TMP Draft 05082013 PDF

NOVEMBER 2012
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION
DEPARTMENT OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
GOVERNMENT OF KERALA
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM MASTER PLAN
Planning Team:

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FOREWORD
Historically, Thiruvananthapuram has been the seat of power ever since the Capital of erstwhile
Travancore kingdom was shifted from Padmanabhapuram. The capital city is a representative show
piece of the character and culture of a State and hence it deserves meticulous land use planning. The
city has a Development Plan, sanctioned by Government in 1971 and a Second Development Plan
was prepared and published in 1993. Both these Plans cover only the central area of the present

surpassed the planning area of the Sanctioned Development Plan and second Development Plan
(published), necessitating a new Master Plan.
Upholding the commitment of the Corporation towards a planned, more livable capital
city, Corporation council took a resolution on 24.06.11[No.1 (3)] to prepare a new Master Plan
for the City. Now it is completed. I am sure that the Master Plan will lessen the hardship of the
people of Thiruvananthapuram as they need to look into only a single document before initiating
any development work, which was hitherto needs the reference of at least three documents,
viz. Sanctioned Development Plan for Trivandrum city -1971, Published Development Plan for
Trivandrum - 1993 and Road Network Plan for 2011. True to the spirit of green city status of
Thiruvananthapuram, bestowed by the father of our Nation, the new Master Plan has taken a
deliberate attempt to conserve its green area. I am happy to see that the run off drainage network
of the city comprising of Karamanayar, Killiyar, Pattom thodu, Ulloor thodu, Amayizhanjan thodu,
Akkulam lake, Parvathy Puthanar and Vellayani lake are well taken care of in the Master Plan. A road
network for decongesting the core city of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation is also noteworthy. The
Master Plan proposes multimodal mobility hub, monorail and LRTS to have world class experience in
commuting within the city. The Master Plan envisages two new towns at the extreme end of the city,
one at Chenkottukonam and other at Vizhinjam as a part of the strategy for decongesting the core
city. Zone wise varying FAR and application of TDR to make land available for development are two
pro development aspects in the Master Plan. The Master Plan envisages IT based enterprises and
Tourism as the future economic base of the City. A two pronged strategy, treating the biodegradable
waste at source itself to the possible extent and community level biodegradable treatment plants to
treat the remaining waste, is suggested for the solid waste management.
I am very much aware that the success of a Plan, however best it is, depends on acceptance of
it among the people and its materialization on ground. I therefore request the development partners
of the city, be it a government agency or general public, to have a look into the Master Plan before
zeroing down into any development they wish to implement, so as to have a larger view on the
development of the city. I am happy to place the Master Plan before the citizens of the City with the
hope that this will become a tool for a more livable Thiruvananthapuram.
Thiruvananthapuram
Adv. CHANDRIKA. K
Mayor of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
iii
iv
PREFACE
The Department of Town & Country Planning has been instrumental in the preparation of
Town Planning Schemes in the State as per the provisions contained in the Town Planning Acts in

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made it imperative to prepare Development Plan for all urban settlements in the State on a priority
basis. The Department has taken up the challenging task of preparation of 32 Development Plans

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Development Plan for Trivandrum was prepared and sanctioned by the Government
way back in 1971. Efforts for preparing a new General Town Planning Scheme encompassing a
wider area paved way for the publication of Development Plan for Trivandrum City in 1993 by the
Thiruvananthapuram Development Authority. But the scheme did not reach the sanctioning stage
owing to several reasons.
The development of the city, in the meantime, had undergone several changes and
deviations from the original development concepts and proposals an d this necessitated preparation
of a Master Plan for the State Capital, the area limits of which by then extended further. As an interim
measure, the Government varied the zoning regulations of the sanctioned Master Plan. The efforts
for preparation of the Master Plan covering the area within the extended limits of the Municipal
Corporation gained momentum with the GO (Rt) No. 3982/2008/LSGD dated 13.11.2008.
The Municipal Corporation too vide its resolution No. 1(3) dated 24.06.2011 requested for the
preparation of the Scheme. With the active involvement of the Planning Team of the Department
and cooperation of the Municipal Corporation, the Draft Master Plan was prepared.
The Plan visualises the State Capital as a multi functional compact city with vibrant
economy, which conserves its BlueGreen network and providing high standard infrastructure for
its people. The planning interventions required for achieving this vision are formulated in this plan.
The coordination of various agencies involved in the development process, strong political will, proactive involvement of the stakeholders and the people at large are essential for materializing the
plan proposals and thereby transforming the State Capital into one of the most livable cities.
This commendable task of plan preparation of Thiruvananthapuram Master Plan was

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take this opportunity to appreciate the earnest efforts of all members of the planning team lead by
Sri. Jacob Easow, Additional Chief Town Planner, Sri. S.Ajay Kumar, Town Planner and Sri. Baiju K,
Town Planner. We hope this document will provide planned development for our State capital.
Thiruvananthapuram
26-11-12
EAPEN VARUGHESE
Chief Town Planner
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thiruvananthapuram city has a Development Plan prepared and sanctioned way back
in 1971, the extent of which is limited to the central city area of the present Thiruvananthapuram

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amalgamating the nearby Grama Panchayats , thus necessitating the preparation of a New Master
Plan for Thiruvananthapuram. It is in this juncture, Government decided to prepare Development
Plans for 32 Towns of Kerala, vide GO(Rt) No. 3982/2008/LSGD dated 13.11.2008 . The preparation
of a Development Plan for the Capital City of Kerala found a prominent place in the above list , thus the
preparation of a New Master Plan for the capital city is on. Later Department has entrusted the task of
preparation of Master Plan for Thiruvananthapuram City to the State Project Cell of the Department in
June, 2012 with the objective of completing the Plan by November, 2012 with the coordination of the
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Preparation of the Draft Master Plan was not envisaged as a mere technical exercise, but
as a joint action with the Municipal Corporation. Though Working groups were constituted at the
Corporation with the aim of getting greater feedbacks on peoples aspirations, this methodology didnt
yield desired results and hence all councilors of the 100 wards of the Municipal Corporation were
approached to collect their views and information on peoples aspirations. Consultations were also
made with stakeholders like Indian Institute of Architecture, Thiruvananthapuram, CREDAI etc. to
shape up the development proposals.
The draft proposals thus arrived at were discussed with the Honble Minister for Urban
Affairs, Worshipful Mayor and Councilors of the Municipal Corporation. After considering their valuable

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As already stated, the Draft Plan took this shape with the active involvement and contributions
from different sectors. The Department wish this opportunity to acknowledge them for their valuable
contributions.
We are highly indebted to the moral strength, constant support and timely advice rendered by
Sri. Manjalamkuzhi Ali, the Honble Minister for Urban Affairs, Government of Kerala.
We are highly spirited by the interest and enthusiasm shown by Adv. Chandrika K, Worshipful
Mayor of Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation. Without her constant support, this draft plan
would not have reached at this stage.
We sincerely thank Sri G.Happy Kumar, Deputy Mayor, Thiruvananthapuram Municipal
Corporation for his support and guidance at different stages of its preparation.
The contributions of all councilors of the Municipal Corporation were vital for addressing the
peoples aspirations in the Master Plan. We whole-heartedly thank them for their support.
We gratefully acknowledge Sri. Eapen Varughese, Chief Town Planner for his constant technical
guidance and motivating the Planning Team, which helped in the timely completion of this task.
We sincerely thank the stakeholders including Indian Institute of Architecture,
Thiruvananthapuram Centre and CREDAI for sharing their suggestions for the development of the
Capital City.
vii
The Planning Team for the preparation of the Thiruvananthapuram Master Plan needs special
mention. It is their unmatched effort which delivered the draft scheme as scheduled. We acknowledge
with pride their valuable services. We also acknowledge the entire staff of both Regional Town Planning

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Above all, we are highly indebted to the people of this great historic city; the denizens of the
Land of Lord Sri Padmanabha; for their interest and support to bring out this humble endeavour for the
planned development of our State capital.
Jacob Easow
Additional Chief Town Planner
S. Ajay Kumar
Town Planner
Thiruvananthapuram
26-11-12
viii
Baiju K.
Town Planner
ix
CONTENTS
PART I
STUDY AND ANALYSIS
1.
Need for the plan
2-7
2.
Earlier planning efforts and studies
8 - 13

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PART II
INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT VISION
23
Summary and Findings
206 - 215
24
Goals and Objectives
216 - 223
25
Development Concept
224 - 239
PART III
LAND USE PLAN AND SECTORAL PROPOSALS
26
xii
Proposed Land Use 2031
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Sectoral Proposals
242 - 253
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268 - 289
PART IV
DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
29
30
Development Control
Annexes
292 - 317
318 - 357
xiii
xiv
List of Tables
Table 5.1
Planning Units
Table 5.2
Population Projection for the City - Decrease Rate Method
Table 8.1
Major Industrial Parks in the City
Table 8.2
Special Economic zones in the City
Table 9.1
Percentage of workers engaged in Trade & Commerce Sector in Corporations
Table 19.1
Estimated existing housing shortage and additional houses required for the
added population of the city
Table 21.1
Growth of vehicle population in Thiruvananthapuram District
Table 21.2
Vehicle population in Thiruvananthapuram district
Table 21.3
Major road stretches with V/C ratio >2 in 2009
Table 21.4
Locations for origin-destination survey in Thiruvananthapuram City
Table 21.5
Modal split of inter-city daily
Table 21.6
Modal split of inter-city daily goods
Table 22.1
Determination of Activity Pattern in Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
Table 25.1
Containable population in zones
Table 26.1
Zone wise Priority of development
Table 26.2
Land use area
Table 27.1
Proposed road widths
Table 28.1
List of markets for Solid waste disposal facility
Table 28.2
Phasing of Slum scheme implementation
xv
xvi
List of Figures
Figure 3.1
Thiruvananthapuram District and the city
Figure 3.2
Local bodies of Thiruvananthapuram
Figure 3.3
Thiruvananthapuram Corporation Wards
Figure 4.1
Travancore
Figure 4.2
Evolution of Thiruvananthapuram city
Figure 4.3
District Regional Linkages
Figure 4.4
Regional Linkages of the City
Figure 4.5
Physical
Figure 5.1
Distribution of Population in wards
Figure 5.2
Grama Panchayats with higher growth rate of population
Figure 5.3
Population density - Comparison among LSGs in Thiruvananthapuram District
Figure 5.4
Distribution of Population Density among the wards
Figure 5.5
LSGI wise Projected Population Density Distribution - 2021
Figure 6.1
Distribution of Concentration Index of Total Workers among the Planning units
Figure 6.2
Distribution of WPR among the Planning units
Figure 6.3
Concentration Index of Main workers
Figure 6.4
Concentration Index of Cultivators
Figure 7.1
Land use Concentration Thiruvananthapuram District
Figure 7.2
Existing Land Use of the City - 2012
Figure 7.3
Commercial Land use Concentration
Figure 7.4
Agriculture Land use Concentration
Figure 7.5
Other Major Land uses Concentration
Figure 7.6
Activity Zones based on Land use Concentration Pattern
Figure 8.1
Major MSMEs in the City
Figure 9.1
Existing Commercial Clusters: 2012
Figure 9.2
Existing Hierarchy of Commercial Clusters
Figure 9.3
Existing Hierarchy of Markets
Figure 9.4
Existing Hierarchy of markets and commercial clusters
Figure 12.1
Ward wise Distribution of Major Drinking Water Sources
Figure 12.2
Water Scarcity among wards
Figure 13.1
Ward wise distribution of method of sewage disposal
Figure 14.1
Ward wise Interval of Solid Waste Collection
Figure 14.2
Corporation Health Circles (86 wards)
xvii
xviii
Figure 15.1
Centres of Excellence in the City
Figure 16.1
Major Health Institutions in the City
Figure 17.1
Existing wetland in the City
Figure 17.2
Existing green in the City
Figure 17.3
Existing drainage basins in the City
Figure 18.1
Distribution of Parks in the city
Figure 19.1
Ward wise distributions of Slums
Figure 20.1
Building foot print density grid of the City
Figure 20.2
Direction of Development of the City
Figure 20.3
Intensity of Development in the City
Figure 20.4
Population density based urban form of the City -2011
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Figure 21.2
Desire lines of inter-city passenger trips
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Figure 22.1
Functional Character of Wards at Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
Figure 22.2
Derivation of Activity Pattern of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
Figure 22.3
Existing Activity Pattern of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
Figure 22.4
Existing Road Network of District
Figure 22.5
Existing Road Network of Thiruvananthapuram city
Figure 22.6
Derivation of Existing Spatial Structure
Figure 22.7
Existing Spatial Structure
Figure 25.1
Suggested population density based urban form of the City- 2031
Figure 25.2
Suggested city form and direction of development
Figure 25.3
Connectivity Concept - 2031
Figure 25.4
Suggested spatial structure
Figure 25.5
Tributaries in the City
Figure 25.6
Development Concept
Figure 26.1
Development zones
Figure 26.2
FAR Guide Map
Figure 26.3
Proposed Land use 2031
Figure 27.1
Transportation Plan 2031
Figure 27.2
Route map of mass transport system (LRTS)
Figure 28.1
Interstate Tourism Circuit
Figure 28.2
Intercity Tourism Circuit
Figure 28.3
Health Circle wise markets for Solid waste disposal facility
Figure 28.4
Proposed Blue Green Network
List of Charts
Chart 3.1
Thiruvananthapuram Corporation - Revenue Income and Expenditure
Chart 5.1
Total Population of Thiruvananthapuram District - 1971 to 2011
Chart 5.2
Total Population 2011 - Comparison with neighbouring districts
Chart 5.3
Growth rate of population Comparison with surrounding districts
Chart 5.4
Growth rate of population of Thiruvananthapuram District in comparison with the State
Chart 5.5
Growth rate of Population of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation (1981-2011 in

