06 =-1n9V (neglecting Ry & R, drops) Be 10.14 Assume Q,. Oy (now diode connected transistors) have normal area Qe: Ory have area 3 * normal WaT Missa Tove ime v0 Ja WOW x3 lay ~ O25, Ty = 180 540 wa Bx: 10.15 Assume Tes = Tes ten = 9S WA (2) Vgg = Tel +g) = E+ 2.63) 36M, v, 0 Fey YO tas & baw R, Ue OMe | Ue tn 0.004, Yn as av = 3081, 0.081, VY 63, + hi, 3 = ame env ton, = WENN s5ce0 Bx: ‘See Fig 0.22 on page of the Text, Let R=, y= R+ AR Assume B>>1 and reg = rq then Vas Vag ilres + Ry) = Wr + Rd jest R_ -—AR__ Tat ROR TRIER ae = tk 8 ROR ae For 8 = 0, A - 000 oor _ _o02 RvR Tr Substituting R= 1 kA and ‘op-amp. we have 002 ’ 0B = 55x10 102 + 263 1 Ex: 10.17 From Fig.20.23 on page of the Text; Ral Row Ra = ty = = — O_o 263 MO 7 x0 * 12s Raw > Fowl + RmiolParoll R= 19 10% 19 x 10 x0 + a 19% 10 aah 5<1)) Rye 311 MO k= 263) 31 = 242M Be 10.18 From 64.20.99 we have: G, 6x.10.26and20.17in the Text, we have: 6, = S810, R= 243. M0 Hence Goce = WO 113% 10° MALY, 2x 243 > 10 Fron Eq.20.95 ve have MRR 2046 Ryyl| Rose)! cuRRExercise 10-4 1.68 x 10° oF 104.5 4B (Age * ~ Gna Rea [If the common-mode feedback is nt present, 2s = 65% 81 = -5265V/V explained in the tet, common-mode transconductance and common-mode gain are both reduced 10.23 by a factor af 6, Hence, 168 10" 45 MRR = EBC 3360 or cure ~ 8X 300 core = 705 4B Be 10.19 By =200 rg = SY, 8 162 BA ry = PSY tos > BEY = a50 100.0, 8, = SOKO oa ‘Substituting into Eq. 16.77 BOX O15 Ry = 2IPLS4 + 50] (201 x 0.0455)) = 33 kN =4Ma r San (Ro UL rain) , rei) fais + (Rio I Pais) ee volta 82227] jn = isa me 61 ‘open-circuit voltage gainExercise 10-5 Ex: 10.25 Ex; 10.28 wileeea, Yayn(!s2) where Vy = 25 mV © BaVom: — 2m(10) 1% 10" 20.060 4 Bx; 10.26 g mya) = ha BE = 70.0 ce 2a3a7 x 10° « giex 0” Gay = Gig x10 with Re invented in emiters of Qs. Qe 1 1 ON IR, Tet Re i -1 MBAR, TR Ga * fort = 95% 10 A, he = — 00502 5260 93x10 now SR = 2M CV, 4 Rp) Bet (QV, 4 IR AL, ye" QED oe ct, Coast be reduce factor of 2 0 ew C. ose 15 pr Gain Gy cs aso halved Mee & Agyy 6 OB = 1O1T SB Fy = FAA = [pba been halved Fyne = 2% Syoua = 82 UeFx: 10.29 use Ry = Ry = 20K and f= 10 A from Exercise 10.28 - (7), forty = 200A = 24.en(#), = 2!) Foe fy = 1 pA = 1 then ( : 1 then (™ = sya = A then (H For hg = SA > 5athen (7) Since Vs has o equal the origi 7 (Wee ~17R) = Veo ~02 50 Ry Ry and Rig ‘an be found by = O22. Ay = RE = 2oKn a woKa 02 $2 = soxn gx; 10.30 Find 2 for Va) ef F We Exercise 10-6 in #2 for vp) Assume igp fra ad fc) fen (Assume By 40) 625 wa (Assume B= 10)1099 09 08 07 05 O1 ool 1 2 3 6 0 1.2 Am = 20108 1.05 ~ 200g 0.85 = 0.9.48 = 200¢{ 1] ~ Aa overt] 4008 Be 11.3 Ms) = kD) OD) (Bef) 4 Ts) = kay) C0 HET (e+ 014 j12) (+ 01-j12y as ¢) (5 F023 + 065) (5° + 0.23 + LAS) Fx 11.5, jo 4 144,29 = 1Cosbo = 12 As shown the pair of omputes poles has Vand Q= 1 1 eosoo = 1 Exercise 111 geal 2902 a=1 A7@) = k——- HI tststl) sine T(0) = Lk = 1 Thus 74s) GFD@ ED Tw) = —— + Wve fay +e 1 Aa- 0-0) +e 0) to = Fads Ot aan AQ) = ~20 top = 286 a8 ies fe 11.6 cn fo = fa = ose ITGel J 1 +e 2) Alw,) = ~20 togiTtjo)) * 10 tog[1 + (22) ] “Thus 10 tosh + 0588" 15°] = 30 Ne WOLHS = 29.3508 N=NLHS = 3287 40 Use N= 1 and obtain Aug = 3287 dB Ford. tobecxactly 3048 WOogH Fe AST 30 2303654 Ann +20 log JTF 0368 = 05408, Bx 11.7 The real pole is ats = 1 ‘The complex con 5 = 2cos60" + js ne™ ir = — el Peaks ae obtained when nico 2) aco x) ~ 050%, nico Se) = 0 Grn ros ei Peros Exercise 11-2 aa 5Cos! (s) = kk = 01,2 6 > wpcox(MZ) 4 = 0.1.2 8 = WpC080 = wy 8, = w,Cos = O81, ay = w/Cos®® = 0310, fy = w/Cos2Z = 0310, gx 11.9 Tow = ce ho 1 = oF ~ oss Alas) ~ 10 oe 4 ecosh (eos -124)] 10 loglt + 0.3493?cosh 7(7eosh “!2)) 649 ab Forde 1dB.¢ = f10—1 = 05088 A(ws) = 10 toglt + 0.50882cosh (7cosh”'2)] 682 dB ‘This ian increase of 3.3 AB Bx: 11.10 «ho! sos (a) For the Chebyshev Filter: Aw.) © 10 Togt + 0.5088%cosh?(Weosh = s0aB N & Ths choose N= 8 Excess Attention 10 log + 0.5088" cosh'(Seosh "1.5)] 55-50 = 546 (hy Fora Butterworth Filter «= 0.5088 13)1 ta.) = whl e(28 7 ~ 10 log t + 0.5088" 1.591 = 50 N=159 choose N= 16 10 log({1 + 0.5088°1.5)"} ~ 50) © 05 agy 11.12 Referto Fig. 11.14 1 10" rads Foc R arbitrarily selected tobe wKnc Ls ore 10 x 10) ‘The two resistors labelled can also be selected tobe 10 KO each, Br: 11.13 11s) = ——#h—— ord gain = 1 irs foton Ie = a which is 3 dB below the . 11.14 This T) = — Soy 1 108 ag = 10" rads Exercise 11-3 So = 10'rad/s o solected to yeild a centre. Frequency gain of 10. es 11.15 @ ara Stub MS)” Tyg 04 0b for any two frequencies, and oat which 7] is the samme 5 oF ) = wor ~ 07) Sow; eo) [Now to obiin attenuation = A UB ato, and where @, 0, = Bo, 1log t + ie onal® 4 TS subd 0s QED. a () Fora» 348 a + fe pw A ORAW.