Unit9RayOptics

Due:7:30amonTuesday,February17,2015
Tounderstandhowpointsareawarded,readtheGradingPolicyforthisassignment.

PrelectureVideo:Lensesandimages(Chapter18,Video3)
ClickthePlaybuttonbelowtostartthevideo.Youmustanswerthequestionsembeddedinthevideoinorderto
proceedthroughit.Whenyouhavewatchedtheentirevideo,answerthefollowupquestionbelowinPartA.Onlythis
followupquestionwillbegraded.

PartA
Aconverginglensbringsraysoflighttogetheratafocalpoint.Thebendingoflightraysistheresultof
ANSWER:

Diffractionoflightthroughthesmallapertureofthelens.
Refractionoflightpassingthroughthelens.
Reflectionoflightfromthefrontsurfaceofthelens.
Acombinationofreflectionandrefraction.

Correct

PrelectureVideo:Refraction(Chapter18,Video2)
ClickthePlaybuttonbelowtostartthevideo.Youmustanswerthequestionsembeddedinthevideoinorderto
proceedthroughit.Whenyouhavewatchedtheentirevideo,answerthefollowupquestionbelowinPartA.Onlythis
followupquestionwillbegraded.

PartA
Whenlighthitstheboundarybetweentwodifferentmaterials,itcanundergo

ANSWER:
Refraction.
Bothreflectionandrefraction.
Reflection.

Correct

PrelectureVideo:Mirrorsandreflection(Chapter18,Video1)
ClickthePlaybuttonbelowtostartthevideo.Youmustanswerthequestionsembeddedinthevideoinorderto
proceedthroughit.Whenyouhavewatchedtheentirevideo,answerthefollowupquestionbelowinPartA.Onlythis
followupquestionwillbegraded.

PartA
Whenyoulookatanobjectinamirror,theimageis

ANSWER:
Atthesurfaceofthemirror.
Infrontofthemirror.
Behindthemirror.

Correct

ReflectionVectorDrawing
Vittorioneedstocleanthedustymirrorhangingonthewallbeforehecanuseit,buthewouldliketocleanaslittleof
themirroraspossible.

PartA
Vittoriowouldliketobeabletoseethelogoonhisshirt.Drawtheincidentandreflectedraysshowingthelight
fromthelogoreflectingoffthemirrorintohiseyes.Theraysshouldmeetatthepointonthemirrorthatneeds
cleaning.
Drawthevectors,forthereflectedandincidentray,startingandendingatthesurfaceofthemirror
respectively.Thelocationandorientationofthevectorswillbegraded.

Hint1.Thelawofreflection
Theangleanincidentlightraymakeswithamirroristhesameastheanglemadebythereflectedray.

Hint2.Equalanglesandequaldistances
SincetheobjectsVittorioisinterestedinseeingareat(approximately)thesamedistancefromthemirroras
hiseyes,thefactthattheincidentandreflectedanglesarethesamemeansthattheverticaldistances
traveledbythelightonincidenceandreflectionarethesame.
ANSWER:

Correct

PartB
Vittoriowouldliketobeabletocheckwhetherhisshoelacesaretied.Drawtheincidentandreflectedraysshowing
thelightfromhisshoelacesreflectingoffthemirrorintohiseyes.Again,theraysshouldmeetatthepointonthe
mirrorthatneedscleaning.
(SeethehintsfromPartAifyouneedhelp.)
Drawthevectors,forthereflectedandincidentray,startingandendingatthesurfaceofthemirror
respectively.Thelocationandorientationofthevectorswillbegraded.
ANSWER:

Correct

WhereIstheImage?
LearningGoal:
Tounderstandhowtouseraytracingtodetermineimagelocationandsizeforaconvexlens.
Raytracingisonewaytodeterminethelocationandsizeofanimageformedbyalens.Raytracingallowsyouto
followthepathofafewprincipalraysoriginatingfromapointontheimagedobject.Thethinlensapproximation
simplifiesraytracingbyignoringdetailsoflightpropagationinsidethelens.
Aconverginglensfocusesasetoflightraysenteringthelensononesideparalleltoitsaxistoasinglefocalpointon
theoppositesideofthelens.Iftheprincipalraysemittedfromasinglepointonanobjectallintersectatasinglepoint
afterpassingthroughaconverginglens,thenthisintersectionpointhelpsindeterminingthelocationandsizeofareal
imageoftheobject.Themostusefulprincipalraysforconverginglensesarethefollowing:
1. ThePrayisdirectedparalleltotheaxisofthelens.Itemergesfromthelensdirectedtowardthefocal
pointonthesideofthelensoppositetheobject.
2. TheMrayisdirectedtowardthemidpointofthelens.Itemergesfromthelensunchangedindirection.
3. TheFrayisdirectedtowardthefocalpointonthesamesideofthelensastheobject.Itemergesfrom
thelensdirectedparalleltothelensaxis.