comparison with the District
Chart 5.6
Population density Thiruvananthapuram in comparison with surrounding districts
Chart 5.7
Comparison of Sex ratio (General) among neighbouring districts and State
Chart 5.8
Comparison of Sex ratio (0-6) among neighbouring districts and State
Chart 5.9
Age sex pyramid Thiruvananthapuram district
Chart 5.10
Age sex pyramid Kerala
Chart 5.11
Projected Population-2031
Chart 6.1
Percentages of Workers and Non-workers in the district
Chart 7.1
Land use breakup of the City 1966
Chart 7.2
Land use breakup of the City 1990
Chart 7.3
Land use breakup of the City: 2012
Chart 8.1
Registration of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), 2011
Chart 8.2
% Share of Taluk MSME registration compared Year on Year

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Chart 10.1
District wise International Tourist Visits During 2010
Chart 10.2
District wise Domestic Tourist Visits During 2010
Chart 12.1
Drinking water sources by type
Chart 12.2
Extent of Water Scarcity
Chart 13.1
Method of Sewerage disposal in Thiruvananthapuram city
Chart 14.1
Interval of Solid Waste Collection
Chart 14.2
Composition of Solid Waste

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Chart 21.2
Modal split of inter-city daily passenger trips in percentage

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Land use break up 2031
xix
xx
Annexes
9.1
11.1
List of Heritage building with grade
19.1
Grade I Slums
19.2
Grade II Slums
19.3
Grade III Slums
19.4
Grade IV Slums
19.5
Remaining Slums
21.1
Inventory details of major roads in Thiruvananthapuram City
21.2
Volume-capacity ratio on major road links within Thiruvananthapuram City
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Locations selected for parking demand survey in Thiruvananthapuram City
22.1
Functional Character of the City
22.2
Activity based Spatial Structure
27.1
Analysis of Road Width
27.2
Proposed Roads to be widened
xxi
xxii
Abbreviations
ADB
Asian Development Bank
ADS
Area Development Society
ASI
Archaeological Survey of India
BMW
Bio Medical Waste
BOD
Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand
BSUP
Basic Services to Urban Poor
C DIT
Centre for Development Imaging Technology
CBD
Central Business District
CDP
City Development Plans
CDS
Community Development Society
CDS
Centre for Development Studies
CESS
Centre for Earth Science Studies
CNG
Compressed Natural Gas
CRZ
Coastal Regulation Zone
CWSN
Children With Special Needs
DBFOT
Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer
DO
Dissolved Oxygen
DPR
Detailed Project Report
DTPC
District Tourism Development Corporation
DTS
Digital Theater Systems
EWS
Economically Weaker Sections
FAR
Floor Area Ratio
GIS
Geographical Information System
GoI
Government of India
GoK
Government of Kerala
GP
Grama Panchayat
HSS
Higher Secondary School
ICTT
International Container Transshipment Terminal
IGNOU
Indira Gandhi National Open University
IHSDP
Integrated Housing and Slum Development
xxiii
IMA
Indian Medical Association
IMAGE
Indian Medical Association Goes Eco-Friendly
ISM
Indian System of Medicine
IT
Information Technology
IWAI
Inland Waterways Authority of India
JBIC
Japan Bank for International Cooperation
JICA
Japan International Cooperation Agency
JnNURM
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
KFVP
Kinfra Film and Video Park
KIMS
Kerala Institute of Medical Science
KINFRA
Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation
KITTS
Kerala Institute of Tourism and Travel Studies
KMBR
Kerala Municipality Building Rules
KSIDC
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation
KSPCB
Kerala State Pollution Control Board
KSRTC
Kerala State Road Transport Corporation
KSUDP
Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project
KTDC
Kerala Tourism Development Corporation
KWA
Kerala Water Authority
LPS
Lower Primary School
MG road
Mahatma Gandhi road
MLD
Million Liters per Day
MSME
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
MVD
Motor Vehicles Department
NACO
National AIDS Control Organization
NH66
National Highway 66
NHG
Neighbourhood Groups
NIIST
National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology
NRHM
National Rural Health Mission
NSSO
National Sample Survey Organization
PDA
Priority Development Areas
Pp sq.km Persons per square kilometer
xxiv
PPP
Public Private Participation
PUC
Pollution Under Control
RAY
Rajiv Awaz Yojana
RCC
Regional Cancer Centre
RGCB
Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Bio-Technology
ROW
Right of Way
RWAs
Residential Welfare Associations
RWH
Rain Water Harvesting
SAT
Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital
SCERT
State Council of Educational Research and Training
SEZ
Special Economic Zone
SFCPoA
Slum Free City Plan of Action
SH
State Highway
SIEMAT
State Institute of Educational Management and Training
SIET
State Institute of Educational Technology
SLNA
State Level Nodal Agency
SWM
Solid Waste Management
TERLS
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
TRKL
Tourist Resort (Kerala) Ltd.
TSS
Thiruvananthapuram Sewerage Scheme
TWSS
Thiruvananthapuram Water Supply Scheme
UPS
Upper Primary School
VSSC
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
WFPR
Work Force Participation Ratio
WTP
Water Treatment Plant
xxv
NEED FOR THE PLAN
1.1 THE CITY

1.2 NEED FOR A MASTERPLAN
1
Chapter
Thiruvananthapuram is an
emerging metropolitan city in the southernmost
part of India and is the capital of Kerala, the Gods
own Country. This Chapter gives a brief introduction to the
City, its importance in the global scenario and assesses
the need for a City Master Plan.
1.1 THE CITY
1.2 NEED FOR A MASTER PLAN
The area of Thiruvananthapuram City stretches
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mid land sandwiched between the high land comprising
green mountain forests of Western Ghats and
Lakshadweep Sea. Known as Thiruvananthapuram in the
colonial and post colonial period, the city has regained its
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cultural heritage, Thiruvananthapuram has served as the
capital to the area in pre-colonial period, colonial period,
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capital, which has enhanced the character of the city as a
service center, in the region. Located strategically nearer
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Deep-sea Container Transshipment Terminal, Monorailalong the arterial road of the city and studded with the
richest temple in the world, Thiruvananthapuram is now
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As the city of Thiruvananthapuram poises to

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comprehensive Master Plan for Thiruvananthapuram

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of Thiruvananthapuram has become a necessity as
there is need for a plan that will not only coordinate the
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these investments provide a new set of livelihood for
the people in the region, it will also challenge dynamic
systems of environment the people live in which may
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its own sustenance has to be negated by prior planning,
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The essence of decentralised planning and
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Plan of Thiruvananthapuram city. More than 45
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the city. The Department of Town and Country Planning

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The rich and abundant cultural heritage of
Thiruvananthapuram city which has to be preserved
for preserving the uniqueness in cultural heritage and
the pressure of development caused by the newly
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system giving emphasis for passengers and public
transport and other high standard infrastructure has
to be addressed in the new plan. The development
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also the changes triggered by these investments to the
social, economical and physical environment has to be
negated to ensure inclusive development. To make all
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a disaster management system has to be evolved. An
inclusive built space management system has to be
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water resource management which includes provision
of potable water and management of waste water and
maintenance of ground water level which will sustain the
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be addressed is the management of solid waste which

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quick and fast service to its dwellers as well as visitors,
and which is able to address the challenges faced by the
city in the dynamic global environment has to be thought
of, to make the city evolve as a model sustainable city.
Need for the plan
The City
Z Thiruvananthapuram, referred by
Mahatma Gandhi as the Evergreen City
of India
Z Thiruvananthapuram, an emerging metro
Z Asias largest IT Hub
Z A Regional service Centre
Z Proximity to International Sea Port
Z High Tech development materializing
Z Has the need for Master Plan
Z Co-ordination of activities triggered by
new investments
Z Address challenges to dynamic systems of
environment
Z Incorporate essence of Decentralized
Planning
Z Need for high standard infrastructure
Z Utilize the potentials created by
International Deep-sea Container
Transshipment Terminal, the
International Airport etc.
Z Need for an inclusive built space
management system
Z System of Governance for swift service
delivery

INFERENCE
Thiruvananthapuram is a place of importance in the history of region and the State of Kerala. Blessed
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Town and Country Planning Department, Government of Kerala
Chapter 1 :
Need for the plan

EARLIER PLANNING
EFFORTS AND STUDIES
2.1 DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR

TRIVANDRUM CITY
2.1.1 Objectives
2.1.2 Basic Approach to Planning
2.1.3 Basic Approach to Sectors
2.1.3.1 Housing
2.1.3.2 Commercial Uses
2.1.3.3 Industries
2.1.3.4 Civic Amenities
2.1.3.5 Parks And Open Spaces
2.1.3.6 Transportation
2.1.3.7 Infrastructure Facilities
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CITY 2001
2.3 CITY LEVEL PLANS
2
Chapter
Spatial planning for the City

has been entrusted to the Town and Country Planning

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13
PROFILE OF THE CITY
3.1
LOCATION
3.2
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
3.3
TOPOGRAPHY AND PHYSICAL

FEATURES
3.4
SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS
3
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The district is located at 8 17N and 8 51N
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Figure 3.1 Thiruvananthapuram District and the city
16
Chapter 3 : !"#$
Lakshadweep Sea in the west

and Western Ghats in the east.
100 elected wards for the City
Highest point- Observatory
Borders between tropical

savanna and tropical monsoon
climate
Generally hot and humid
Average rain fall 170 cm/

annum
Within the City Karamana

and Killi rivers, Veli and
Akkulam backwaters and
Parvathy Puthanar
Literacy 83.82%
WPR 33%
Corporation income 44% from

tax collection and expenditure
45% for execution and
maintenance
3.2 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

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Figure 3.2 Local bodies of Thiruvananthapuram
-j,.
3.3 TOPOGRAPHY AND PHYSICAL

FEATURES

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Figure 3.3 Thiruvananthapuram Corporation Wards
Chapter 3 : !"#$

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Source: Corporation Budget 2011-12
Chart 3.1 Thiruvananthapuram Corporation Revenue Income and Expenditure

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INFERENCE

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21
HISTORY AND
REGIONAL LINKAGES
4.1 HISTORY
4.2 REGIONAL LINKAGES
4.3 CONNECTIVITY
4
Chapter
Right from
18th Century, the City places itself in the
history as a Capital. This Chapter gives a brief description on
the history of Thiruvananthapuram City through different ages. It also
describes the linkages of Thiruvananthapuram City with respect
to nearby regions.
in Thiruvananthapuram. In 1799 AD, Velu Thampi, then a

Karyakar of Talakkulam, led a march of the local people
The place was referred as Ananthankadu before
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word, Thiru-Anantha-Puram which means The town of the Kingss ministers.
of Lord ANANTHA, the abode of the sacred Serpent
The accession of Maharaja Swathi Thirunal who
Anantha, upon whose coils reclines Lord Vishnu who is
reigned
from 1829 to 1847 AD, ushered in an epoch
the deity of the royal family of the erstwhile Travancore
of cultural progress and economic prosperity. The
State.
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Maharaja Marthanda Varma who reigned from the opening of an English school at Thiruvananthapuram.
1729 to 1758 AD, is regarded as the Father of modern
An observatory and a charity hospital were also
Travancore. He modernised Thiruvananthapuram. The
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locals of Travancore had supported him against the
Pillamar when he was the heir-apparent. When he was Uthram Thirunal, Rev. Mead, an Anglican priest of the
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them. During his reign, he renovated the Padmanabha Schools, including one for girls, were started in
Swamy temple and the walls of the fortress. He also Thiruvananthapuram.
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During the reign of Maharaja Ayilyam Thirunal
Thiruvananthapuram, which he made into a great centre
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Tamil schools all over the State. A hospital with lyingprotect Travancore from Mysore and in accordance to in-facility and a hospital for the mentally challenged
that treaty, was allowed to install a Resident and troops were also established in Thiruvananthapuram. The
4.1 HISTORY
Chapter 4 :
25
The town of Lord ANANTHA
Travancore was part of Southern

section of Madras Province during
British rule
The Municipality came into being in