= 0/2 QEDExercice 11-4 be 12.16 Foe feoe h ae rare nid = 210-90 = 6 oan 6 = 2W60XCX 10'=C = 16F 0 ond Ww. iro * AP Fo = WORM? fay = 500 Hz o-L =.» Tie” 306 ‘Using the data athe top of Table 22.2 = 0.986 ras Cy = Cys 12OF [Flim = Ry= Rn = Ry 5 > 1326K0 ean 2wi0" 1210 - - 20 ut = a= B= Olu = 265 A Nong the data in Tae for the Bandpass fell.17 case scene Fequeney gin = 10 Maximally at <3 Q = eae eee ee Selecting ry = 10 K0 thenr, = 90 KO rarily selecting R= 1 kA ¥x:11.20 Q=0cR0 i Fg (16.25)~ 0, = 2n10* x 210" x 10" = 1125 pF eS " 1) TR + OH) 0 ——__1__x ft (FF s04680, + 0.429 ' _t _ (2+ 0.17880, + 098830,.) “The cireuit consists of 3 sections in eased: (2) First order section <= 225 mt R the umber ceca oh he i A288 eS lee To 57028950,Exercise 11-5 Let R, = 10k degain = Ry/R, 8 joo Iria > 227BSee — ce © S50F 0.2895 x 2x10" x 10° (becom Order section wih rset: A205; Thay = 04298 _ O68, + 0429305 ‘where the numerator coefficient was selected to yield a de gain of unity nha “E 7 V7 Select Ry = Ry = R, wok =ee ——!____ = 243 nF JOA23 * 277 10° x 10° t= CoC 2A30F o = PRM 4 sg = 2 = kn A650, ae {€) Second-Order Section with Transfer function: Ts) = 25 sO1789u, + 098830, ‘The circuit i smile wo that in (b) above ut with R= Rem Rye Ry KO Oe —_ op 10" JOSRES x 210" x 10 > 16 nF ~ ORB _ 789 Thus Ry = Q/ aC = 556KO ing the outpt of the first-order setion tothe input ofthe second-order section in (b) and the ‘output of of section (bo the inp of) rests Bx: 11.21 Refer o the KHN circuit in Fig. 12.24Choosing = 159K eC ~ 2e10"x 10> Using Bg.21.62 and selecting Ry = 10 KO Ry = Ry = 10M Using Bg,12-63 and seting z= 10 KO Ry = RQQ~1) = 12x 2-1) = 30RD 1 a) High freuency gai wv ‘The transfer function tothe output ofthe frst inte gators Meee bm Ver = SK (CR) Vv, Scr” Y, “Thus the centre-fequeney gain ov, Mee - ys + (Re/ Ride» FTO fren = IF R= 10K R — RS kOe Me aS x 10" x 10” Woanorn, © 100 = 104101) = 90K < aZoky « 1f8) = asoan “tales = 167 koBrercise 11-6 Bx: 11.23 Refer to Fig.26-25(0) 59 nF Ry = OR = 9x10 Contre frequency gain = KQ = 1 wie dt 678 ic RIK = 208 200 49 Ex: 11.24 Refer to igh. 26and Table 23-2 C= nF r=. - 1 ___ = wo aC ~ WW x10% OR = 5x10 = S0KN CX Ma gain = 101 = 10m = R/V = 10k 3410 — sox ke: 11.25 From eq 01.76 masges R20. 5 Twos R= B= 0s sone Bx: 11.26 The transfer funtion ofthe Feeback network i siven in Fig, 3 .28a."The poles ae the rots of the denominator polynonnil CGR For, = C= 10 21a, Ry = Sx 108, z 2 1 #4+({—2 — + 1 (exame we #4 53x 104+ 108 = 0 x 108+ Jo x 10" = 4x 10" 2 = =0.382 x 10" and —2.618 x 10° ke11.27 RJa [Wr Vow} vy = 0- SCAR, ver Yes scivyn Wa) + aa d-a, se eG) OER Tin a tere foncone pw peiaeaeeerayiavipaiens For, = C= 1O"E R= 2X WORK 5% X2x10'X0 Fe OS 10 For unity centre-frequency gain 2410 Xa = 1a = 05 RK Thus BS to KM: 5 100 KoExercise 11-7 Yee vs S0.¥0k voll 15000 saw) seyvy Ys Ye ROR Yo ot VoSCUSC SR, BESEaRs # Vy SEUSC SR) a ee ¥e = vifsrevcye, + $8 + sey + > Yel R OCR ER se Yo L/CiCAR)RS v, )s GORR wy = ech asin Bg. (16.77) ECR x: 11.29 2 Ji = 5.63 a Tae oye ~ SF rx: 11-30 Refer to the results in Example 22.2 (ay ARI, ~ +2% Spent 3 4x2 =1% (4) using the results in () for both esistors being 29% high we have: Seo = Keays 4-2) ag. ge 0 0(-2) + (0-2) +0 » 0% ee11.31, From Eq 11.96 & 112.97 e° From Bq¢2. 100 (Conre-frequency 2 kx: 11.32 By = woh Qy ~ 2m 32% 10-6 150 = FRA R> Rb Ry = 2KOR, ~ ISKO 11.33 = RE Ry) fol 1014 10% Be x1 SIO BW = fyfQ = 455055 ~ 13 Ke C+ Ge (Qe 455 107 x5 x 10° = 2447 0 Cy» 2887 = 02 24.27 0Be 11.34 Ton eet speieatons = 5 0 Ry WR, = 485 4 455 x IO y 5 x 10° 650.0 Ry, = 180K ae: A Get ot Ss Veit” ape = 360F = 136 2487 Atresomance the voltage developed across is HR PR) Ts, Vg = TRA te = a Moe = 200 = (0-1 Bq Q6.110) fo. sox atic fo sox Ta 0 = 695 ko. Be: 11.36 Fos q(16.115) ke = 10.77 ne, th = BB = 20 = IH Ke gct6.116) Wo sini, — 2002.3 20 loos Me Bs lana kite For stage 1 Exercise 11-8 ~t. 1 wail (am 10.7 x 10°)? x3 x 10°* = 728 pF 1 1 X LAX 2a 1 “G6, Tax = 15k 1 (2m 1063 x 1x 3% 10" L 74.7 x10" x 141.4 x 2 10° = Isto Bx: 11.37 Gain of stagger-tuned amplifier at fis propor: tional to 1 $1151 117 Gain oF synchronous-tuned amplifier at 10 1 Raaet ® Rage 695 x 695 483 tio = HT. 2 Ratio = HT = 202Exercise 12-1 ex12.1 Pole frequency f= 1 kHz (Centre frequency a3 fl AMPLIFIER GAIN » Ww = G)-0f09) - “e vit eR) 3-09(1 3) “18 -smviv miter gain = —E: = = u io R 30 =v ‘Ths timing ocurs t 2593 = s2orv Sloe in he insting regions -TALR: . 001.3 ~ -oons ¥ R. v Fx 12.3 Ley = (1+ 2) 34 scR> where R= TORI and C= 16.08 ‘Thos 0 tas) = ——__3. 