Chapter 04 - ABAP Data Declarations

IBM Global Business Services
ABAP Data Declarations
ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
IBM Corporation 2013
Objectives
The participants will be able to :
List ABAP elementary data types
Declaring variables
List user-defined data types
Use arithmetic expressions
List field-symbols
Dec-2008
ABAP Elementary Data Types
C: Character Text
N: Numeric Text
I: Integer
D: Date
P: Packed #
T: Time
F: Floating Point #
X: Hexadecimal #
STRING
XSTRING
Dec-2008
ABAP Elementary Data Types (Contd.)
C: Character Text
N: Numeric Text
I: Integer
D: Date
P: Packed #
T: Time
F: Floating Point #
X: Hexadecimal #
STRING
XSTRING
Dec-2008
Declaring Variables
DATA:
PLAYER(35) TYPE C,
NICKNAME(35),
POINTS
TYPE I,
GAMES
TYPE I
AVERAGE(5) TYPE P,
STARTER,
ACQUIRED TYPE D.
VALUE 10,
Dec-2008
Initial Values
C: (blank)
N: zeroes
I: zero
D: 00000000
P: zero
T: 000000
F: zeroes
X: 00
The CLEAR statement sets a field back to its

initial value, not its default value.
6
Dec-2008
Assigning Default Values
DATA:
PLAYER(35) TYPE C,
NICKNAME(35)
POINTS
TYPE I
GAMES
TYPE I
AVERAGE(5) TYPE P
STARTER
ACQUIRED TYPE D
VALUE Dr. J,
VALUE 255,
VALUE 10,
VALUE 25.5,
VALUE Yes,
VALUE 19760610.
Dec-2008
Declaring Like Fields
DATA:
PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE Julius Erving,

NICKNAME(35),
ACQUIRED TYPE D.
Use the LIKE addition to declare fields with

the same format (i.e., data type and length)
DATA:
PLAYER(35)
NICKNAME
ACQUIRED
TYPE C VALUE Julius Erving,

LIKE PLAYER,
LIKE SY-DATUM.
Dec-2008
Declaring Constants
The VALUE addition is required.
CONSTANTS: TEAM1(20)
TYPE C
VALUE 76ers,
TEAM2
TYPE TEAM1
VALUE Celtics,
TOT_GAMES TYPE I
VALUE 82.
If you attempt to change the value of a

constant, a syntax error will occur.
Dec-2008
User-Defined Data Types
TYPES:
NAME(35)
TEAMS(20)
DATA:
PLAYER
NICKNAME
CONSTANTS: TEAM1
TEAM2
TYPE C,
TYPE C.
TYPE NAME VALUE Troy Aikman,
TYPE PLAYER.
TYPE TEAMS VALUE Cowboys,
TYPE TEAM1
VALUE Packers.
A user-defined data type created with the TYPES statement

is used to specify a fields data type in the TYPE addition
of the DATA or CONSTANTS statements.
10
Dec-2008
Output Characteristic for Data Types

Standard Length
11
Justification
C = defined length
C = left-justified
I = 12
I = right-justified
P = (2 * defined length) + 1
P = right-justified
F = 22
F = right-justified
N = defined length
N = left-justified
D = 10
D = left-justified
T =8
T = left-justified
X = (2 * defined length)
X = left-justified
Dec-2008
Output for Numeric Fields

DATA:
FLOAT
PACK
INT
TYPE F
TYPE P
TYPE I
VALUE 98.7654321E2,
VALUE 12,
VALUE 32.
WRITE: / FLOAT,
/ FLOAT EXPONENT 1 DECIMALS 3,
/ FLOAT EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2,
/ PACK,
/ PACK DECIMALS 1,
/ INT DECIMALS 2.
These fields are not aligned

because of the different
standard output lengths of
the numeric type fields.
12
9.876543210000000E+03
987.654E+01
9876.54
12
12.0
32.00
Dec-2008
Demonstration
Declaring variables and constants.
13
Dec-2008
Practice
Declaring variables and constants.
14
Dec-2008
Assigning Values to Fields

MOVE <value> TO <field>.
[COMPUTE] <field> = <value or expression>.
ADD
<value> TO
SUBTRACT <value> FROM
MULTIPLY <field> BY
DIVIDE
<field> BY
DATA:
<field>.
<field>.
<value>.
<value>.
TITLE(25),
SALARY TYPE P,
CNVSALARY TYPE SALARY,
MOVE President TO TITLE.