1920.
Became Corporation in 1940
During the reign of Sree Chithira

Thirunal Maharaja, it was given
Corporation status.
Regional linkages
Figure 4.1 Travancore
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with Dr. Read as its Principal. A Law class was opened in
Thiruvananthapuram in 1874 AD, and the main building
of the old Kerala Government Secretariat was designed
and constructed by the Maharajahs chief engineer, Mr.
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city. It was during the reign of Sri Moolam Thirunal (1885
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Maharaja Sree Moolam Thirunals reign was the
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Thiruvananthapuram and other parts of Kerala during
the reign of Maharaja Sree Moolam Thirunal.
During the regency of Maharani Setu Lakshmi Bai,
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History And Regional Linkages
Z Kollam cashew industries and tourism

potentials - catalyst for socio-economic
development of Thiruvananthapuram
district
Z Thirunelveli known as Oxford of South
India, can add to the educational
potential
Z Kanyakumari - Place with immense
tourism vibrancy adds to Tourism
network of Thiruvananthapuram
district.
Z Major linkages by all three modes of
transport : By Air (The International
Airport at Thiruvananthapuram) by
Rail & by Road
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University for Travancore was started. This was later
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Padmanabhapuram to Thiruvananthapuram during the
reign of Dharma Raja (1758-1798). Travancore was a part

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started in Thiruvananthapuram in 1877 during the reign
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Chapter 4 :
Courtesy: Indian Institute of Architects, Thiruvananthapuram Centre
Figure 4.2 Evolution of Thiruvananthapuram city
3,}
4.2 REGIONAL LINKAGES

Thiruvananthapuram district is bordered by Kollam
district on the north, Thirunelveli and Kanyakumari
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economic development of Thiruvananthapuram district.
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Thiruvananthapuram district. Kanyakumari, a place with
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to the tourism network of Thiruvananthapuram
district, as all the three districts depends much on the
Thiruvananthapuram Airport for their foreign inputs.

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Karakulam, Aruvikkara, Vilappil and Vilavoorkal in the
Figure 4.3 District Regional Linkages

27

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Dubai, Abudhabi and Kuwait.
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commuter trains.
4.3 CONNECTIVITY
Figure 4.4 Regional Linkages of the City
The distance from Thiruvananthapuram to major

urban centers of the State like Kochi and Kozhikode by
By Road: Long distance buses depart from the

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Connectivity of Corporation
28
Chapter 4 :
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and Nagercoil to Thiruvananthapuram. Similarly,
Thiruvananthapuram is well connected to the northern
parts of the State by buses.
40 at Vizhinjam during 1999-2001 (11 steamers and

20 sailing vessels). Ordinary cargo such as vegetables,
building materials, medicines, food etc. is handled at this
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Vizhinjam. The total Number of vessels handled was
INFERENCE
Rich in cultural heritage, Thiruvananthapuram has served as the capital to the area in pre-colonial period,
colonial period, and post-colonial period, which has enhanced the character of the town as a service town, in
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29
Demography
5.1 POPULATION
5.2 GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION
5.3 POPULATION DENSITY
5.4 SEX RATIO
5.5 POPULATION PROJECTION
5
Chapter
The
population parameters serve as the base
for all development activities. The demographical study helps
us to analyse the pattern of population concentration within a city. This
Chapter gives a brief description about the size of the population, its growth
rate, population density, population concentration pattern and population
projection.
5.1 POPULATION
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Source: Census of India
Source: Census of India
Chart 5.1 Total Population of Thiruvananthapuram

District - 1971 to 2011
32
Chart 5.2 Total Population 2011 - Comparison with

neighbouring districts
Chapter 5 :
33
Demography
Population within the Corporation

is concentrated in the coastal wards
south of airport
Population size is less in wards

located towards city core.
LSGs adjacent to Corporation

particularly Vilappil and Vilavoorkal
shows higher growth rate
Population Growth rate of

Corporation was lesser during 198191 and 1991-2001 and greater
than that of the District during
Figure 5.1 Distribution of Population in wards
2001-2011
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"

%
% "
"

& { -7
}x "
. %
&|-6@%xx"
.
Average population density of

Corporation is 4444 person/Sq.Kms
The population density is more

towards city core and coastal wards
City will cross 1 million mark by

2021 and needs to cater only a
population of around 1.03 million
by 2031
5.2 GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION

%%%%7%"
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}~xx
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33
Chart 5.3 Growth rate of population Comparison

with surrounding districts
Chart 5.5 Growth rate of Population of

Thiruvananthapuram Corporation in comparison
with the District
%
,
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Chart 5.4 Growth rate of population of

Thiruvananthapuram District in comparison with the
State
Source: DUR
%%
%%,xzx*zxxzzx*~x
,}~~x*xx-%.
Figure 5.2 Grama panchayaths with higher growth

rate of population
%

"

,4""47
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,,
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5.3 POPULATION DENSITY

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34
Chapter 5 :
Demography

","
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Chart 5.6 Population density Thiruvananthapuram %
& |} -6 xz~ "

in Comparison with surrounding districts
_. %&}-%
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7 ""^
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%{
8

7%" $ % %
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%) 7,,%
"
"
%

,
,%

%
,
Chart 5.7 Comparison of Sex ratio (General) among

neighbouring districts and State
Figure 5.3 Population density - Comparison among

LSGs in Thiruvananthapuram District
" }~~x7%" % %

Chart 5.8 Comparison of Sex ratio (0-6) among
7, 7, %
x|{ "
" _
neighboring districts and State
'
% '' ) % 7,
% %
x} "
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-x~. % %% % %%

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%
j,

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% 8"
"

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35
Figure 5.4 Distribution of Population Density among the wards
36
Chapter 5 :
Demography
8
-~*{. ,%%%%7, Table 5.1 Planning Units
,
, % % -%.
" }~~x % 7

% 8

%%87

-z{*z. % , ,
" ~*{ % , -x~z*
Chart 5.9 Age sex pyramid

Thiruvananthapuram district
Chart 5.10 Age sex pyramid Kerala
x~. , %% % % % 8

" 7
%$ % % % ,
% %
% "@
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%' 5.5 POPULATION PROJECTION

"' 4;
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37
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38
Fig 5.5 LSGI wise Projected Population Density

Distribution - 2021
Chapter 5 :
"

% }
%xx%"
"

%" " 7

}~x
% ,
% x~}}z}-x~' .
Table 5.2 Population Projection for the City Decrease Rate Method
Chart 5.11 Projected Population-2031
Demography
INFERENCE
j
% %

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%%
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"

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%)
7
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% %

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47
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39
40
occupational Structure
6.1 WORK FORCE

6.2 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
6.3 DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR CLASS OF
WORKERS
41
6
Chapter
This
Chapter gives a brief description
on the existing economic base of Thiruvananthapuram
City based on the occupational structure of the City as per 2001
Census. Analysing the workforce of a city in comparison which
the district is very important in the preparation of a
Master Plan
6.1 WORK FORCE

The Census 2001 gives the total workers in the
district as 10, 47,935 persons which is 10.19% of the
State total of 10,283,887. In the district only 32% are
workers (Chart 6.1).
The total w
' % 3

' ,
' 6
' %

7
% x

' +
7%" % %
'
%%
only 25%.
The Work force of an area is indicated by the Work
j
"
#%-&#. %" %,

%
%
' - ,. %
% %
%
"
"

" }~~x%&#
% % % }
i.e. 10.47 lakhs people are workers in the district. When

" %
% ,
, % % % %%
% %% % &#
7%"

% _ %
% %% 7,
Alappuzha is ahead with 34%.
Chart 6.1 Percentages of Workers and Non-workers

in the district
42
42

,%%
%

' ,
&# ,% , 7%"
$ % %
%%% %

""
%
%%%%
%
%
"
"

"
%
7
"%% % %-
$]#.
Chapter 6 : Occupational Structure
43
+

"

%%
%

'

"

xzzx }x{}~~x%
x}~
%
%
%
'
,
% &#7
x},
unit 27(Vanchiyoor) to 6454 in the coastal Planning unit
|-,,.
Both the total number of workers and

WPR are increasing in the city.
Total number of workers in 2001 is

313520.
WPR of the Corporation average

compared to neighbouring LSGs Just
below Kadinamkulam & Kalliyoor
Cultivators and agricultural labourers

constitute only 2% of the population,
indicating the urban nature of the
Corporation.
31% of the population is engaged in

other works mostly contributing to
tertiary sector which shows its higher
urban nature.
Agriculture labourers, Cultivators, and

Household Manufacturers are mainly
concentrated in the out skirts of
Corporation
Other Workers are evenly distributed
Figure 6.1 Distribution of Concentration Index of

Total Workers among the Planning units
j,{x
% %

%

+8
%
%&
' 7 %%
"%

%
"

% % ,

%
+8

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" "
% ~
} &%
"

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%
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% %&#7

}{ , ]% |~-!". %
{}z
in the coastal Planning unit 67 (Vellar) as shown in
Figure 6.2.

43
Co"

'
7%"
district during 1991 and 2001 shows that there is a
(
" %
7%
xzzx %

}~~x

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%
sector.
%
7
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6.3 DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR CLASS OF

WORKERS
+% %%%
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7 %
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% %
Figure 6.2 Distribution of WPR among the
6,_, %%
,% % %
Planning units

, ,
%

, 7 %
% % % /

% 7
6.2 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

%%
%
% %,

" }~~x%
' 3 %
%* % % )
%
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%,
7^ , % 7%

%% 7%
% 8 ,
agricultural labourers, household industrial workers and
" >

%
%

other workers.
%%
%-
$]#.
7%
, %

%%
x|
% %
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urban nature.
*

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xzzx
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}|
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considering the general declining trend of industrial
7 7 3

% 7 %
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the chart with 28%.
44

% "
% %
,
%
7 7 %% % % %
>
77
%

%

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&% %
"

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}{%
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%

' 7
x} ,
unit 27 (Vanchiyoor) to 5493 in Planning unit 78
-,,
. ) %
%

, ,
%

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%
8

'
is high in City core and along the transport corridors
(Figure 6.3).

%
,
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xz , % -j
%. %

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wards).

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peripheral wards and lesser in central city area.

%

%
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%

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%
it is slightly less.
Figure 6.3 Concentration Index of Main workers
In the district it is seen that the agricultural

7%

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,%
%%x

45

>

%
} " 7 5%

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%%|z
" 7 %%

'
urban is engaged in other works and even in rural area
%" %
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+ %

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wards).
>

%
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%
also high.
Figure 6.4 Concentration Index of Cultivators
46
INFERENCE
%
% % 7,
%

' @% %
,

%

%
'
%
"
% %

' %% %

base character of the town as a service town.
" %

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47
48
LAND USE
7.1
LAND USE AT DISTRICT LEVEL
7.2
LAND USE AT CITY LEVEL
7.3
COMPARISON OF LAND USES
7.3.1
Residential
7.3.2
Commercial
7.3.3
Industrial
7.3.4
Public and Semi-public
7.3.5
Other Land uses
7.4
LAND USE CONCENTRATION PATTERN
7.4.1
Residential Concentration
7.4.2
Commercial Concentration
7.4.3
Industrial Concentration
7.4.4
Public & Semi-public Concentration
7.4.5
Agricultural Concentration
7.4.6
Other Major Land uses Concentration
7.5
ACTIVITY ZONES BASED ON LAND USE

CONCENTRATION PATTERN
49
7
Chapter
Land use is the use of any land parcel indicated by the predominant
activity there such as residential, commercial, industry, public/
semi public, agriculture etc. Land use analysis is imperative for any
spatial plan as it facilitates to understand the prevalent economic
activity of an area and gives a notion on the direction in which
the city will develop in future according to the land availability.
This Chapter gives a brief description on the land use pattern of
Thiruvananthapuram City through an understanding of the State
and the District patterns. It analyses the existing land use pattern,
variation in land use pattern and the concentration pattern of land
use at city level.
7.1 LAND USE AT DISTRICT LEVEL

%

%
%7
,
%
%

%
7% %%
%

, ,%
}{z % % % % %

% "
x}~ ' 8"
%

{ _' ,%
{~ '

,%
%%,,
xx'%
x}'

," % % % % ,

,

%
"@

% % %
%% "@
7%^

7

* 7
,% % %7^
% 7%% %
% , % %
*, % Source: DUR, Thiruvananthapuram
% % " %
% % -j, |x.
Figure 7.1 Land use Concentration

"

%"
%

Thiruvananthapuram District
" % %
%

-
$]#.
,xz{{ |{_'

, -{. xz{{

, % -xx.
%"
7

%%
-{.
'"
7%" % % , % "% %

%
xz{{
%|x%
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7.2 LAND USE AT CITY LEVEL
50
50
Chapter 7 :
51
Land use
The City
D
In 1966, the city was having a

total area of 74.86 Sq.kms which
increased to 141.74 Sq.Km in 1990.
In 2012, the total area of the
Corporation is 215.86 Sq.km. and
has been divided into 100 wards.
Major single land use (56%) is residential

followed by agriculture (22%).
The commercial areas are increasing

along the transport corridor and new
commercial centers are been developed
near Kazhakootam and Vizhinjam
areas.
The CBD area has the highest
Chart 7.1 Land use breakup of the City: 1966
% "
%
} % %
%

' "
7%"
% xzz~
% |} 7%"

"

, xzz~ %
%

xx| _' +% %% xzz~ %

, -z.