34 $1610 + —— SX 1610 Te closet Hoop poles are Found by setting es) = feta is they the values oF. saiiying BES tox 10% 303 = Moors as= Zoos= 7 (8) The requeney of oscil orks (6) Refer fg. 12.5Atthe postne peak Fo, the voltage at node wil e one diode drop (0.7 V) above the voageV, which is about 13 of V: thos Vj = 07+ 0/3. Now ifwe neglect the cur reat through D. in comparison with the currents through Rand R, we ind that fo= Vy Vy C13) (10516) als to = Yor 3% = 1w68v from symmetry, we see thatthe negative peak is ‘equal 1 the positive peak. Thus the ovtput peak lorpeak voltage is 21.36V pel2.4 8) for oscillations w stan, R.R, = 2 thus the potentiometer should be set so that its resistance to ground is 20k 1 ARC YeIO% 10> 16 10° =1kHy OS, 12-5 ‘Working from 1 up hack to the input and wove getExercise 12-2 (RAGE ys, A “eet wil cil the ave at mates ¥2j0) arc rom toon at oie om Save = Segre = ig ‘Thus, f= Inf x 16x 10" x 10 10" =3143 We For oscillations to begin, the magnitude of v, 69) shoul ua to tor wear that CR CR 12 Ror 120K 2r 10 For C= 16nP R= 108 the culpa is twice ns fang as the voltage sevens the testator. the peak-te-peak amplitude 30 Bx 12.8 v= vate de Bi; 5 Node equation at coflector: wavy + Me 0 RS Since V, # D (oscillations have started) itn be eliminated esulting in 8 tataC( tm + a + SUC + LC) ee Qa ty 100 10" 10% Joy 21 100 L6rke & G 2% 10" 100% 10° sak © AOC LO1 = 656Exercise 12-3, Cy = 656X001 = 06 uF 5100 wa 19 xc QOL 0.66 x 10 001 + 065 Bx; 12.10 from Bq 2.24 1 1 fem — PSEC, re Jos2 x 0012 x10 2015 Mile from Fq(22.28 — foe ot 2s fe -10} — ‘Time delay 125 ms av J ou, 9 re sex O02 4x0 2018 MHz 12.14 A comparator with threshold of 3 and outpot leek of =12.V kx: 12.15 vg = 100 = somv 2 30x 10? = 10 B10 Ry 2K, R,~ b06 Posible choice Ry = KOR, = 20K = 200 R, for Ry = URGE Ry = 200400Exercise 12-4 Bx: 12.16 Bx: 12.17 During 7, Vp(t) = 12 = (12+ Ve Vy = Vp r= 7 Vp = 12-12 4 Vpye Tig \ Shse = i 7 a w(2) | 2 “To obtain a triangular waveform with 10-V peak topeak ample we should ne wu vy, = ea Be k thus = y= 20RDExercise 12-5 For 1 iz frequency, T= fms ‘Thos, mm 3x10" = or Mea Vae = O01 x 107° Rx 10710 R= SOKO Rx: 12.19 Using q02.37 100% 10" = O10" Ry R= ono Bx: 12.20 T= LICR R= TLIC = 91k Re 12.21 T = O69C(R, + 2Ry) —1__ = 969 x 10" 1077 UR, + 2p) 100 10" R42, = — 1 a agoxny 0.09 107 Using Bq (13.45) 7s = Ate RoR, Rit Ry = 025% MAE = OBEN — 2 ()= Oyo Ry = 26rKN Now, substituting into (2) Ry > 727K Use 72 RO and 3.6 892, standard 54% resistors kx: 12.22 isons Atom 2 = O4ma, ius 8, sin a For avs v= IV ‘Toobiain a perfect match at V= 4 Ge. to obtain i= L6mA) 4 Monte 3 RB Ry = 125k for v2 7¥ bo Be eedy ued RR ‘Tooblain a perfect match at v~ 8V we must have to select, 50 that = 6.4 mA, a= 8 57135 ky R= 125k ‘At v= 3V.the circuit provides, (= 2 06 mA while ey 0.1 <9 = 0:9 mA. Thus theo i “sma *ALV = 5th ici povies 5,523 ‘ 1 1 28 = 25 ma Ts the errs sO1ma * AL y= 7V the it roves 2.6 mA. while ideally 141-3 3. the ero is 0:3 mA ALY © 10M. the 0 conn 3 ideally = 10 mA. Thus the enor SOA 4.6 mA . while ideally. Thos uit provides, 1 10 mA. whiteExercise 12-6 Bx: 12.23 Thus, tp = 05 V 2 = Yt Hy = OSI Va =1¥ I mA, % = 07 V4 = LTV uy 1 ~The negative feedback loop isnot 1 R 1 -Wwe— = 14 QA VIR aaa poke “Af ex: 12.25 a FE % v By = (Wa La), = La) For the dio to conduct and close the negative feedback loop, must be negative, in which «ease the negative Feeback causes a vetal short circuit appear between the input terminals of the op amp and thus x, =) For positive 1, the ‘opamp saturates in the postive saturation level ‘The diode willbe cut off and vp = 0. In summary n= 0 for 20 me ny for <0. hepa ise nylon = 0, Fy: 12.26 fy WAV yy > mY ele w my ane ip = OY = toa ict and close the negative feedback ee eee loop around the op amp, »_ ~ 0, the eurent Hough A and D. will be 1 mA. Thus the vot atthe ep amp ovapat, 1, = tm OTN 06V Os¥Exercise 12-7 off and no current will flow through R. Thus 4<0~Deon = 0V For ) = -10mv wil conduct though R.& to "The negative feedback loop ofthe op amp wil thus be closed and a vital ground Sverting input terminal. D. current through R, and D, willbe = 3 goes the & forms D, off “= no current lows through 10 wA.. Tins the diode, D, voltage = O+1WAX kA = +01V 05 +01 = 06v ‘This is similar to the ease when 2y = —10 mV. ‘The current through RR, D, willbe Tima, ty, = 07 ty = OF IMA x 10K = 10 10+ vp) = 107 ¥ +08 Rx; 12.27 V1 >0)- Equivalam Ci x ~D.on.D off wo D, ‘ 15, dow ea Current flows from through RR D, in the no ‘utput terminal ofthe opamp. 5 goes negative k and is thas off The following circuit esl: = Kyu eR As uy goes negative the above eieuit holds so that y= 0. This occurs a the 18 V supply sources the current even for smal negative “This situation remains the ease until = 0 + Biting ae me D, of,Exercise 12-8 bv aR 4o- we OnIk =0- (849 oo (R te e-a-5 ote vy = ay + 07 4350 tp, © 0~V, <0 Dy off Bx: 12.29 oy 04 Bp,| dave 6 voi fone <1 ayy OAV NB for all eiruits, currents are given in mA. ress tance in KAD & voltages in V, b) y= LY ~similarto the circuit in (a) but with all ofthe undergrounded opamp input tei- nasat vy = 1 nety P= 1/1040 = Ot ma m= 14D *) +07 + 0.1 log ov re) y= 10 V~ simile to (a) (by ~ all input terminals (not grounded) of epamps is xual 0 10, y= Vv = 1 2 1 mA~ diode vohages = 0.7.V i= 1A ~ diode voltage Va = wt Upp = 10407 = 107V oy ory Vas Vat Vn = 01 6074 01 we (22) = 063 V 002 mA soy 04407-4041 tog =063V fel oy © 1 Ve se circuit in td) 10.4 mA Yes wey 1 OL mA Jy = P= OMA Yewey 1607 04 toe(22 = 163 VExercise 12-9 1 = ~10V wsecireuit() 1=0ma w= 4 10V 1 LOmA 1, = 2A, Va = Vet Voy = 10-07 0. toe = 1073v ke 12.30 URLS For 9) = 0 ie. = Jo n> fo and ty = = In 2 1 ed For /50,ie.07 = [nf ty 0. wy -h * bel Thus, the block diagram implements the absolute value operation, Using the circuits of Fig82. 