COMPUTE SALARY = 5000000.
CNVSALARY = SALARY * 3.
ADD 1000 TO SALARY.
15
Dec-2008
Arithmetic Expressions
Operators
+ - * / **
DIV and MOD
Functions
SQRT, EXP, LOG,
SIN, COS, STRLEN, . . .
COUNTER = COUNTER + 1.
SALARY = BASE * BONUS_PERCENT.
LENGTH = STRLEN( NAME ).
ANSWER = ( 10 + SQRT( NUM1 ) ) / ( NUM2 - 10 ).
Spacing is very important when using arithmetic expressions!!!
16
Dec-2008
Sub-Fields in ABAP
DATA: CUSTOMER(10) TYPE C,

INV_DATE TYPE SYDATUM.
CUSTOMER = 1234567890.
INV_DATE = 19960626.
Use an offset and length to

display or change portions of a
field.
WRITE: / CUSTOMER+8(2), xx,

INV_DATE(4).
* Start of Month
INV_DATE+6(2) = 01.
CUSTOMER+6(4) = ABCD.
WRITE: / CUSTOMER, ------, INV_DATE.
17
90 xx 1996
123456ABCD ----- 06/01/1996
Dec-2008
Date Calculations in ABAP
DATA: DAYSOLD TYPE P,

DOB TYPE D,
TODAY TYPE SYDATUM.
DOB
TODAY
Date fields store values as

YYYYMMDD.
= 19621230.
= SY-DATUM.
DAYSOLD = TODAY - DOB.

WRITE: You are, DAYSOLD, days old.
You are 12410 days old.
18
Dec-2008
Demonstration
Assigning values to the fields and doing calculations.
19
Dec-2008
Practice
Assigning values to the fields and doing calculations.
20
Dec-2008
Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS:
NUM TYPE I,
NAME(20) DEFAULT AARON.
ADD 10 TO NUM.
WRITE: / NUM,
----,
NAME.
Selection Screen
21
Dec-2008
Selection Texts
These selection texts

will be used on the
selection screen
instead of the
parameter names.
Selection Screen With the parameter description

22
Dec-2008
Demonstration
Creation of a selection screen and displaying the value in the report.
23
Dec-2008
Practice
Creation of a selection screen and displaying the value in the report.
24
Dec-2008
Working with Field Symbols in ABAP

DATA: NUM TYPE I VALUE 12.
FIELD-SYMBOLS:
<F1>,
<F2> TYPE I,
<F3> TYPE NUM.
A field symbol is a
pointer that assumes a
fields address, not a
fields value.
ASSIGN: NUM TO <F1>,

NUM TO <F2>,
NUM TO <F3>.
WRITE: / Line 1:, NUM, <F1>, <F2>, <F3>.
<F1> = 32.
WRITE: / Line 2:, NUM, <F1>, <F2>, <F3>.
Line 1: 12
Line 2: 32
25
12
32
12
32
Dec-2008
12
32
Demonstration
Working with Field Symbols.
26
Dec-2008
Practice
Working with Field Symbols.
27
Dec-2008
Dynamic Assignment of Partial Strings

DATA:
TEXT_LINE(30) VALUE ABCDEFGHIJK.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>.
ASSIGN TEXT_LINE+2(5) TO <FSYMBOL>.
* this assigns 5 characters of text_line starting at
* position 3 to the field string.
WRITE: / Text Line =, TEXT_LINE.
ULINE.
WRITE: / Field Symbol=, <FSYMBOL>.
ULINE.
<FSYMBOL> = 1234567890.
WRITE: / Field Symbol =, <FSYMBOL>.
ULINE.
WRITE: / Text Line =, TEXT_LINE.
28
Dec-2008
Dynamic Field Assignment

PARAMETERS FIELD(8) DEFAULT SY-UZEIT.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>.
ASSIGN (FIELD) TO <FSYMBOL>.
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
WRITE: / The contents of field, FIELD, <FSYMBOL>.
ELSE.
WRITE: / Failure assigning field, FIELD, to field symbol.
ENDIF.
FIELD
SY-UZEIT
Selection Screen
List
The contents of field SY-UZEIT 12:32:06

29
Dec-2008
Demonstration
Dynamic assignment with the Field Symbol.
30
Dec-2008
Practice
Dynamic assignment with the Field Symbol.
31
Dec-2008
Summary
DATA statement is used to declare a variable (or field) in an ABAP program
"LIKE" and "TYPE" statements are used to declare fields with reference to other
variables or fields
CONSTANTS statement is used to declare a constant
Text elements can be used to maintain a programs title and column headings,
selection texts, and text symbols. These text elements can be maintained in
multiple languages
A field symbol does not reserve space for the field, but points to the field
ASSIGN statement associates a field to a field symbol at runtime
The system carries out automatic type conversion if variables are not of the same
type
ABAP allows to display and change portions of a field by specifying an offset and
length
32
Dec-2008
Questions
What are the different types of data types?
What is a field symbol ? What is the advantage of using it in the program?
How to create a selection screen with the selection screen text?
33
Dec-2008

Chapter 04 - ABAP Data Declarations

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IBM Global Business Services

ABAP Data Declarations

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

ABAP Elementary Data Types

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

ABAP Elementary Data Types (Contd.)

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

The CLEAR statement sets a field back to its

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Assigning Default Values

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Declaring Like Fields

PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE Julius Erving,

Use the LIKE addition to declare fields with

ABAP Data Declarations |

TYPE C VALUE Julius Erving,

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

The VALUE addition is required.

If you attempt to change the value of a

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

User-Defined Data Types

A user-defined data type created with the TYPES statement

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Output Characteristic for Data Types

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Output for Numeric Fields

These fields are not aligned

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Assigning Values to Fields

MOVE President TO TITLE.

ABAP Data Declarations |

IBM Corporation 2013