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-x~.

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7
| %
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% 7,

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7 % %,

7%
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concentration of commercial activity.
Chart 7.2 Land use breakup of the City: 1990
The Public/Semi Public area in the

Corporation limit has considerably
increased
There is considerable Public and Semi

Public land use (13%)
#$!

including the Airport.
The distribution of land use shows

that agriculture area is more
concentrated at the periphery of city
There is considerable decrease in the

! !
converted to other use.
Chart 7.3 Land use breakup of the

City: 2012

51
Figure 7.2 Existing Land Use of the City -: 2012
52
Chapter 7 :
+ }~x}
%
% %
%
}x{ _'

%x}~_'

-{.

, %{{~_ -}}.
, " %,
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Land use

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more concentrated at the ""
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%
OPEN SPACES ISSUES

x
% '

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>"^$7
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Courtesy : Indian Institute of Architects, Thiruvananthapuram Centre

53
7.3 COMPARISON OF LAND USES
7.3.2 Commercial

7%"
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+xz{{% %
7,%
%
|{_'
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xx|_xzz~+}~x}%%
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xz{{

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,
the transport corridor and new commercial centers
, 7
" ^'
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4^
7.3.1 Residential
%"

%% % " %,

7%,% ,
+% %
% , J%
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+ xz{{
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{ + xzz~ %
%%

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{ %z
7,
xzz~ 57 %

% " %, % % %
%

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"

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54
7.3.3 Industrial
% 7,
~
_' xz{{
",
~ + xzz~
% % %
% %
}
%
% ;,
% , %
"
% % +}~x}%
% 7,
x}_'
% %

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% "

, % %" %

% 7

7.3.4 Public and Semi - Public

%
"

%

% %
, %7_%
%%
Chapter 7 :
xz{{ } _'

{
%
%+xzz~%" %,

{%
zxzz~+}~x}%%
%
}|{ _'
"
x}
%
%
%
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Land use

%
% /
%*& % %

%
%

,
%
% "
% %
%

/,/
7.4.2 Commercial Concentration
7.3.5 Other Land uses

%
8

,
%
% %j,|

%
%

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% ^'
@
7 4^

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, %
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7.4 LAND USE CONCENTRATION PATTERN

%
8
#

+ % *
, % ^%

%
+8 7"",%

,
%

Figure 7.3 Commercial Land use Concentration

,
%Q

,%

%
+8
-

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'%
% %

%&.-
%

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%

.
7.4.3 Industrial Concentration
+ %
%
8

%
%
% % % /
%
#
%
8

%

% %

%
%
% % %
7.4.1
Residential Concentration

55
7.4.4 Public & Semi-Public Concentration

%
,
%
%
%/
%& %"%

% %
% %"%
% %7

%

7.4.5 Agricultural Concentration

, %
%
8

7%"
"

j,|
, %
%

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%
""
,,%
,
) %
, %
%

''*44'
7.4.6 Other Major Land uses Concentration
56
, % %

%
' %

7
%
% %
#%
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% /,
7
/%
%
%"
%% %

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Figure 7.4 Agriculture Land use Concentration
Figure 7.5 Other Major Land uses Concentration
Chapter 7 :
7%
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7.5 ACTIVITY ZONES BASED ON LAND USE

CONCENTRATION PATTERN
Figure 7.6 Activity Zones based on Land use Concentration Pattern

57
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58
INFERENCE
j
% alysis it is seen that the
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Chapter 7 :
Land use

59
industry
8.1
DISTRICT LEVEL INDUSTRIES
8.2
CITY LEVEL INDUSTRIES
8.2.1
Manufacturing Enterprises
8.2.2
Industrial Parks/ IT Parks/ Mini Industrial

Parks
8.2.3
Information Technology Park
8.2.4
Industrial Parks
8.2.4.1 KINFRA Small Industries Park, Thumba

8.2.4.2 KINFRA Film and Video Park,
Kazhakoottam
8.2.4.3 Special Economic Zones
8.2.5
8.2.6
Traditional Industries
8.3
EVALUATION OF ONGOING
Industrial Estates
PROJECTS
8.2.5.1 Pappanamcode Industrial Estate.
8.4
PROBLEMS
8.2.5.2 Ulloor Mini Industrial Estate
8.5
POTENTIALS
8
Chapter
Industry is one of the priority sectors in the development of a region.

As the State capital, Thiruvananthapuram basically acts as a service
provider, with people mostly engaged in government and institutional
activities. Still, it promotes a number of fast growing industrial units
which acts as a catalyst in the development of the city. This chapter
mainly deals with the distribution of industries at district and city levels,
including manufacturing enterprises, major large and medium enterprises,
industrial parks, IT parks, Mini Industrial estates, SEZ, Industrial
estates and traditional industries in the corporation limits and the
pertinent development issues.
8.1 DISTRICT LEVEL INDUSTRIES
of registered small-scale units in Thiruvananthapuram

District is declining compared to that of the State.
Employment provided in Thiruvananthapuram District is
also declining but at a lesser rate than that of the State.
As per the enactment of the Micro, Small and

Medium Enterprises Development Act (MSMED Act),
2006 which came into force on the 2nd October 2006, the
%
+, %

%
There are 4 central sectors, 14 State sectors, 1 co% %
3,
%" 6

"7 %

% %
{~ "7% %

(EM) has been introduced. Also the earlier concept of and large scale industries at the district level. The Kerala
Industries has been changed to Enterprises.
%% + % 7
"%
"

-+$.
engages more than 9725 employees in its various units.
There is a marginal decrease in the number of
In 2012 there were 1020 registered SSI/ MSME units in
working factories within the Thiruvananthapuram District
during the year 2010-2011. The Economic Review, 2011 7%" % %"
%
(
indicates that, average annual growth of registered SSI/ have great demand in foreign countries. These products
MSME and employment in Thiruvananthapuram District
( '% % 66 %%
(8.60%) is less than that of the State (9.57%), and the
%
7%"

"

, % % "
% a large number of small scale industrial units working
in Thiruvananthapuram district to that of State is in Thiruvananthapuram district. As on 2010-2011,
declining. Small-scale industrial units registered in the district has 1077 SSI/ MSME units which generate
Thiruvananthapuram district along with their associated 9725 employment. Out of 1077 SSI/ MSME units in
investment and employment provided, has declined in Thiruvananthapuram District, 309 units are women units,
the past few years, which is similar to the trend witnessed 64 are SC units, 7 are ST units and remaining 1006 are
in the State. Thiruvananthapuram District has 9.90% of general units. The total investment is Rs. 5752.27 Lakhs.
the total small-scale industries in the State. The Economic The industrial estate at Papanamcode, mini industrial
Review 2011 report reveals that the average growth estate at Ulloor and industries development centre at
Chapter 8 :
Industry
Kochuveli are encouraging the industrial development in

7%"
"

"
%

8% "
"
% %
,
simplicity and excellence in design. This sector employs
about 1,75,000 persons and is the second largest
"
(%
%
,%%

based industries of the State. Thiruvananthapuram
$ % % {~

"7

is 48% of the States total. It may be noted that the
, %

66
% % %%
"

'^ /, /;' ^

8 ,
, %

66

Chart 8.1.
At the city level, there are a

few manufacturing enterprises,
industrial parks/ IT parks/ mini
industrial parks, information
technology parks, industrial
estates and traditional industries.
Technopark Thiruvananthapuram,
'* $
technology park
With the rise in population and

land value, the prospects of large
scale industries in the urban area
have diminished to a large extent
even within the industrial estates.
The new development, such as

Vizhinjam International Deep
water Multipurpose Seaport,
Setting up of New International
Airport terminal, Monorail
project as well as the extension of
Corporation area have increased
the scope for setting up of new
Enterprises.
The added Grama Panchayats to

the Corporation has given some
scope for industrial development
in the City
Within the central part of the

City there is scope for mini
micro enterprises and traditional
industries.
Source: District Industries Centre
Chart 8.1 Registration of Micro, Small and Medium

Enterprises (MSME), 2011
8 , , %

66
%%
Thiruvananthapuram district the highest number of
, %

% %
"

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% , %

~

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"

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%

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,
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and light engineering, handloom and garments, wood
furniture etc. The trend based analysis shows that
66$, %
7%"
"

is diminishing compared to other areas. The year on year
data is shown in Chart 8.2.

63
8.2.1 Manufacturing Enterprises
Chart 8.2 % Share of Taluk MSME registration

compared Year on Year
8.2 CITY LEVEL INDUSTRIES
In the city, there are many medium and large scale

industries which fall under central sector, state sector,

*
"7 %

% %
"7% %

%% + % $7
"%
"

(KSIDC) is a public sector establishment to set up small
, % J 7, %
working factories in the city include oil mills, cashew
%

@
%8 ",%
industrial units, chemical units, match factories, general
engineering units and automobile workshops. The
%

6
66%
j,x
8.2.2 Industrial Parks/ IT Parks/ Mini

Industrial Parks
7%"
"

At the city level, there are a few manufacturing
enterprises, industrial parks/ IT parks/ mini industrial +

, -+. ' 7^
' %
"'

%

, "' % %% Kazhakootam, Thiruvananthapuram.
%
%
64
Chapter 8 :
Industry
Figure 8.1 Major MSMEs in the City

65
Two Kinfra Industrial Parks

+/j#+ % '
Thiruvananthapuram
+/j#j4
'^'
%
Thiruvananthapuram
Two Special Economic Zones
"'-++.
+/j#j4
'-

Gaming)
One industrial estate at Pappanamcode, one
mini Industrial estate at Ulloor and one Industrial
Development Centre at Kochuveli.
8.2.3
Information Technology Park
Technopark, Thiruvananthapuram, an autonomous

society promoted by the Government of Kerala, is Indias
3 %

%

,"'
,%%
, %+"' +%
%3 %66+7
4 assessed Technology Park. Spread over 326.54 acres,

% _(
%*" "
"'
hosts over 225 IT and ITES companies, including 6 CMMI
7}66+7 7+5z~~~ 3
66
companies, employing over 30,000 IT Professionals. The

select list of companies working at Technopark include
TCS, Infosys Technologies, Oracle India Pvt Ltd, Ernst and
Young, Allianz Cornhill, UST Global, IBS, Suntec, NeSt,
RR Donnelley & Co., ICON, Collabora, RMESI, Alamy
Images, Kanoo Group, Saudi Engineering Group, Toonz

> "

, #7
%8%
Technopark is the IT hub of the State of Kerala, and
7%" ,
to be the knowledge capital of the region. Technopark
provides world class, robust and safe power and datacom
% %
J,

"
%

%
enabling environment for IT industry that is leveraged
%
"%
"

"77%,
The single window service at Technopark ensures
%% % "

,;, "
"
Technopark will be rapid.
Technopark has a total built-up space of about 4

_( "
7x~"
, % %
% "' ""
%
Currently Technopark has 156 acres of land in
^'
%%]7 %"
/>
{{/>!"
Chapter 8 :
Technopark Phase II:
Industry
8.2.4.1 KINFRA Small Industries Park, Thumba
As second phase expansion Technopark has

_ {

% /> ! "
;'^%8 , "
declared as a Special Economic Zone by the Government
+~
%
@%
+

,

% , %%*
*%
art Campus and the balance land of 36 acres has been

@%
]

,

% ,%
own campus.
Technopark Phase III:
As third phase expansion, Technopark is acquiring
z}
%%8 , " %
Second phase 86 acres. The Phase III is being developed
"

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'
% x~~4 *
%

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7
% ""
% 7 %

Coopers (P) Ltd (PWC) has been entrusted with the
assignment for the development of Technopark Phase
+++
%
,"
%"% %

develop the IT/ITES SEZ (40 acres) in Technopark Phase
III is under process and will be issued to partners based
%
% %""
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has fully developed industrial plots with uninterrupted
"
% ""

7
% "' ', 8
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customs service, business centre, health centre and

% % %
%'"
%
Q
and hygienic waste disposal system. The main products
%8 ,% %
" , "
7,
light engineering and repairs and services. Current Lease
Premium/ Acre is Rs. 35.13 Lakhs.
8.2.4.2 KINFRA Film and Video Park,

Kazhakoottam
Thiruvananthapuram is the centre of various
,^3 7

7"%
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8.2.4 Industrial Parks
,% %% %
}
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Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development
Zone. The preview theatre here is the one of its kind in

"

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across the State.