24), with the diodes reversed, ro implement the half-wave cetifir, and weighted summer results in the crcvit shown below, Ry Be 12.32 1, isa sinusoid of 5-V rms (peak voliage of 5/8) The average current through the meter will be 2522, to obainftlscae leading. This ‘rent mist be equal to 1 ma, Ths 2 x Sf = 1 mA. ithich leads o R= 45 kA V, wil be maximum when Vali postive Peake. xy = SBV.Attis vale of VA we bain n= Voy + Vat Von t Ve where You = Voy se 07 and 52 $2 sos = aor v Vila = 07408 107 5.8 = RSV Similarly we ca caleotte ~ 855=Veews _ 1502 Tea - Yeo) _ = 07 = (15) 148 = 097kO. a = Ve ~ Vine 15-02 48v Vee + Verse 15 +02 =-148 Output signal swing is from 14.8 V to ~14.8V Maximum emitter current = 20 = 2x 14.8 = 296mA x 13.2 At vy = —10V, the load current is —10.mA and the emitter current of Q; is 148 ~10 = 4.8 mA. Tes aes = 06 +0025 (#48) 06a Thus, vj = — 10+ 064 = -9.36V At y, = OV, i, =O and ipy = 14.8 mA 48 Thus, viper = 0.6 + 0.025 In Aty 10 mA and iy = 24.8 mA, ‘Thus, ape = 0.6 + 0.025 In (24.8) 0.68 10.68V ‘To caleulate the incremental voltage gain we use Ru Rtra Aty, =—I0Y, ip) =48 mA and 25 ao Ba s20 Ths, 2 i t= 0995 viv uy Drones ~ 0995 V/ 2s Similary.at v= OV. ray = 2S = 1.70 mete oF a8 a y 100017 Atty, =+10V. ig) = 248mA and 7.) = 1.0 1 T= 000i and, 0.98 v/v. ‘Thos, = 0999. V/V Ex 13.3 ap, = Col BY BBY - ox.w P, Vice X T= 2% 10 100 x 107 =2W se Pe Bfcieney = Pt x 100 y= 5 032 932 x 100 © (©) Using Eq. 10.22 Ponmes = Pormes = == Fx 13.5 (a) The quiescent power dissipated in each transistor = fy X Vee ‘Total power dissi Wy X Vc = 2x 2x 107 x15 60 mW (b) Ips increased to 10 mA From equation 13.31. - Vr as Ro iptiy 10410 ae Re _ _100 REF Rog TOO 128 Exercise 13-1Be = 0.988 at y= 0V Ata = 10V, 10Vv. i. = 12M = 01a = 100mA 1009 ° 00 tse equation?3-27to calculate fy fe hie He = 0 ie 100i,= 10° = 0 ly = 99.99 mA using equation 13.26 ip = beim Iw Rou = ee u+e Yee —& - __100 _ RFR,” 100+ 0087S % change 0.988 109 = 1.2% 1 In example .5 Jy = 2 mA, and for = 0 RLF Ry 100+ 635 y= 10V tov n= BY = 100.ma Again calculate i (for, = 2 mA)using equation 13.271, = 99.96 mA, 025.0 10 mA, change is 1.2% 2mA, change is 6% (c) The quiesent power dissipated in each transis- la X Veo ‘Total power dissipated = 2 * 10 10 x 15 = 300 mW Ex 13.6 From example13.4 V,.= IS V,R, = 1000 Q, and Q, matched and 1, = 10°" and B = 50, mA = 10 ov, = = 01a AAs a first approximation iy = 0.1 A, i = 0. ina = OLA 509 2 mA 1 3 the output devices. tris} istomec big deste ama of +Vee a n [se @ [Equating equations {and 2 nfo] vam (254) ( 10" J in(iy = 01) Ty 10" o= Baro i 01) = 9 10 Tics in mA, then iii 100,39 iP oon 9 =0 iy = 1001 mA jem ig i= Ol mA =10 For = -10V and i, = 2 = -01a Too = =100mA ‘As. first approximation assume ip = 100 mA, 20 since i, ~ 0, current through diodes = 3.mA Exercise 13-2Here i, Equating equations 3 and 4 vin (22) Teo Vain ("22 + vt ( (22) idip- 04) i ; Teqo-3} 7 a0 Bo Y is (01) = 81 x 10° Expressing cents mA i= 100)81 ie 1004,—81-0 ip = 1008 mA =i i O08mA x 13-7 Alc = fe 2mV/°C XS °C, mA where gy is in mA JV 10m. 04 mA/mV Thus, Me = 04X2%5 = 4 mA Ex 13.8 Refer to Fig, 10.14 (2) To obtain a terminal voltage of 1.2 V, and since By is very large, it follows, that Vp = Vaz = O.6V. ‘Thus Jey = Tima, 12V 212 2 o5ma RR, 2d Thus. = dey ty = SMA (6) For AVgp = 450 mv: 125 2 = 125 - 952m SV dy = SP = 052 mA 2 125 . g62sv 5 5 boc etter 00s oms Tams 2.72 +052 = 324mA For AVgg = +100 mV 13 Vpp = 13V In = 13 ™ 24 054 mA 065 V rx Mt ox =739 739 +054 = 7! For AVyy = +200 mV: Vep=14V00 y= & = 0.58 mA Vee = 0.7V Tey = 1 28985 = 54.60 mA = 54.60 +0.58 = 55.18 mA =11SV Ip = EB = 048 ma 24 Lu Voge = 1S 2 = 0575 Tey = 1% 6 88/5 0.37 mA 1 = 048 +037 = 085 mA For AV py = ~100 mV: uu Vap=1.1V Ip = EE = 0.46 mA In = Ht = 046 Vag = 0.55V Tey = 1% 6 29% = 0.13 mA 1= 0.46 + 0.13 = 059 mA, 200 mV: 1 sh = 0417 ma na” 0.018 mA, Bx 13.9 Using equation 13.43 Fr WD, ° "= (WID), wid), 7Des War 7), x02" 1 M, 3h (Yes ~ Vd)? 