PartA
TracethePrayandMrayfromthetipoftheobjectfortheconverginglensshown(usethelabelP1 forthe
segmentofthePrayonthesamesideastheobjectandP2 forthesegmentontheoppositeside).Thepoints
labeledFarethefocalpointsofthelens.BesuretoextendtheMrayenoughtointersectthePray.

Drawthevectorsfortheincidentraysstartingfromthetipoftheobject.Thelocationandorientationofthe
vectorswillbegraded.

Hint1.PathofthePray
Foraconverginglens,thePrayisinitiallyparalleltotheaxisofthelens.Itemergesfromthelensonthe
oppositesidedirectedtowardthefocalpoint.

Hint2.PathoftheMray
TheMrayisinitiallydirectedtowardthemidpointofthelens.Itemergesfromthelenswithoutchanging
direction.
ANSWER:

Correct

PartB
Ifthefocallength(thedistancefromthelenstoeitherfocalpointF)ofthelensisf ,whichofthefollowingistrue
ofthehorizontaldistanced i fromthelenstotheimage?

Hint1.Locationoftheimageformedbythelens
Recallthatthelocationoftheimagefoundbyraytracingisdeterminedbytheintersectionpointoftwoor
moreprincipalrays.

ANSWER:
di < f
f < d i < 2f
d i > 2f

Correct

PartC
NowaddtheFraytoyourdiagram(usethelabelF1 forthesegmentoftheFrayonthesamesideastheobject
andF2 forthesegmentontheoppositeside).
Drawthevectorsstartingfromthetipoftheobject.Thelocationandorientationofthevectorswillbe
graded.

Hint1.PathoftheFray
Foraconverginglens,theFray,orfocalpointray,isaraythatpassesthroughthefocalpointlocatedon
thesamesideofthelensastheobjectandemergesparalleltotheaxisofthelens.
ANSWER:

Correct
Asyoucansee,allthreeprincipalrayspassthroughthesameintersectionpoint.Infact,allraysfroma
singlepointontheobjectwillpassthroughasinglepointontheoppositesideofaconverginglens.Therefore
youcanusetheintersectionpointofanytworaystofindthelocationoftheimagetheprincipalraysare
usuallytheeasiestonestouse.

PartD
Whathappenstotheimageformedbythesamelensifthedistancebetweentheobjectandthefocalpointis
reduced?Assumethattheobjectremainstotheleftofthefocalpoint.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
SimplysketchtheraydiagramshowninPartBorDandfindtheimageasyoudidinPartC.Then,onthe
samediagram,drawthesameobjectatanewlocationclosertothefocalpointF.Thentracethesametwo
principalraysthatyouusedtofindtheimageinthefirstplace,anddeterminethelocationofthenewimage.
Nowcompareyourresults.NoticethatthePrayisunchangedasyoumovetheobjectalongtheaxisofthe
lens.
ANSWER:
Theimagebecomessmaller.
Theimageisunchanged.
Theimagebecomeslarger.
Theimagedisappears.

Correct
Thesituationdescribedsofaristypicalofconvexlenses.Whenevertheobjectisfartherfromthelensthan
thefocalpoint,thelenscreatesarealimagethatisinverted.Ifthedistancebetweentheobjectandthefocal
pointisreduced,thesizeoftheimageisincreased.Thisisbasicallywhathappensinacamera.Whenyou
zoomin,youareactuallymovingthelensclosertotheobject,reducingthedistancebetweentheobjectand
thefocalpointofthelens.Asaresult,thesizeoftheimageonthefilmincreases.

PartE
Nowconsiderthecaseinwhichtheobjectisbetweenthelensandthefocalpoint.TracethePray(usethelabel
P 1 forthesegmentofthePrayonthesamesideastheobjectand P 2 forthesegmentontheoppositeside)and
theMray.
Drawthevectorsfortheincidentraysstartingfromthetipoftheobject.Thelocationandorientationofthe
vectorswillbegraded.
ANSWER:

Correct
InthiscasethePandMraysdiverge.Thelensnowformsavirtualimagethatcanbefoundbyextendingthe
divergingraysbackward,asshowninthefigure.

Aconvexlenscanactasbothaconverginglensandadiverginglens.Itformsarealimagewhentheobject
islocatedatadistancefromthelensgreaterthanthedistanceofthefocalpoint,whileitformsavirtualimage
whentheobjectisbetweenthefocalpointandthelens.

Problem18.1
A5.7f ttallgirlstandsonlevelground.Thesunis30 abovethehorizon.

PartA
Howlongishershadow?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
l

= 9.9 f t

Correct

Problem18.4
Themirrorinthefiguredeflectsahorizontallaserbeamby60 .

PartA
Whatistheangle ?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:

= 30

Correct

Problem18.5
ThefigureshowsanobjectOinfrontofaplanemirror.

PartA
UseraytracingtodeterminefromwhichlocationsADtheobject'simageisvisible.
ANSWER:
A,B,D
B,D
A,B,C
B,C
C,D

Correct

Problem18.9
Anunderwaterdiverseesthesun52 abovehorizontal.