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x The total park area covers 75 Acres of land in which 10.1
acres land area is reserved for Special Economic Zone
-.

),%
%%*" "
Table 8.1 Major Industrial Parks in the City
7 ~~~~ _(
"
"" %
"' %
, "7
power plant. The water supply is fully developed

' %
% % %
%
Technopark. Units requiring land or independent
, "%
%"
%"
7
with developed independent plots. Current Lease
Premium/ Acre is Rs. 47.16 Lakhs/ Acre.
8.2.4.3 Special Economic Zones
Source: KINFRA 2012
"

-. 3 X
spec3 % % 7
be deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes

67

%
"
%J Z 8.2.5.2 Ulloor Mini Industrial Estate
'
,%
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8"
%*
The Mini Industrial Estate, Ulloor is located at 5 Km
7
"% %%, ,

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% %%
x
The Indian SEZ policy provides for the development
+% ,
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% 1 Km from the Estate. Only two sheds are available and
%

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%% %

% + has steady power supply and public water supply and
%
"7% 7
" ]% % 8 %

6
"

up in SEZ for manufacturing of goods and rendering of 7

',%
services.
! ' $ '
, 6

_%

The units in the zone have to be net foreign
8 , % %
% % %
8.2.6 Traditional Industries
"% 7*

8"
%
%
%
>

"
_% % 3 % %% > ( 7%" %
"
%
in India to set up a Special Economic Zone. The Cochin area there are not many raw material sources for the
Special Economic Zone is followed by several others, %
% !% %
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%,

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%
% %
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%
7 %%
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main agencies involved in the sector. There are about
Table 8.2.
~~
%%
% + %
"

% !" >

Table 8.2 Special Economic Zones in the City
%
% %
% % % % +% %
%%
% % %
% (

% "
%

% %
"

limit which is processed and then re exported to other
countries.
Source: KINFRA 2012
8.2.5
Industrial Estates
8.3 EVALUATION OF ONGOING

PROJECTS

,
, "
% %
"'
+ ++"
% "
%
+/j#
+$5 x|

+ % %%
36 Mini Industrial Estates spread all over Kerala. There

"' + ++ "
%
is one industrial estate at Pappanamcode and one mini ,
, "% (%
"

%
industrial estate at Ulloor in Thiruvananthapuram city. "
%%
, ? ,, %+"' +/j#

"%%
"
% %
"

8.2.5.1 Pappanamcode Industrial Estate

The Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode is located at
x
% +%
"
% }~

4^
% %%
x}|
+% ,
% % %
/> {{ %
around 2 Kms from the Estate. 43 numbers of sheds are
available and have steady power supply and public water
"" 8 %

6

produces include manufacture of wooden furniture,
", 7
wood working lathe and Black and Deckor sandering

_%

%

,",

%%
68
8.4 PROBLEMS
As the city is growing rapidly, it puts tremendous
pressure on availability land. Out of the total area only
2% is contributed by Industrial land use. As the land
value of city is increasing rapidly it is not possible to start
large industrial units in the city. During the last 10 years
the land value has increased considerably and more and

7%%
&%%
"
"
% %,,
7%
66? %
,
, %' /'
leading, with Chirayinkizhu the close follower. This has
lead to infrastructural complaints from mini units most
Chapter 8 :
Industry
noted being power, roads and availability of skilled

labour. With the rise of suburbs as hubs of technology
clusters, a new city is emerging towards north and is
%,
,%%
%,

%
&%% "
"
7
the prospects of large scale industries in the urban
area have diminished to a large extent even within the
industrial estates. More and more incidents involving
industries unable to operate due to local community
resistance is a common issue.
Tech industries. The green category micro enterprises

"
% "," + "%
%
%
% '

( can be setup inside the city limit. There is

"
%"'%4^j%,

industrial centre can be developed near Paudikonam
"
%

"% %
8
% %%!$
"

+%
3 % % +/j# 7 %
,
%" %% %
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%
7
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%

8.5 POTENTIALS
/7
"% 4^+%
development of IT based industrial enterprises.
$" % 6""
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% ;, "
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+%
"
%%6

"
%
INFERENCE
% 8%

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j
% % %% 7 %
,
%
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;,"
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"

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% " % % % "
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development of large and medium industries, it
scope for industrial development in the City.
7 , "
%
7
"%
+

% %
industrial enterprises. So high tech enterprises can be
7
"

,
(
%
, an economic base for the City in future .

" '7%" %
>,

69
TRADE AND COMMERCE
9.1 EXISTING SCENARIO

9.2 EXISTING HIERARCHY OF
COMMERCIAL CLUSTERS
9.3 EXISTING HIERARCHY OF MARKETS
9.4 FACILITIES IN MARKETS
9.5 MARKETS AND COMMERCIAL
CLUSTERS
9.6 PROBLEMS
9.7 POTENTIALS
9
Chapter
Trade and
commerce plays a pivotal role in
shaping the development of any citys economy by making

$
!

!

!

"

!
+

!

!

+

" }~~x

x|{
'
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%

As per the Economic Review, the Citys gross district 7%"
"

%
%

"
%-% %

% %

,.*% 3,37 "
"

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}~~*~z%! xzzz*~~ -zx.

%% %

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%%7%
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"% %
"

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,, 7
Source: Census 2001

workers - 2001
9.2 EXISTING HIERARCHY OF COMMERCIAL

CLUSTERS
7%" %

% % %

%
%

Chapter 9 : Trade and Commerce
73
Table 9.1 Percentage of workers engaged in Trade &
Commerce Sector in Corporations
D The City
Z
Only 17.6% of workers are engaged in Trade

and commerce, which is low compared to
other Municipal Corporations of Kerala
Z
Source: Census 2001

,
7
"%

% % 8 ,

% 7
3
% 8 ,

Sporadic distribution of markets within the

city.
Presently 1 main market, 4 sub markets, 7

main zonal markets, 46 local markets and 4
road side markets.
j, zx
% 8 ,

%,

%
%% " %%
%
%
,%

% 8zx
,7 %
-+++++++4.
%8 ,

%
Only 51% wards have their own markets
73% have shed, 79% have enough space and

only 33% have enough parking spaces.
Only 3 markets have waste management

facility.
Unhygienic and congested conditions in

markets are arising due to the absence of
waste management system and parking
facilities. There is no market in Kovalam.
Morning / evening markets affect the

" $!+
D It is seen that the overall distribution of

commercial nodes is not uniform and
does not tally with market hierarchy.
Figure 9.1 Existing Commercial Clusters: 2012

73
Figure 9.2 Existing Hierarchy of Commercial Clusters
74
" %

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second order nodes which

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9.3 EXISTING HIERARCHY OF MARKETS
"
7%
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7%" % %

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75
Figure 9.3 Existing Hierarchy of Markets
76
Figure 9.4 Existing hierarchy of markets and commercial clusters

77
"
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9.6 PROBLEMS

"
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9.4 FACILITIES IN MARKETS
9.7 POTENTIALS
5 ^, % '% % %%
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9.5 MARKETS AND COMMERCIAL CLUSTERS

j

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centres.
INFERENCE

"", %

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7
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79
10 TOURISM
10.1
TOURISM ATTRACTIONS
10.1.1 Natural Tourism

10.1.2 Heritage Tourism
10.1.3 Religious Tourism
10.1.4 Cultural Tourism
10.1.5 Health Care Tourism
10.1.6 Educational Tourism
10.2
PROMINENCE OF TOURIST PLACES
10.3
TOURIST ARRIVALS
10.4
TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE
10.5
EXISTING TOURISM CIRCUIT
10.6
AGENCIES INVOLVED
10.7
PROBLEMS
10.8
POTENTIALS
10
Chapter
With Kovalam beach as a world tourism destination,

Thiruvananthapuram City is the gateway for tourism in Kerala.
The City is able to provide a variety of attractions for the tourists,
making it a must visit location in the tour itinerary of domestic
and foreign tourists. This Chapter gives a brief description of
the existing tourism attractions and prominent tourist places in
the City. The Chapter also details out the infrastructure facilities,
agencies involved and the major development issues in the realm
of Tourism
7

%
% "
%
%

,%
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The city is bestowed with immense scope for
*%
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10.1.1 Natural Tourism
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10.1
TOURISM ATTRACTIONS
Chapter 10 : Tourism
83

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D The City has the potential in

Z Natural Tourism
Z Heritage Tourism
Z Religious Tourism
Z Cultural Tourism
Z Health Care Tourism
Z Educational Tourism
D Regional Spots - Akkulam Lake, Veli

Lake, Shanghumukham, Thiruvallam
D National Spots
- Museum,
Kanakakkunnu, Fort area
D International Spots- Kovalam,
Padmanabhaswamy Temple
D Even though the City has many
tourism spots, the quality of
infrastructure and other amenities are
not up to the mark.
D There is no agency to constantly
monitor and ensure the quality of
infrastructure and other facilities
offered by travel operators and hotels.
D Also there is lack of a sustainable
tourism network within the City.

83
10.1.6 Educational Tourism

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PROMINENCE OF TOURIST PLACES
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Chart 10.1 District wise International Tourist Visits

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10.3
TOURIST ARRIVALS
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EXISTING TOURISM CIRCUIT
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10.6
AGENCIES INVOLVED
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Chart 10.2 District wise Domestic Tourist Visits

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84
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POTENTIALS

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85
INFERENCE
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86

87
11 heritage
11.1
HERITAGE TYPES
11.1.1 Built Heritage

11.1.2 Cultural Heritage
11.1.3 Natural Heritage
11.2
PROBLEMS
11.3
POTENTIALS
11.4
AGENCIES INVOLVED
11
Chapter
The City is rich in heritage buildings and precincts of historic and

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11.1
HERITAGE TYPES
The heritage precincts of the City according to their

types are categorized as built heritage, cultural heritage
and natural heritage.
11.1.1 Built Heritage
heritage zone. The list of heritage buildings and precincts

based on Heritage grading, is given in Annexe 11.1.
The Central Jail at Thiruvananthapuram was

x|% %%
,
the fort in a building which was used as barracks

% / !, + "% x{ %
transferred and accommodated in the buildings put up
for the purpose in Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram.
It was here that Sri. Vaikkom Muhammad Basheer
the Beypore Sultan served a court sentence for two
years and six months imprisonment. He wrote a story
Mathilukal based on his life there.
There are some places, corridors and linkages which

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structures, areas and precincts that are of historic,
% % %
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include natural features within such areas or precincts
7
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sacred groves, hills, hillocks, water bodies (and the areas
adjoining the same), open areas, wooded areas, etc. It
must be recognized that the cultural landscape around
%, %
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and its built heritage and thus is very much its integral
6 #
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part.
Vallakadavu, Chalai Road, MG Road from LMS to
%
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structure type which may be of historic, cultural, social, importance. There are many centres like Kuthiramalika,

,3 " % ' _ VJT hall, Gorky Bhavan, Nishagandhi Auditorium, Tagore
architectural features and special categories such as %J% % 7
,^
heritage precincts which are irremovable parts of
@' " 4@
Chapter 11 :
Beema Palli are very important religious places which

7 7 @ % "
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are considered to be instance for the Citys communal
harmony and rich cultural heritage.
Geological Heritage sites such as Kovalam Beach,