1 = $x 0100 (iF) x 02? Vous + Vass Yon + YD + Wo * MD = 02 +05) + (02 +05) v0 = 10.250 x 200% v3, 3V,, = 063 Using equation 13.46 Vomex = Vo ~ Vorlgis ~ Vin ~ = 25-02-05 ~ 063 Liv kx 13.11 [New values of W/L are (F),- 22 - mw Gain Error = ~0.035 X 100 = 3.5% 2g _ 2x1 x10 = bap = 2g = 2X10" Bina = Bmp ~ Fy al = 14.14 may —_. HB np + Bom 1 10x (414 + 141) X10 2350 Bx 13.12 See solution on next page Exercise 13-4Ie ten Vesa = Yn Assume Qy off (Vesy = Vp) 80 iya = 0 and inmte Yor int tan Wo aly tg = 3he (T) Yoon Wad™ eH) sone Wot") 2Vscro ~ Wid) = (Wscre ~ Wel) 2Vscr0~ 2 + Wel = Wecrq— Wa Find V,; forthe gle volage, Very Vson2 Vore = (Vow ~ Varo) * (Vor ~ Via) (ers Yoo) = ~ Vscrg + Vor Va) (osm OR} ~ Vscrs = ~ Vscrg + (Von ~ Via) sing (1): = 2Vserq+ Vik = ~ Vsar@ + w(Vo2 — Via) (Via — Vor) = — Vscra + 2¥scro— Wil Vg = Von» ser = Wal) = y,, 4 You ® » Plug this value for Vy into the value for Venn and show Vesya = Vow (= Vf5+ Vane) + #(Vo2 ~ Via) = Vas ~ (Ys) You Vewwo + A Vfo- vhe~ Yat) = v, where Vova = (Vesna ~ Ym) = (Vsara Val) Vago ~ Vofro + Vin = Vosy2 QED. ‘Same proof for p transistor. Exercise 13-5gy 13.13 Ty-Tr= CaP 200 = 25 = 0450 1: ie = 3 2 ssciw Gy = 1B = aser But, Oy, = O)e4 Ops + O5y 3S = 144064055 1stcrw kx 13.14 (a) From syinnetry we see that ll transistors will ‘conduct equal curents and have equal Vag’ Thus. 4 =0V ov Vey = 0.7V and f, 1 we neglect fy then Jey =2.86mA Var 33107 Thus Vpy = 0.68 V and = 2.87 mA [No more iterations are required and 7 md ()For y= +10¥: “To start the iterations let Vy, Thus, IV a 4 Q Neglecting fy. Toyz ley 244 = O8OMA Buta this current > 06v Thus, Vey = #106 V and J, = O88 mA No for ther iterations ae required 3nd fey = O88 mA, ‘osfind fea we use an idemical procedure Vary=0.7V Vez = 10-07- 49.3 fy B=EID ~ sama - n( 28610" Vara» 00s w( $6107) =008v Veg = 10-619 = 49.357 1487 ma 0@V Tas Jes = Hea 19S mA Exercise 13-6‘The symmetry ofthe circuit enables us to ind the values for xy = —10'V a follows Fey = 487 mA Tey 088 mA ey = leg = 1.95 mA For = HOV. =Viy~Vaes 1046 ~ 0.62 ~ +9.98V For 4 = ~10 Ve ¥, "Vey~Yars 9.357 - 062 = -998V (o)For = +10. t= 10V 12 10mA, T2100 ma. Assuming that Vg his not changed mh from 8.6. then V1 = W6V 1s 10.8 488 ma 4 3 Tey = nlay = O88 — 05 0,38 mA Jey =0.38mA Vger ~ 0025 In| os8v Vpn = sev 0.30 ma Ths. Now for Qs we have: Vr: = 0683 ¥ Vp = 0643 - 9.357 1 487 ma, Im Jeg = 487 MA Casi) Assuming that fy = 100 mA, - 100 107 ve 0 sony Thus, 4 =Ver-Vaes ~ 10.58 ~ 0.72 Vaca = % ~ Vex = 986 - 9.36 = 05 x 10-8008 49.86 ABT mA Ie, =038mA 0.02mA Icy 100.mA 2, = -986V. x 13.15 For: Jer © tap Bet” ie ic = By lee € “Thus, Bifective scale current = By fp (by Etfetive current gin Br By 20% 50 000 00% 10"? = 50% 10 yn = 0025 In (2 > 10!) = 0651 ky 13.16 See Figure 13.34 When Vs = 150% 10 2ma wo = Hom) % Ry them he be 2x 10 io + 25% 10-4 ) 6sv Exercise 13-7150% 10°" Ry = 0651 Ry = 4340 Py = Wal BY IM peak output current = 100 mA me Vas = Rin 100:mA = 4.34 > 100 % 10-* Ths ¥, = AIXEXE = 82 oassv (F168 peak-to-peak leg = Hy eves 5 Ex 13.20 = 10-1 goewras Voltage gain =D35 WA na where K Ex 13.17 2am RR ‘Total eurent out of mode B= ” (201 Jay $625 W kx 13.21 We wish to value av, Veg = 3-3 = -6 mv. Mat w 3-3 -6 2Ry/ Ry QED but From Bq. 20.58 Ry) ae (1+) Mee or ts -6 = (16 8) & no? Bx 13.22 Refer to Figure 13.44 re ®, = tor = Salon Mev" Fow = Hop = 5 Walon 7M 6 w For AR > f, hoo x 10-8 = Px 2¥ a) ~ 3 Os Wal — WP = Ves = 332 Van = 2 Veg = 6.64 V 664 sities ane Bev Ry, Venn (0 Years AV ea sot = enor (1s Bear —ax 07 pig 10 ees than 2.9 W, a main sappy slags of 20 is called fo. The 20-V supply curve intersects the 295 ¥edistoration line at point for which the eutpat povier i 4.2.W, Since Exercise 13-8Exercise 14-1 Be l4.1 Inthe low-ouput state the transistors on and 1 en a = fos =p HCL Was~ YA) “Therefor, the caren drawn rom the sop in this sate can be ealevlated a op = Bem = 50 WA Ry + toy Soka, 2sv 50 eA Abo: Vou, Substtaing for pe ro = DKA and hence: = 4840. Rp trys: = 2 ro obtain! Toobiain'E , we use 2% 10" 125 x 10 x (25 — 05) ‘When the switch is closed oF in lo-output state, the eurent avin from the supply is $0 A, = 25% 5010" = 125pw 1c ste is open, no curent is den poly: Pop = 0 Pop = Vondnn When t from the ut slow the out s high and equa to is ease, the switch is connected 40 Vou Fe therefone the current through Ky, is zee. Hence, Vay = Veo = 3V When the input is high the usps ow a equal {0 Vj The switch is connected io Re, Hence Von = Ver ~ Redan = $~ 2% 1 = 3V Fe 14.3) Todetermine we use: KRy = band sub 1089, Ry — 108 Ay = 300 eA? Ww 30010? Bc tax 10 r 1 aaR9 Noise margins stay unchanged, because VorVon-Vns¥re only dependon Vip, Vi and V, .Since V, has not changed, noise mary stay the same. Inarder to calculate the power dissipation, we need to frst reealeutate = Von 18= 02 Yon: ton = “BR 502 168 WA Pon ~ Vortnn ~ V8X 168 WA © 3024 wW \ w Powwrae = 3Poo = 1SE w Note that keeping V, unchanged resulted in higher power consumption, bu noise margins stayed the same, ee: 14.4 ‘Todetermine V,., we use KR, = band with Ry, © 10 KA and Ky ‘unchanged: 25 0.089 x 25 = . = 0089 x 25 = a22v ‘To calculate the new noise margins, we have to find Von Vin, Yn. Yon 18 V unchanged = 054022 = ov Von = Yoo vas v4 Vin = V+ 1080 po, — Va = 05-4 LA/TEROD — 0.22 Yoo Yo = 22 1 Yee. ar NMy > Von Vy = 18~ LAE = 049 V Nat, = Vi O72 026 = 046 ‘The power dissiption becomes: 1 Pawan = 5Po on = Won Von ~ Vor me Po incone 139 ww otha ein unchanged resulted in lower ojse margins and higher poser dissipation,Exercise 14-2 Bx 14.5 fem. fs. hen (W7T), 73 a From 9.14.20; Yay = Vyp~¥, = 13V changed From