PartA
Howhighisthesunabovethehorizontoafishermaninaboatabovethediver?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:

= 35

Correct

Problem18.17
Abiologistkeepsaspecimenofhisfavoritebeetleembeddedinacubeofpolystyreneplastic.Thehaplessbug
appearstobe2.0cmwithintheplastic.

PartA
Whatisthebeetle'sactualdistancebeneaththesurface?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
d actual

= 3.2 cm

Correct

Problem18.19
Aswimmaskhasapocketofairbetweenyoureyesandtheflatglassfront.

PartA
Ifyoulookatafishwhileswimmingunderwaterwithaswimmaskon,doesthefishappearcloserorfartherthanit
reallyis?
ANSWER:
closer
farther

Correct

PartB
Doesthefishseeyourfacecloserorfartherthanitreallyis?
ANSWER:
closer
farther

Correct

Problem18.21
Anobjectis6.0

cm

infrontofaconverginglenswithafocallengthof10

cm

PartA
Useraytracingtodeterminethelocationoftheimage.
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
q

= 15 cm

Correct

PartB
Istheimageuprightorinverted?
ANSWER:
upright
inverted

Correct

PartC
Istheimagerealorvirtual?
ANSWER:
real
virtual

Correct

Problem18.23
Anobjectis15cminfrontofadiverginglenswithafocallengthof10cm.

PartA

Useraytracingtodeterminethelocationoftheimage.
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
q

= 6.0 cm

Correct

PartB
Istheimageuprightorinverted?
ANSWER:
upright
inverted

Correct

PartC
Istheimagerealorvirtual?
ANSWER:
real
virtual

Correct

Problem18.24
Aconcavecosmeticmirrorhasafocallengthof20
mirror.

cm

.A4.0cmlongmascarabrushisheldupright10

cm

fromthe

PartA
Useraytracingtodeterminethelocationofitsimage.Howfaristheimagefromthemirror?Inputpositivevalueif
theimageisonthesamesidefromthemirrorasanobjectandnegativeiftheimageisontheotherside.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:

= 20.0cm

Correct

PartB
Whatistheheightoftheimage?Useraytracingtodetermine.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
h

= 8.00cm

Correct

PartC
Istheimageuprightorinverted?Isitrealorvirtual?
ANSWER:
Inverted,real.
Upright,virual.
Upright,real.
Inverted,virtual.

Correct

Problem18.28
Aconvexmirror,likethepassengersiderearviewmirroronacar,hasafocallengthof2.2
fromthemirror.

.Anobjectis4.4

PartA
Useraytracingtodeterminethelocationofitsimage.Howfaristheimagefromthemirror?Inputpositivevalueif
theimageisonthesamesidefromthemirrorasanobjectandnegativeiftheimageisontheotherside.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
q

= 1.5m

Correct

PartB
Istheimageuprightorinverted?Isitrealorvirtual?
ANSWER:
Inverted,virtual.
Upright,real.
Inverted,real.
Upright,virtual.

Correct

Problem18.30
A4.0cmtallobjectis60

cm

infrontofaconverginglensthathasa30

cm

focallength.

PartA
Calculatetheimageposition.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
s

= 60.0cm

Correct

PartB
Calculatetheimageheight.Typeapositivevalueiftheimageisuprightandanegativevalueifitisinverted.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
h

= 4.00cm

Correct

Problem18.34
A4.0cmtallobjectis13

cm

infrontofadiverginglensthathasa20

cm

focallength.

PartA
Calculatetheimageposition.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
s

= 7.88cm

Correct

PartB
Calculatetheimageheight.Typeapositivevalueiftheimageisuprightandanegativevalueifitisinverted.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
h

= 2.42cm

Correct

Problem18.38
A3.5cmtallobjectis15

cm

infrontofaconcavemirrorthathasa25cmfocallength.

PartA
Calculatetheimageposition.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
s

= 37.5cm

Correct

PartB

Calculatetheimageheight.Typeapositivevalueiftheimageisuprightandanegativevalueifitisinverted.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
h

= 8.75cm

Correct

Problem18.40

PartA
Atwhatdistancefromaconcavemirrorwitha32
thesamedistancefromthemirrorastheobject?

cm

focallengthshouldanobjectbeplacedsothatitsimageis

Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
s

= 64.0cm

Correct

Problem18.72
Themoonis3.5 106 mindiameterand3.8 108 mfromtheearth'ssurface.
The1.1mfocallengthconcavemirrorofatelescopefocusesanimageofthemoonontoadetector.

PartA
Whatisthediameterofthemoon'simage?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
d

= 1.01cm

Correct

Problem18.76

Aslideprojectorneedstocreatea88cmhighimageofa2.0cmtallslide.Thescreenis350

PartA
Whatfocallengthdoesthelensneed?Assumethatitisathinlens.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
f

= 7.60cm

Correct

PartB
Howfarshouldyouplacethelensfromtheslide?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
s

= 7.78cm

Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis99.9%.
Youreceived20.99outofapossibletotalof21points.

cm

fromtheslide.