Akkulam Lake, Veli Lake and lagoon and Thiruvallam
+ 6 >%, %
Valiyathura and Vizhinjam are such natural heritage sites
within the city.
11.2 PROBLEMS
The City is bestowed with

Z
Built Heritage
Cultural Heritage
Natural Heritage
Lack of comprehensive guidelines

and plans for the protection and
maintenance of such places and the
rich natural heritage it owns.
There is little awareness among the

public about the need of protecting
heritage buildings.
Stringent laws and strategies for

the preservation of heritage are
necessary to conserve these sites for
the future.
Many of the heritage buildings are

privately owned and there are issues
11.1.3 Natural Heritage

Natural Heritage includes all components of our
surroundings which have not been created by man

% % "%

or ecological value and which could also be of directly
usable resource value.
Heritage
regarding their conservation.
There is more number of heritage

buildings which can be reused
adaptively in an aesthetic manner
so that the monument gets
protected.
Degradation is not massive and if

strict directions are given there is
still a possibility for conserving them
for the future.
The heritage sites, buildings and precincts face

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91
tampers due to lack of urban design inputs because of

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The main drawback regarding natural heritage sites is the
dumping of wastes in such areas. Due to the unplanned
^
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existent between the water bodies gets blocked and the

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a. Age of structures
c. Ownership issues
Many of the heritage buildings are privately
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buildings is a big problem because of which many of the
owners are disinterested in keeping them.
d. Absence of a regulatory mechanism

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maintenance of heritage buildings and sites so that the
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11.3 POTENTIALS
seasons for years and most of which are monuments
There is more number of heritage buildings which
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the monument gets protected. Then people can observe
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the beauty of such buildings and it will add value to
The main problem regarding heritage buildings and % $,

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are given there is every possibility of conserving them
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7 for the future. There is also a scope for developing the
these sites for the future.
Central prison as heritage precinct.
92
Chapter 11 :
Heritage
11.4 AGENCIES INVOLVED

The Archeological Survey of India (ASI) is the

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the two are within the Thiruvananthapuram city. They
are the Rock cut temple at Vizhinjam and Parasurama
Temple at Thiruvallam. The Dept of Archaeology, Kerala

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protected. The Art and Heritage Commission is a high
7

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INFERENCE
As the capital city of the princely state of
Travancore, Thiruvananthapuram is blessed with rich
culture and heritage. There are numerous buildings
and precincts which are of historic and cultural
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maintenance of such places and the rich natural
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and places should be given due importance.

93
12 Water supply
12.1
WATER SOURCES OF THE CITY
12.2
CITY WATER SUPPLY
12.2.1 Quantity of water

12.2.2 Quality of Water
12.2.3 Storage Reservoirs
12.2.4 Water Treatment Plants
12.2.5 Distribution Network
12.2.6 Physical Losses
12.2.7 Water Tariff
12.2.8 Water scarcity
12.3
PROBLEMS
12.4
AGENCIES INVOLVED
12.5
ONGOING AND COMMITTED

PROJECTS
12.5.1 Water Supply Scheme to Kovalam

Tourist Area
12.5.2 Scheme to Pappanamcode and
Nemom Areas
12.5.3 Scheme to Vandithadam
12.5.4 Scheme to New Vizhinjam Port
12.5.5 Integration with JBIC Project
12
Chapter
Provision
of clean drinking water is a vital service
required by every living creature in the world. The cities over the
years have become highly water demanding and this is particularly true for the
metropolitan and the mega-cities of both developing and developed countries. These are
highly concentrated centres of population. The quantity of water that these cities consume is
so high that at present they are often referred to as Thirsty Cities. This chapter gives a
brief description of the existing water sources, water supply system, water treatment
plants, distribution system, physical losses, demand and supply, problems
and status and evaluation of major projects.
12.1 WATER SOURCES OF THE CITY

Karamana River with two reservoirs at Peppara
and Aruvikkara is the main surface water source for
Thiruvananthapuram water supply scheme. Raw water is
also pumped from Karamana river at Kundamankadavu,
Aruvikkara, Adimadakkayam and Trikkannapuram to the
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at Thiruvallom.
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meet the enhanced demand, the Thiruvananthapuram
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12.2 CITY WATER SUPPLY

The Thiruvananthapuram Water Supply Scheme
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country. The scheme was commissioned in 1933 with a
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96
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people are dependent on well as their source. It was also
found that 4% people are dependent on public water
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service. This was mainly found in the coastal areas of
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Chapter 12 : Water Supply
Karamana River with two

reservoirs at Peppara and
Aruvikkara is the main surface
water source
81% people depends on KWA
Installed capacity to produce 273

MLD
9 Water Treatment Plants
Distribution loss of 35.50%
Coverage is 85%
;!!$

more than 41% during whole
year
The city water supply scheme is

one of the oldest schemes in India
and there is a gap of 137 MLD
of water between production and
demand.
Shortage of water is commonly

felt in the coastal belt, elevated
areas and some of the outer
peripheral areas.
Grama Panchayat areas merged

to Corporation boundary are
not well connected with proper
distribution
Figure 12.1Ward wise Distribution of Major Drinking

Water Sources
12.2.1 Quantity of Water

At present, Kerala Water Authority has an
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97
12.2.2 Quality of Water
12.2.4 Water Treatment Plants
The water supplied to Trivandrum city under

Thiruvananthapuram water supply scheme is tested
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used from open wells located at Panchallor and Anakuzhy
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Source: Kerala Water Authority
Chart 12.2 Extent of Water Scarcity
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purpose in the city which is provided by KWA but some
Industrial parks have their own water supply network for
their own purpose.
12.3 PROBLEMS
The city water supply scheme is one of the oldest
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be addressed. A part of the city water supply is diverted

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12.5 ONGOING AND COMMITTED
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12.5.1 Water Supply Scheme to Kovalam Tourist
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12.5.2 Scheme to Pappanamcode and Nemom

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12.5.4 Scheme to New Vizhinjam Port

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12.5.5 Integration with JBIC Project

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13 SEWERAGE SYSTEM
13.1
EXISTING SCENARIO
13.1.1 Thiruvananthapuram Sewerage

Scheme
13.1.2 Availability of Sewerage System
13.1.3 Method of Sewage Disposal
13.2
PROBLEMS
13
Chapter
Sewerage refers to the infrastructure that conveys sewage. It

encompasses components such as receiving drains, manholes,
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to a sewage treatment plant or at the point of discharge into

the environment. This chapter mainly deals with the existing
scenario of Thiruvananthapuram Sewerage System and the major
constraints in the sewerage network and development suggestions for
the improvement of sewerage system in Thiruvananthapuram city.
13.1
EXISTING SCENARIO
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Sewerage System
13.1.1 Thiruvananthapuram Sewerage

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14
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
14.1
GENERATION AND COLLECTION
14.2
COMPOSITION OF WASTE
14.3
CORPORATION HEALTH CIRCLES
14.4
EXISTING TREATMENT FACILITIES
14.5
PROBLEMS
14.6
ONGOING PROJECTS
14.6.1 Modern Plant at Chalai

14.6.2 Source Level Treatment of Waste
14.6.3 Mobile Incinerator
14.6.4 Baling and Wrapping of Waste

14.6.6 Other Efforts
14
Chapter
Solid waste
management is a challenging issue in
any City development. Thiruvananthapuram City also faces
the issue and in the present context it is severe. This Chapter discusses the
generation and collection, composition of waste, existing treatment facilities,
trend of waste generation, involvement of the Corporation health circles,
problems, existing and ongoing projects and the agencies involved.
14.1
GENERATION AND COLLECTION
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Chapter 14 :
Solid waste management
D The City
Z Presently solid waste disposal is
continuing as a major issue in the Citys
service facility
Z The social unrest caused by the leaching
problem and air pollution at Vilappilsala
is causing frequent disturbances in the
collection and processing mechanism.
Z Non use of appropriate technology is
another issue.
Z The delay caused in the transportation
of biodegradable waste is causing
the activation of anaerobic bacteria
triggering anaerobic decomposition of
biodegradable waste
Z Corporation collection is not there in
46% of the wards
Z Domestic waste is the highest (57%)
Z Towards central part of the city and
near to CBD waste generation is higher
Z There is no separate collection or storage
or processing mechanism for e-waste
generated in the city.
Z Quantity of waste generated is increasing
and it is bound to increase substantially
in future.
Figure 14.1 Ward wise Interval of Solid Waste

Collection

113
14.2
COMPOSITION OF WASTE

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Chart 14.2 Composition of Solid Waste
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114
Chapter 14 :
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14.6.1 Modern Plant at Chalai

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117
15 EDUCATION
15.1
EXISTING SCENARIO
15.1.1 School Education

15.1.2 Higher and Professional Education
15.1.2.1 Arts and Science Colleges
15.1.2.2 Professional Educational Institutions
15.2 DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
15.3 CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE
15.3.1 Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram
15.3.2 College of Engineering,
Thiruvananthapuram
15.3.3 University College, Thiruvananthapuram
15.3.4 University College, Karyavattom
15.3.5 Govt. Law College, Thiruvananthapuram
15.3.6 Kerala Law Academy Law College
15.3.7 Government Sanskrit College

15.3.8
Swathi Thirunal College of Music
15.3.9
Centre for Development of Imaging

Technology (C-DIT)
15.3.10 Centre for Development Studies (CDS)

15.3.11 Centre for Earth Science Studies (CESS)
15.3.12 National Institute For Interdisciplinary
Science And Technology (NIIST)
15.3.13 Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
(RGCB)
15.3.14 Special Schools
15.4
AGENCIES INVOLVED
15.4.1
State Government
15.4.2
Non Governmental Organizations
15.4.2.1 Life Skills Education - Kerala Balavihar

15.4.2.2 Mitraniketan
15.5
ONGOING PROJECTS
15.5.1 IT@School Project

15.5.2 'Akshara Keralam' Project
15.5.3 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
15
Chapter
Education planning is one of the essential areas of interest in various

development schemes of the State Government. In the context of Right

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establishment of schools within the area prescribed except forest areas.

This chapter mainly deals with the existing development scenario, levels
of education, existing problems, potentials and spatial distribution of
major institutions in Thiruvananthapuram city.


In the present context, Thiruvananthapuram
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Education
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The City has

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Number of Centres of Excellence
Medical College, College of Engineering,

University College, Karyavattom, University
College, Govt. Law College, Kerala Law
Academy Law College, Sanskrit College,
Swathi Thirunal College of Music C-DIT,
CDS, CESS, NIIST, RGCB
School level activities are not planned

with a long term vision
In case of professional education, the

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resulted in an increased number of
colleges and intake in the Engineering
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Chapter 15 :
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131
16 HEALTH
16.1 EXISTING DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO

16.2 DISEASES
16.3 HEALTH CARE INFRASTRUCTURE
16.5 PROBLEMS
16.6 POTENTIALS
16.6.1 Regional Cancer Center
16.6.2 Sri Avittom Thirunal (SAT) Hospital
16.6.3 Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical
Science And Technology
16.6.4 General Hospital
16.6.5 Women & Children Hospital, Thycaud
16.6.6 Government Hospital, Peroorkkada
16.6.7 Mental Health Centre, Oolanpara
16.6.8 Government Ayurveda College Hospital
16.6.9 Government Homeopathic Medical
College Hospital
16
Chapter
Any city would need a healthy population for taking forward its development prospects and so it is
imperative that the city has high standard health service facilities. This Chapter
discusses the existing scenario of health sector in the city including common diseases
and health care infrastructure. The chapter further discusses the agencies involved, existing problems and potentials and infers discussing
development suggestions.
16.1 EXISTING DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO
16.2 DISEASES
The rapid decline in growth rate, highest mean age

at marriage especially of families, a very high level of
acceptance and awareness of family planning methods
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rate etc, are the commendable achievements in health
standards in Kerala which are almost comparable to that
of developed countries in the world. Low birth rate and
death rate along with high female life expectancy, low
infant mortality with negligible gap between rural and
urban areas and low levels of disability are the special
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wide network of health infrastructure and manpower,
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the city are discussed here. Longevity and changes in
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non-communicable diseases. These include diseases
such as heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure,
cancer and diabetes.
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completely free from the clutches of diseases.
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Chapter 16 :
135
Health

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to individuals with high risk behaviour and their sexual
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accidents are increasing. The suicide rate of women
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people. Depression is associated with reduced levels of

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cancer have a heightened probability of developing
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with negligible gap between rural