Ba. 14.28 Woe Vaso? Yo" =e WAVop= 2) DUMAG—2x05) onv rom F4.14.22 Vy, = ¥, = OSV anchanged From Bq. 14.23 _ 1843-105 VT = o7¥ From £34.26 gether with seting ay, a, 2 [t= wt $0] = Wan - 4~ 20)" [ler mee feo] = ¢ , diy _ dog Ly + (y= aye ~ aye 2h! [vo + (WP ~ wo Ge] newest fo 8 = 1 en ur Hw +8) taal = +V on ¥)= Von 910.74 = Vig) = 1.18 Vy = O61 Aly = Von Vy = 13~61 = 69 NM, = Vip~ Vo, = SAD = 38 Be 14.6 The inverter tea i approximately A Wl, + Wake Since Mt =, and We =U wehave Wy kyl, amd Ly = Wy Assuming &, > 1. we have Ly d and Wy. hss A= BLihy 4 WekeW, = LS kal ka = ha F102 ~ Voy +054 0.12} = 18-05 ~ 012 Bx 14.7 From Bq24-36we have: Py = CV, Paw = 100% 10" % 100% 10°" x 1.87 324 10" = 324 pw Ex: 14.8 x: 14.9) VAI) = VC) (V2) = COE" me tan = 00° 969 For tpyy* VO psee. with C= 101and Vpy = L8V i aa 069 = 1.2maExercise 14-3 Bx: 14.10 Fo fpy the ouput starts at Vp, and g0e8 10 Voy) ‘through the Pu which is 20 kA: Vat) = Vile) ~ (Vole) ~ Vole ‘nut Vou Wan = Voude ont Von (bv + 5¥o0) [Wow * Von (20) ne pu = 0.69 R.C = 0.69 (20 K) (101) = 138 pSec For fq the output stars at Voy and goes to Vey through Py which is 10 KO (Gran B¥oc~ Bu) — Vout Vow {-1(8)) = tm M69.R.C = 069% 10K x 10f = 69 psce ral tr = Sto + tra) = 3038 p+ 699) = 10" pseeBx 14.11 Volt) = Vol=)~IYo() = VotO"yle" Volt) = 0-1 py ~ O}e#2E mH 1yis when wages ~.1V jp Won = ~Vone mca) = Levey t= 23-2K-100f = 0.46 ascoExercise 14-5 fe: 14.12 8) From Eq. 14.58 Vy = 00 = Wal) + Vor op rt 06 = 2-04) +04 96 4 967 Tr 20840427 = 1 fe fee ete pam fe =e, = 4x O13 um = 052 wm) Vow = Yoo = 12V. Vo, = OV av) = 4 Yn = {Von 2¥) =H SK 12-2x04) = 065v = GV pp + taxiae2x Vy. = 43¥on + 2¥) = Lax 12.42% 04) 035. NMy = Von ~ Vy = 12~065 = 055. NM, Vu Vou = 055V ©) The output resistance of the inverter inthe low: output state 1 no Yoo 1 x10 x M12 —0a) Ca tance inthe high-output state isthe same: fuse = fom” 2.9 KO avre() = (8) = 10-vetme rence: Yy = 25U2= 0804 - 953 y Fx: 14.13 fq. 14.58 and 24.59 When Vy = Ving and Vi) = 02V-Qy-aperates triode region and hence the citeit is given as mone 302410 = 50 10° (¥) [5— p02 -$x02"}->(¥) = 5 ) = 10 wx: 14.14 Using Eqsa4-63 co 14 67We have: aC Frmate: 4, = 29, that Vigo [Vals thenay = a, = 1.99 tog = EAI 4795 Sasi 1318 214.15 From Eq.14-68we have: frm > O69R,C and if we substine for Ry & x10" C = 5. knvthen: ) from Bq.24.70 Le Ry = tam = 0.69 x 2S 8625C yy w Cr 50% 10 (i) Similarly, using Eqs. 8and 14.71 we obtain:Be 14.19 £8) As mentioned on page of the Text, Cy i the ‘contibution of ininsic capacitances of Qy and 5 Qp. Therefore, im = Bega + 2Cy42+ Cot Coo # Cin 2X ONDS +2 03375 H+ 1 = 295F Cou = Cts + Chat Cy = O787S + 2.3605 4-02 = 335KF 1) From B.14.-79 we have: ‘ny = O68Rq C = 069% 30 x 10'S = 049(RCut RC) Thetis re 14.16 vr td pr ee propor 9 C patty 069! anode tedce fom = tom ~ orginal * the extrinsic pat by a factor of 2, $ has to be {increased by factor of 2. Not th ‘Therefore, My has to be redoced by Fator of 2 have wbe sein = 8256 lp crest (2) an Cou = 10628 pF increased by factor of 2. ) Cue 6) om Eg.14.73 " Ce 69h Cig + yCes) Hones, Fl 106252 476 puce . 625 ® tyace Cin + Cal S ten Cat Gay, int Con Cs Cae 2.9 + 3.35/2 Wp is reduced from 1.125 jm 10 0.375 im For $= 2 tyay = SEES aS X28 ps 9398 199 = 93 rection = 205 ps Coos = 03805 F A = We Landsinc (#) i dobled and a = Gye OT8TSIE © = (4X 038750) 6 IPs UP + (278950 + 26 4.205 1F Fx: 14.20 Using Bq. 214.35 is constant, then A or area is also double. , 1 (4225, . ee frm = 246% 10 (BBL) = 166 pee py fevgg? = 1 10" 625% 102 1 pw tran = MS 10 ‘The maximum possible operating frequency is: rm * tn) Ex 14.18 1 i9.GHe fon = 3 Dex 10) The minimum period al which the inserter com reliability operates Tose > trae © tre Ts. 1 Tas Tome Ta = 1796 MeExercise 14-7 Be 14.21 2) For NMOS devices: Woy a OB yyy 2 027 T ans ane For PMOS device: gp = 08 2s Wo ap = Wc gg = BIG 4p ig 4 0.18 1) For NMOS devies: Ws ay ~ UB x i an For PMOS devies Woy = OB 5. O58 Pow ~ one Fx 14.22 (9) The minimum current available to charage @ oad capacitance is that provided by a single PMOS device. The maximunt curent avalible to charge a load capacitance is that provided by four PMOS transistors. Thus. the ratio is 1b) There i only one possible eanfiguration (or path) for capacitor discharge. Thus the minimum ‘nd xin currents ae the same = ratio Fx: 14.23 ‘Since dynamic poser dissipation i sealed by 4, androgen dy ey es FOP xt 5 oF of § decreases by 14.24 FV yy and Weare kept constant, the entries in “Table. 2that change areas Fallows 1 viously: Vpp and V, do not seale by 1 Obviously: Vpp and, ieby more. They are kept constant! 1, 8E singe a» Ye p= phe a tnchanged, while Cis seated by {and "is scaled by S.therefore t, isscated by LS = 1 nergy Swit 1 5 egele1€.CVn issealed by gq» E00 and tis sce by LES. = § 2 Ws Bx 14.25 Using Ba.24.94 we have: — 025 x 10"* vx 107 x 10°? 00 % 107 For the NMOS transistor, Ves = 1.2 results in Vig ~ Vag = 12-04 = OB V whichis greater than Ving = 0.34 V. Also, Ving °* 1.2 V isgreater than Vip hus both £q.14-102 are satisfied and the NMOS wansistor ‘will be operating in the velocity saturation region and thus is given by Eq. 14.100 ty» nox wx 1sx0m(12~o4- 0x4) (1 00 12) = 1847 WA if veoh stration ere shen the comet would fy = Seana wt 15012 -049 (140112) © 2312 WA Saturation i obtained over the range Vig = O34V 10 1.2V compared to Voy = Vow = (12-04) = 08 V w12V in the absence of velocity saturation, For the PMOS transistor, we se that since Was) ~ [Val = O8 V and [Vpg) = 1.2 V are both lager than [Vj,.J = 06 V the device will be operating in velocity saturation and iy = 0x 10" hs xoe(12-04— 1x08) 0112) = S54 WA 06 = Vp 12V without in = Px toy 18x 0612-0470 01% 12) = 591 nA Vig = Vpn 12 V oF OSV = Vig = 12V [Note thatthe velocity saturation reduees the NMOS curent by 33% and the PMOS curtent by =1%14.27 4) Using Bg. 14.2102 we have fn = LaVost Vy ‘Therefor, the slope of the straight ing subthreshold conduction is given by: nv, = 23nVy iogte} BV, = 25 mV for ip» 100A alVgs = 21V 00m = se" 1, = Anh ip = sine "7 = ama, ©) For Vos = sig = «IA Tams = 500% 106 X 1 10°? = 50. mA Pon = Iai % Vp = 0X12 = 60 mWExercise 15-1 15.1 (W/L), = 15 (W/L), = 0.42 ton = 15.2 Using oq. 05-22 Yo = 3} - as-osyx . [-4]- es-os Vow val Wow ~ vol i (-f-a Vou = 027 ing ¢5,23and 5.24 wm, = os~crfr~ fi=t ory 2 iy NM, Naty = Woo ~ Val t= using 6g. 125.12 = HOO i418 059? = Bos WA Po = luaV nn = 864 25 = 022 mW PE.1S and 5.26 w= MAB) (8) 08 1.68 x 7x 10°" 30x10 x Lx 25 using eq 15-27 and a5 28 we fee) 0-28) G30] tn > = O11 nse — at ne is < (28) sca 1 > Mnm + tna) = Mette + 0083) ~ O07 mee 15.3 Vo = Vt Won P28, since Von = Von Vso Vi = Vint Wn = V4 2b, — 30, Substituting values, we gt v, 05 403v"? (SRV EV, F088 V — J v, = as 40a"? /56V~V, - ov" ORV v,~ 0223 = 03 /265-T, Squaring both sides yields V3 0446, + 005 = 0.09(265 ~ vi) sotha V2 ~ 0.356V, ~ 0.189 = 0 Solving this quadratic equation, yieks ome praetcal value for V, V, = 0688 V Von = Yoo Vs =LIsv 25) 18 V— 0618 v 1s.4 (a) Referring to Fig15-12 without loading Vay 95. Vn 20 (Referring to Fip 25.12, Sa) ae bal Jes0 ar vi HBS v= 1 = 800 ar nyt) > int = $8) Van Yl Sonny Sav -1vy SJov— vy 20 na Capacitor curren is 1e(0) ~ igy0) + Hyg) = BOON + 520 pA = 1120 wa “To obvaindns@pyp, We note that this situation is identical w that in Example 2.and wean thereat of pat) lngltran) ~ 50 pA indir tM) ig ‘peaExercise 15-2 Q, will tw off when V, = |V,f where Wal = Ve * a1dVoo= Wal P38, ~ 5,1 Thus. itun) ~ SORA + SpA = 325 pA Solving for (Vy ‘els, = $UN20MA + 325pA) = 7125 pA Wal = 1V+05v"? id 3Y (%2") m0" tons a) W,l~061ay = osv"? SaV=Wvq dee FESO A Squaring both sides and sting nese equal to 24 ns zr, we hae the quae equation (©) Referting to Fig28.14), IW. — 0976)¥, ~ Lozav? ~ 0 1e(™) (pp — v9? solving, we get |V,J © L6V. F(Z) mo -¥ nes we eet [Vs] @ coun} V— 1 vi = Bo wa Sour rm = 1028 9+ 01999 = O22 as Le) van in Hi) Van ¥ 15.5 = heopasv(3\sv - vy = = Jemma sv (S)sv— 109 = sama ilo) fol) = MOA OHA = 3944 inde) = = othe valet Odin abe in txore 18-14 [em 15.6 = 0 pas vt ® (¢) is = sua Using 408.36 ind tp hw rt ten Vy en DS BS. ayy y, y, te We a = "eestichomegonis i Vg = Y20 15.7 Wy ND J siveasv'| BY +06 y— Mev] - ts nr) = $8) [888 GF Fell) © fost (20RA/¥ a9 vy = pA Using Fq.as.38 1) inpltrm) Bp = OOM Coan * Creal, | Cas 1 Cr = 688 fA PA TON nA HAR, + Re file = M2OBA £108 BA ony pea = WQDICIOLE + SH VLISKAtY + HOFF + StF So SIS KOE 125 KAD) . , 064 %) roe Y) io 019 as : onc 5ABe YB ao] aallne x xon > rT. w— Tb 15.9 7 Y oh) = Sa doubling (¢)min doubie(P) and if Vp) $0 ig(Vpp) = 2076.1 pA) © 152.2 wd “) B78 WA w rovae( tao L ee Cfvan— 8) tm = > = Muoyru.sy - 19 0s 1450-4 15.10 Refer io Fig 215.10 i Exercise 15-3 1 ay $x 50x 15-0) = 400A foyteu = Vo = KF) [- vv, L. = sox f(s o1- fxr] 1750 ‘oily = SOLUS — oat (oll ™ Crs Boy, ar= Cul¥oo~ Vi) 40 10-4 lotler 288 x 10° 056 ns (4) Following the hi we ase that Quy ‘erainy saturated dring At intra = v= HH) B-n 1 fink © 4 50% 108 lee” f 100 x 10°" x 056 x 10% 40x 10" = =v “Thus, rq decrease to NG, 15.11 Voy =O Vin = ~088V SHOULD BE SHIFTED BY ~ 088 V Voy = ~O88V AFTER SHIFTING Vg = ~LT6V AFTER SHIFTING 15.12 Refer toFig. 