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Institute of Medical Science and
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16.3 HEALTH CARE INFRASTRUCTURE
health centre Oolampara,
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Re-emerging communicable diseases

and emergence of risk factors that
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is a major issue in the health sector.
Health care sector needs to improve

considerably in terms of availability and
quality of its physical infrastructure,
human resources and services so as to
make people aware of the situation.
Lack of space within the present location

for existing major Government Hospitals
for all the three realms (Allopathy, ISM
& Homeo) of health sector is a major
!! $ !! $ < +

135
big and small hospitals in this city, some of which has

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Chapter 16 :
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Chapter 16 :
16.6.4 General Hospital
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139
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tackled without undue delay by providing a common health care facility within the City limits.
140
Chapter 16 :

Health
141
17 ENVIRONMENT
142
17.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

17.1.1 Land
17.1.1.1 Topography
17.1.1.2 Wetlands
17.1.1.3 Sacred Groves (Kavu)
17.1.1.4 Coastal lands
17.1.1.5 City Greenery
17.1.2 Water
17.1.2.1 Waterbodies
17.1.2.2 Ground Water
17.2 POLLUTION ASPECTS
17.2.1 Water Pollution
17.2.2 Industrial Pollution
17.2.3 Air Pollution
17.2.4 Noise Pollution
17.2.5 Bio-Medical Waste
17.2.6 E-Waste
17.4 PROBLEMS
143
17
Chapter
Thiruvananthapuram, referred by Mahatma Gandhi as the

`Evergreen City of India, was known for its urban area development
and the ecological balance it maintained with miles of greenery
surrounding it. But over the years with burgeoning population,
economic growth and modernization, its state-of-the-art infrastructure
and resources are becoming redundant to deal with the burning issues
of the city today be it shortage of land, solid waste management,
sanitation, air pollution, noise pollution and water pollution. This
Chapter discusses the prevailing physical environment of the City
comprising land and waste, and the pollution aspects.
17.1.1.1 Topography
17.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

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Chapter 17 : Environment
145
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Figure 17.1 Existing wetland in the City
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Figure 17.2 Existing green in the City
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151
18 OTHER CIVIC AMENITIES
18.1 COMMUNITY HALLS

18.1.1 Victoria Jubilee Town Hall (VJT Hall)
18.2 READING ROOMS AND LIBRARY
18.2.1 State Central Library
18.2.2 Kerala University Library
18.3 CREMATORIA AND BURIAL GROUNDS
18.3.1 Santhi Kavadam (Thycaud Electric
Crematorium)
18.4 PARKS AND PLAY GROUNDS
18.5 OTHERS
18
Chapter
The facilities provided by the governments and municipal

corporations for common people are called civic amenities.
This chapter gives details of major civic amenities available in
Thiruvananthapuram city such as community halls, reading
rooms and library, cremation and burial grounds and parks,

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values, the habit of reading is to be encouraged by
exclusive community halls. Since community halls can
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various events, establishment of at least one hall in each
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area are the State Central Library and University Library.

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18.1 COMMUNITY HALLS
18.2.1 State Central Library
18.1.1 Victoria Jubilee Town Hall (VJT Hall)
State Central Library of Kerala is also known as

Thiruvananthapuram Public Library. It is situated at the
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events. Perhaps the most preferred venue for public

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154
155
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admission to the Library. The Library was then known
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of social science periodicals is considered to be one of
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teachers and others visit the library daily.
18.3 CREMATORIA AND BURIAL GROUNDS

x % % %

burial grounds. The number of burial grounds cannot
be increased much further, due to less space as well as
problems created to the environment. Shanthi kavadam,
the only electric crematorium in Thiruvananthapuram

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18.3.1 Santhi Kavadam (Thycaud Electric

Crematorium)
The total land area of Santhi Kavadam (Thycaud
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collected in urns. The ashes in the urns are handed over
Chapter 18 : Other Civic Amentities
D The City has a fairly good network

of Civic amenities
D It is encouraging to have parks and
open spaces though more or less
! < <
D The existing electrical crematorium
is a well maintained model for the
City
D Most of the libraries and Reading
rooms are not facilitated with
computer facilities
D Only 15 wards have crematoria
/ burial grounds with only one
electrical crematorium for the City
D Only 21 wards are having exclusive
play grounds and only 23 wards
are having parks showing lack of
hierarchy in open spaces
D Only 21 wards have police stations
most of which are not facilitated
with computer facilities
D The present Central Prison does
not have any space for expansion
to be upgraded to a Correctional
Institution
D ? @
the Corporation area

155
%
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separate powerful transformer exclusively for the purpose

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stones with green carpet on both sides. The spot is called
the Smrithi Mandapam. There is another enclosure to
accommodate more people in the Smrithi Mandapam.
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the vehicles, adjacent to the Smrithi Mandapam. There

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the electric crematorium. Electric crematorium project

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156 156

18.4 PARKS AND PLAY GROUNDS

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with neither play grounds nor parks. Only 3 wards have
more than one play grounds, Parks, playgrounds, green
spaces and other open spaces are necessary for the
availability of fresh air. These areas also form
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biodiversity and providing a home for natural
species in environments that are otherwise
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100 wards in cases of emergency. They are unable to
cover periphery areas of the city and hence is unable to
provide complete coverage for city area.
18.5 OTHERS
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INFERENCE
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be addressed among the future development
prospects of the City with the provision of improved
infrastructure. An open space hierarchy has to be
provided for the City for improved leisure and

Fig. 18.1 Distribution of Parks in the city
158

159
19 housing
19.1
SLUMS AND OTHER SUB-STANDARD

HOUSING
19.2
CITY SLUM IDENTIFICATION
19.3
EXISTING SLUM IMPROVEMENT

PROGRAMMES
19.4
HOUSING SHORTAGE
19.5
PROBLEMS
19
Chapter
Housing
is an important sector, for
carving out any future City development
scenario. This Chapter briefs the slums and other
sub-standard housing in the City, its problems,
and housing shortage.

HOUSING
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162
Chapter 19 :
Housing
BPL population- 120367 (26.36% of

the total City population) in 2001
Punjakkari ward has the maximum

number of slums; 20 slums.
Kottapuram ward has the maximum

slum population.
132 slums are located within or

in proximity to solid waste dumps,
drainage ponds, open drains, streams,
canals etc.
90 slums are unauthorized settlements

on public land like road Purambokku,
railway land, thodu Purambokku, canal
Purambokku etc.

Figure 19.1 Ward wise distributions of Slums
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199 slums located in low lying areas.
Grade 1 slums : values 40-66 (104

slums).
Grade 2 slums: values 30-40 (72

slums).
Grade 3 slums: values 20-30 (86

slums).
Grade 4 slums: values <20 (52 slums).
Remaining (159 slums).
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20.1
DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF
THE CITY
20.2
INTENSITY OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE

CITY
20.3
POPULATION DENSITY IN URBAN

FORM
20 BUILT UP DENSITY
20
Chapter
The built up density analyse the density of buildings in a

particular area. In this chapter grid wise analysis is done
for identifying built up density. The existing building foot
print (Building extent) of city is taken from satellite imagery
and GIS analysis is done to identify the pattern of the
distribution of built up area. From this the direction of
development intensity is analysed for the city.
20.1
DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE

CITY
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173
Built up Density
D The City
Z Development trend is obviously
along major transport corridors
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Figure 20.1 Building foot print density grid of the
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the City showing intensity of
development.
Z Clear cut pattern in existing
population density based urban
form.
Figure 20.2 Direction of Development of the City

173
Figure 20.3 Intensity of Development in the City
174
Chapter 20:
Built up Density
Figure 20.4 Population density based urban form of the City -2011

175

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21
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
178
21.1
21.1.1
21.1.2
21.1.3
21.1.4
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.4.1

21.5
TRANSPORT NETWORK
Road Network
Rail Transport
Air Transport
Water Transport
VEHICLE POPULATION
ROAD NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS
TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY
Link Volume and Capacity Utilization

PARKING CHARACTERISTICS AND
PARKING ACCUMULATION
21.6 PEDESTRIAN VOLUME
21.7 BASE YEAR INTER-CITY TRAVEL
CHARACTERISTICS
21.7.1 Characteristics Of Inter-city

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21.7.1.1 Modal-split
21.7.1.2 Purpose of Trip
21.7.1.3 Origin-destination of Passenger Trips
21.7.1.4 Pattern of Inter-city Passenger Trips
21.8 INTER-CITY GOODS TRAFFIC

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Cordon Points
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21.9 PROBLEMS
179
21
Chapter
Tran spor tation

network is like a nervous system of a
city which often indicates the distribution of development
a city has. A transportation network ensuring inter connectivity and
intra connectivity of a city is an impetus for the development of the city. This
chapter gives the existing status of all four modes of transport within the
City, particularly road transport probing into vehicle population, network

characteristics, volume study, parking characteristics, pedestrian volume

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21.1 TRANSPORT NETWORK

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dominant modes of transport viz. road, rail, and air. Of
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Other major arterial road in the City namely
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the city areas.
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Source : NATPAC 2011

!
184
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to the capacity of the road stretch.
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stretches were compared with the capacity of road

%
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21.5 PARKING CHARACTERISTICS AND
PARKING ACCUMULATION
-4
.
J%

% % %
City.
Parking surveys were carried out on major road
6

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21.6 PEDESTRIAN VOLUME

Pedestrian surveys were conducted at major

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found to be high.
Source: NATPAC 2011
*4 %
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Based on the reconnaissance survey, turning

7% 7 % x
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the City were conducted to ascertain the peak hour
6
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in
Thiruvananthapuram City is predominantly met by

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role in transport of inter-city passengers. An analysis of
the O-D survey data collected from outer cordon survey

%
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Source: NATPAC 2011
186
Source: NATPAC 2011
Chapter 21 %#

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21.7.1.3 Origin-destination of passenger trips

%
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as inter-city trips in the city on a reference day. The

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lakh inter-city passenger trips were performed for work
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passenger trips.
Source: NATPAC 2011
Chart 21.2 Purpose of trip
Source: NATPAC 2011

@; <+
trips

187
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performed through the city and they were only three per
cent of the total trips.
Source: NATPAC 2011
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% % ,
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of goods vehicles at outer cordon points, modal split of
,
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188
Source: NATPAC 2011

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within the city vis-a-vis the outside city revealed that
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passing through the CBD area of the the City due to nonavailability of alternate link roads.

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21.9 PROBLEMS

%Q % "
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by Thiruvananthapuram city are:
190
-7.

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in on street parking, reducing capacity of the
7 ,=

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made to go through the central city roads, adding
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and other similar events, Thiruvananthapuram
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are to be envisaged for the city with state of the
art technology input for all the four modes of
% "
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Chapter 21 %#

&

191
22
EXISTING SPATIAL
STRUCTURE
22.1 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER

OF WARDS
22.2 ACTIVITY PATTERN
22.3 EXISTING CONNECTIVITY
PATTERN
22.4 EXISTING HIERARCHY OF
NODES
22.5 EXISTING SPATIAL STRUCTURE
22
Chapter
This Chapter gives a brief description

on Spatial Structure of Thiruvananthapuram city. The
Functional Character of the settlement, Activity pattern based on
land use, Connectivity Pattern and Hierarchy of Nodes are taken

!