215-22 Neglecting the base curent 6f Q, the eure threngh Dy. Dyand Rais 0.6285 Gon 98 Tus. = Igy = fgg = Ue? 32~ 078+ " 0979 4 Thus beri for Varig 209) lox * 075 + 002s w( 22%) = 0760 v ad cored 1 400 mA Foe Up & Vip ~~ 1208 tes = Poe 1S 075 + 82 OIS$82 = 66m 1 " , 19 x A166 Vrigg ~ 075+ onnsn( 222-4186) Tans "748+ $2 I om 4.12 mA, “im, Velgg © = 2360215 = —049 A better estimate for Var is Vrugs = 078+ 002s #2) =osiy Tans erste = 049-0818 = =131V 15.15 REFER TO FIG.15.22for Vp Vy = = 1.205 ‘The value of f; we found in Bxercise 15.2440 be AI2MA. The Velyg™ 0.22 412 = 0906 V yon ~ 0.906 — 0.75 = = 1.656 V = 2165642 Moy = = HESS? ~ 688 ma A beter estimate forVarlog Varig, = 0.75 + o.02sin( #8) 0798 v and corespondingly Vor = ~ 0906 ~ 0.798 = —1.704 v (yFor 9 = Vow = ~088 V, = 088 — 075 152 o- SOME —OTS #52 4.58 oy he ia 4.58 mA [A better estimate For Vga, is 458 Vaal = 025 + 002s Thus, = Velen Yeon Nar = = 075 + 002sin(*) Vyon = — 10.79 = 1.79. {€) The input resistance int the base of Qs is BED Rel of so) 55540Exercise 15-5 Volos. (5.55 x2} 022 km) vi, Flos * Re a SSO _ - 9269 25 , (Ae mx Nor. 50.0 0909 le OF SH “hos, 280 Mt — 0.269 x 0909 = ~024V/V Flos 4) See figure below. Assome Vge0.79V ork (v-0.79503) of. 01,079) 079K “sv because the current will bed to 5 mA), Atthe range of saturation, Ie = aly 0- Vv, + 079-03 Teo ¥,- 079452 oT V5 058 099 x 15.16 Refer vo Fig.25.26 For the reference circuit, the ‘current through Ry. Dy, Dz. and Ry i mA 4.98 + 0.907 a ~0s7v Vy = 057-075 = =132V Infgy ~ =!S2*S2 ~ 0636 ma 7 “Thus the reference cireuit draws a eurent of (0629 + 0.636) = 1.265 mA trom the 5:2.V ‘upp. I follow that the power dissipate inthe reference circuits 1265 X5.2 = 6.6 mW. Since the reference circuit supplies four gates, the dissipation abated oa gate is SE 165 mW. Inadditio, the gate draws a curent Jy ~ 4 mA from the $.2V supply. Thus the total over dissipation / gat Py > AKS2 4165 © 224 mWExercise 16-1 w16.1 iene 59 stony = 5 = YEP de ite Ye at wt ne on: (7) = 37), a6 (DC ¥) <6 (8), (vm ene Ay ak = 300 par V8s WJ» 05: Vpy = 18 somo NE) (Eas) Yas 09422) a2 10 (8) = 170% 10" (2), = 69° deem By 16.2 Bits for row adress = tors logy") = togs(1.024) 2 log3(2) = logs( 1,024) Bits for column adress 2" = DK tog, 128) x t= CRIN? 2x 10°? x $x 10" x 069 > 69 ns ex 16.5 Cax AV, Ty a To find J, we use » Sco) on (<4 Io > $0 10% 25x 8-05 = 05)* V9) = 240 WA, 2x10? x02 240 10" (8) <5 are = LT ws 1, = 4x 300% 10% 15 (LR 05 05) twa é 28 ns ~ therefore.Exercise 16-2 ) x efi-(1- @),<@t-(- (2) <2) (Z), <25x25=(F) «02 x16.7 rom Egs.16 14 and26..25 we have: Vin = Yon Bx16.8 ‘Atea of the storage array = 64 1024 1024 x2 = 134217728 p 1342 mm’ or equivalently 11.6 mm > 11.6 mm ‘Total chip rea = 131342 174.6 mm? = xx 16.9 Refer to Example 16 .2 © wean Since Ar is proportional to + reduce Ar bya factor of? by dcereasing ry same factor, Ata re 1 Hence, Gy has to be double ad ot gy A Yay have W he inoreased by Factor of 2 The increase in gy can be achieved by inceing he compo (i), «2a (F 3.2% 132 mm? x 16.11 Vow Prom Eq.16.28.¢ o = Son. 0" X18. 190 ya ar Ene P= Vppl = 18% 180 WA = 324 ww kx 16.12 Refer to Fig, 13.26 ‘Our decoder is an extension of that show: ‘We have M bits isthe addres (as apposed to 3) and corespondingly there will be 2 word lines. "Now, each ofthe 2" word lines is connected to M NMOS devices and 1o one PMOS transistor. Thus the total number of devices required is M2"(NMOs) + 2"“PMOs) aie) py 16.13 Refer to Fig.13-28 Our tee decade will have 28 bit nes. Thus it will have N levels: At the first Tevels there willbe? transistors. a the second At the Nuh level there will be 2" transis rs. Thus the (otal umber ef transistors ean be find as Number = 24274 2° so 4a = 2 eds [Geoweirie series r 121) x16 .14 fe TRH, -—1 2xsK10 © 100 xt«(Penis ty = x i0~ a5 Las ma By | ro - + 2x WX? Ging 1.65 x 10 o 3k —_ —4 23 2.2% 3% 10°83 x In? Wm Exerciee 16-3 {(© Inne time-constant the voltage reached is 22 =< = 0622V 9 = 316 Voo(t =e SV 4sv to INT ‘Saurated 3.16V n= He(Y) ars? = 1xs0x8x 216 }xs0x 8x 216 = 035 ma, av tn 2x10 F X05 39 95 035% 10 are1.2 a= ¥ = Tko y Yn WY «toma ® mre t= Y ~ ron Ta (VIR = HMA x1OKD » 100. v Se =o wie v ion Nowe: Vols elias. and kilo-ohms const a consistent st of units. 1.2 wy oie toma x tka = 10¥ > WOMAN xTKR = 100 a (18 = Vit = 10 Vim = 10K Pe VE = 10VXI mA ~ 10m (t= piv wioveota RVers 10 VI01A~ 1000 (OY = Pit ~ 0a Witoma = to mwitoma = 10¥ R= V/1= 10ViOmA (oP > fee! = JE7R 1» AO wWTTT = 318.00 Vm IR = 36mAX LR = H6Y ‘oe: 0A. KP, and mi conte x cons tense nit 1.3 ‘Tas. there are 17 possible esstance ves to 1.4 ‘Shantng the 10_LO by aresotor of valve of Areal inthe combioation having a esstanee “Thus fora 1 redeton. B= 099-28 = 90KE me Fora $i reduction, 95-2 = 190k0. rea) Vora 10% reduction. A mo Fea $0% rodcton, afi = 050008 = 10K me Shum be 1040 by IM pete OnI0 . 10 - 99 Ra fore” Ta ka. 1 Peron: {10040 rotsin inte Pa” foe 8% ton (104A tain = Pa” 10+ 16 1 50% reduction 090 8 = 9OKA 1 = sno. = 5kO, Chapter 11 1.5 Be vp = 0” Vong? “Tofind Rp. we shor cicut Vng an ook Mick Inv soe X, Ro = RR 1.6 AiR: ark, “Use voltage divider to find ¥, “ates pln ae R f= GOH ORAM) © 22401 Thecuteme hero Vf 28% emnce v = 294y y—--2M1 = 008 THT os at > Gos} = usy Voom This figure is for 1.3 0 0 oo 0 8 ott an ws 2, aN oo 0 x» 0 o 0 16 Ma 19 0 m fom rar ~ AW ,

Microelectronic Circuits Sedra Smith 6th Edition Solution Manual For INTERNATIONAL EDITION

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Microelectronic Circuits Sedra Smith 6th Edition Solution Manual For INTERNATIONAL EDITION

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