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FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF WARDS
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195
Chapter 22 :
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ACTIVITY PATTERN

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transport corridors from the central area of the
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D The functional character of the city

shows that major part of the city
area is having urban character.
D The resultant activity pattern
! !
activity, Industrial activity, Mixed
residential activity, Public & Semi
Public activity and Commercial
activity.
D Overall the city is mainly an urban
centre with more than of the
area being used as mixed residential
use.
D The Corporation has three major
roads, one proposed major road
and two sub major roads of district
level passing through it.
D The existing road network and
nodes are not uniformly distributed
in the Thiruvananthapuram city.
D There is a need for change in the
hierarchy of nodes for the city.
D There are no clear cut patterns

of roads connecting the existing
hierarchy of nodes.
D }~ ; !
the existing hierarchy of nodes
distributed in the Corporation
area.
D The Central area has intense
commercial activity

195
Figure 22.1 Functional Character of Wards at Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
196
Chapter 22 :
7% "

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Table 22.1 Determination of Activity Pattern in Thiruvananthapuram Corporation

197
Figure 22.2 Derivation of Activity Pattern of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
198
Chapter 22 :
Figure 22.3 Existing Activity Pattern of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation

199
22.3
EXISTING CONNECTIVITY PATTERN

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Figure 22.4 Existing Road Network of District
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Figure 22.5 Existing Road Network of

Thiruvananthapuram city
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EXISTING HIERARCHY OF NODES

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201
Figure 22.7 Existing Spatial Structure
202
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203
23 SUMMARY
AND
FINDINGS
23.1 SUMMARY OF ANALYSES

23.2 MAJOR FINDINGS
23
Chapter
This chapter
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23.1 SUMMARY OF ANALYSES
23.2 MAJOR FINDINGS

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D By 2031 the City needs to cater a

population of 10,32,292.
D Cultivators and agricultural labourers
constitute only 2% of the population
clearly indicating the urban nature of the
City.
D The core area of the city has high
concentration of Commercial activities,
while the surrounding area is occupied by
residential activities.
D High tech enterprises can be an economic
base for the City in future.
D The City needs to develop a well distributed
hierarchy of commercial nodes and
locating the market facilities accordingly.
D The City has immense potential to be
developed as a major tourism destination.
D The City has a number of heritage
precincts/corridors which can be linked
to tourism.
D There are City areas which face severe
water shortages in summer and there is
35% physical loss in distribution.
D The situation of existing sewerage and
solid waste management system is tragic.
D City has the potential to be developed as
a knowledge city.
D Lack of space for existing major Hospitals
within the present location for all the
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housing areas and there is considerable
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dwellers.
D < $!
facilities has to be planned for the city.
D Though the City is provided with the
required civic amenities, it has poor
infrastructure facilities.
D There is scope for further compaction in
the urban form for the city.
209
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23 :: Summary
Summary and
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215
24
VISION, GOALS AND

OBJECTIVES
24.1 THE VISION STATEMENT

24.2 GOALS
24.3 THE OBJECTIVES
24
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This
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24.1 THE VISION STATEMENT

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Chapter 24 : Vision, Goals And Objectives
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24.3 THE OBJECTIVES
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25 Development concept
224
25.1
POPULATION PROJECTION AND

ITS DISTRIBUTION
25.2
SUGGESTED CITY FORM AND

DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT
25.3
SUGGESTED HIERARCHY OF
NODES
25.4
SUGGESTED ROAD CONNECTIVITY
25.5
SUGGESTED SPATIAL STRUCTURE
25.6
SUGGESTED BLUE-GREEN NETWORK
25.7
ENVISAGED CITY FUNCTIONS
25.8
THE CITY DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

2031
225
25
Chapter
From the analyses it is clear that the determining factors for formulating
the development concept are the urban form, determined by the future spatial
structure based on population density distribution, built up density and
zones, physical direction of development, blue-green network, hierarchy of

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objectives and to spatially address them in a conceptual form. This Chapter

gives the suggested urban form, population density distribution, built up
density and zones, direction of development, blue green network, hierarchy
of nodes, resulting spatial structure and the envisaged city functions and the
City development concept.
25.1
POPULATION PROJECTION AND

ITS DISTRIBUTION
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Chapter 25 : Development Concept
227
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Table 25.1 Containable population in zones
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Core city Regulated development

Central City - Redevelopment
Outer City Intensive development
City Periphery Conservative development
New Town at Chenkottukonam
Port Town at Vizhinjam
Kovalam -Thiruvallam Tourism Hub
Veli Akkulam Tourist villages as a major

Tourismdestination
International Convention Centre at Akkulam
Kazhakottam Techno Nub
Strategic Zone for coastal area
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LRTS connecting Central City nodes
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connection roads concept for the City
Multimodal mobility Hub at Akkulam
SUGGESTED CITY FORM AND

DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT
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237
INFERENCE
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PART III
LAND USE PLAN AND

SECTORAL PROPOSALS
26 PROPOSED LAND USE 2031
242
26.1 PROPOSED LAND USE
243
26
Chapter
The Proposed land use map is the important blue print for guiding the
future development of the city. This chapter reports the Proposed Land
Use Plan of the Thiruvananthapuram City for the year 2031.
26.1 PROPOSED LAND USE

The planning area of Thiruvananthapuram Master
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Chapter 26 : Proposed Land use 2031
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Also refer: Part IV, Development Controls
252

253
27 traffic and transportation

plan 2031
254
27.1
PROPOSED ROAD NETWORK
27.2
CYCLE TRACK
27.3
JUNCTION IMPROVEMENT
PROGRAMMES
27.4
PROPOSED RAIL NETWORK
27.5
MONO RAIL
27.6
PROPOSED INLAND WATER TRANS

PORT NETWORK
27.7
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT FOR AIR

TRANSPORT
27.8
TRANSPORT TERMINALS
27.8.1 Multi Modal Mobility Hub

27.8.2 Bus Terminals
27.8.3 Rail Terminals
27.8.4 Inland Water Transport Terminals
27.8.5 Air Terminal
27.8.6 Goods Terminals
27.9
Pedestrian Facilities
27.10 Parking Facilities
255
27
Chapter
While
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City, one of the primary objectives is to

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Inner ring road
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Other Roads
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centres, educational/health institutions,
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Other Proposals
Z
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28 Sectoral Proposals
28.1
INDUSTRY
28.2
TRADE AND COMMERCE
28.3
TOURISM
28.4
HERITAGE
28.5
WATER SUPPLY
28.6
SEWERAGE
28.7
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
28.8
EDUCATION
28.9
HEALTH
28.10
ENVIRONMENT
28.11
CIVIC AMENITIES
28.12
HOUSING AND SLUM

DEVELOPMENT
28
Chapter
Detailing of the proposals based on the proposed land use plan

will instigate development of the city. This Chapter briefs the
development proposals of various sectors for City development
28.1 INDUSTRY
The new development, such as Vizhinjam
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D Core City is poised to grow in service

sector, Health care, Hospitality, Tourism
& Commercial sector
D Scope of setting up export oriented SEZs
at Vizhinjam
D Correction centre and Agro Industrial
Centre in New Town
D Increased trade and commerce activities
in CBD
D Redevelopment of Chalai market
D One major Interstate and one minor
Intercity tourist circuit
D Conservation of Grade I heritage
precincts in Phase I
D Poojappura prison to be converted
to heritage precincts. A light and
sound show of the story Mathilukal
by the renowned writer Sri. Vaikkom
Muhammed Basheer can be screened
here.
D Strict implementation of Rain water
harvesting
D Two pronged strategy for Management
of bio-degradable waste
D Centralised treatment for non bio
degradable waste and e-waste at
Vilappilsala with technology change
D Blue green network for the City
D Implementation of Slum improvement
Schemes in a phased manner
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286
Chapter 28 :

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Table 28.2 Phasing of Slum scheme implementation
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Chapter 28 :
Sectoral Proposals
289
29 DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
292
I. Zoning Regulation
II. Zone wise varying Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
III. Transferable Development Rights (TDR)
IV. Special General guide lines for the
preparation of layout plan/DTP Scheme
for the Green to Planned Development
zone.
293
29
Chapter
1.0
All future developments shall be in conformity

with the provisions of the Thiruvananthapuram
Master Plan (General Town Planning Scheme) for
the planning area comprising Thiruvananthapuram

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The development control has four parts.

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III. Transferable Development Rights (TDR)
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of layout plan/DTP Scheme for the Green to
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the proposals envisaged in this General Town
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are given in the accompanying sheets. These
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elsewhere in the scheme and in accordance with }
the local Coastal Zone Management Plan approved
by the Ministry of Environment and Forests in

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be normally accommodated in the relevant zone.
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refered to as the Secretary.
294
In some cases it may be possible to permit some
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category deals with the uses that shall be restricted
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the scheme, such use shall be termed as nonconforming use. A non-conforming use may

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Chapter
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29 : 29Development
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Controls
widening as per the scheme shall be governed

Town Planner.
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detailed road alignment approved by the Chief
referred along the GLS-2 Map.
295
296
Chapter 29 : Development Controls

297
298
299
300

301
302

303
304

305
306

307
308
Chapter
Chapter
29 : 29Development
: Zoning Regulation
Controls

309
310

311
312

313
3.0
II. Zone wise varying FAR
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be given an FAR equivalent to what is suggested
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The table below shows the details.

315
4.0
III. Transfer of Development Right (TDR)
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316
5.2
Preferably the layout plan/DTP Scheme should be

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provided that part of land have a minimum of 1
ha of area and the area remaining should be less
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approach is not encouraged.
5.3
The Layout Plan/DTP Scheme is to be based on a

1 m interval contour map of the area and detailed
land use map at cadastral level.

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be limited to 30%. The coverage in the individual
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10% of the developed land in the lay out plan/DTP

Scheme should be earmarked for economically
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Any other requirement as required by the KMBR

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IV. Special General Guide lines for the

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Annexe 1
29.
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30.
service or light industries
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Gold and silver thread sari work

Ice-cream or ice making
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Aerated water and fuit beverages
32.
Jobbing and machining
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Apparel making
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Light engineering

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4.
Assembly of bicycles, baby carriage and other

small non motorized vehicles.

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products

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Photo and picture framing
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Embroidery and lace manufacturing
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317
Annexes
318
9.1
11.1
List of Heritage building with grade
19.1
Grade I Slums
19.2
Grade II Slums
19.3
Grade III Slums
19.4
Grade IV Slums
19.5
Remaining Slums
21.1
Inventory details of major roads in

Thiruvananthapuram City
21.2
Volume-capacity ratio on major road links

within Thiruvananthapuram City
+
:; <=

intersections in Thiruvananthapuram City
21.4
Locations selected for parking demand

survey in Thiruvananthapuram City
22.1
Functional Character of the City
22.2
Activity based Spatial Structure
27.1
Analysis of Road Width
27.2
Proposed Roads to be widened
319
Annexes
ANNEXE 9.1
320
Annexes
ANNEXE 11.1
List of Heritage Building with Grade

321
322
Annexes

323
324
Annexes

325
326
Annexes
ANNEXE 19.1
Grade 1 Slums

327
Soure: Analysed from the Corporation data
328
Annexes
ANNEXE 19.2
Grade 2 Slums

329
Source: Analysed from the Corporation data
330
Annexes
ANNEXE 19.3
Grade 3 Slums

331
Source: Analysed from the Corporation data
332
Annexes
ANNEXE 19.4
Grade 4 Slums

333
ANNEXE 19.5
Remaining Slums
334
Annexes

335
336
Annexes
Source : Analysed from the Corporation data

337
Source: NATPAC 2011
Annexe 21.1
338
Annexes
Annexe 21.2

339
340
Annexes

341
342
Annexes

343
344
Annexes
Source: NATPAC 2011

345
Annexe 21.3
346
Annexes
Source: NATPAC 2011

347
Source: NATPAC 2011
Annexe 21.4
348
349
350
351
352
Annexes
Annexe 27.1

353
354
355
356
357

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NOVEMBER 2012

STUDY AND ANALYSIS

Need for the plan

Earlier planning efforts and studies

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INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT VISION

Summary and Findings

Goals and Objectives

LAND USE PLAN AND SECTORAL PROPOSALS

Proposed Land Use 2031

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Population Projection for the City - Decrease Rate Method

Major Industrial Parks in the City

Special Economic zones in the City

Percentage of workers engaged in Trade & Commerce Sector in Corporations

Growth of vehicle population in Thiruvananthapuram District

Vehicle population in Thiruvananthapuram district

Major road stretches with V/C ratio >2 in 2009

Locations for origin-destination survey in Thiruvananthapuram City

Modal split of inter-city daily

Modal split of inter-city daily goods

Determination of Activity Pattern in Thiruvananthapuram Corporation

Containable population in zones

Zone wise Priority of development

Land use area

Proposed road widths

List of markets for Solid waste disposal facility

Phasing of Slum scheme implementation

Thiruvananthapuram District and the city

Local bodies of Thiruvananthapuram

Thiruvananthapuram Corporation Wards

Evolution of Thiruvananthapuram city

District Regional Linkages

Regional Linkages of the City

Distribution of Population in wards

Grama Panchayats with higher growth rate of population

Population density - Comparison among LSGs in Thiruvananthapuram District

Distribution of Population Density among the wards

LSGI wise Projected Population Density Distribution - 2021

Distribution of Concentration Index of Total Workers among the Planning units

Distribution of WPR among the Planning units

Concentration Index of Main workers

Concentration Index of Cultivators

Land use Concentration Thiruvananthapuram District

Existing Land Use of the City - 2012

Commercial Land use Concentration

Agriculture Land use Concentration

Other Major Land uses Concentration

Activity Zones based on Land use Concentration Pattern

Major MSMEs in the City

Existing Commercial Clusters: 2012

Existing Hierarchy of Commercial Clusters

Existing Hierarchy of Markets

Existing Hierarchy of markets and commercial clusters

Ward wise Distribution of Major Drinking Water Sources

Water Scarcity among wards

Ward wise distribution of method of sewage disposal

Ward wise Interval of Solid Waste Collection

Corporation Health Circles (86 wards)

Centres of Excellence in the City

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