Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
FACULTATEA DE FIZICA
TEZA DE DOCTORAT
REZUMAT
Conducator Stiintific,
Prof.univ.dr. Victor Ciupina
Doctorand,
Petcu Adina
2010
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PROBA CdS 1
n figura 3.5 sunt prezentate micrografia TEM i nanoparticulele selectate pentru
msurtori de dimensiune. n figura 3.6 este prezentat histograma i fitarea datelor
experimentale cu o funcie de tip lognormal.
.
Fig.3.6. Distribuia diametrelor nanoparticulelor pentru proba CdS1
5
Circle
Perim.
(mm)
8.27941
9.81050
13.67902
15.11891
16.27083
Diameter
(mm)
2.63542
3.12280
4.35417
4.81250
5.17917
Experimental
dhkl
(nm)
0.33771
0.28500
0.20440
0.18494
0.17184
2
(o )
0.62779
0.74385
1.03724
1.14642
1.23377
hkl
(111)
(200)
(220)
(311)
(222)
Calculat
dhkl
(nm)
0.3359
0.2900
0.2057
0.1755
0.1670
Indexarea s-a fcut presupunnd structura cubic a CdS (SG: F43m) a=0.5406 nm.
Determinarea diametrului si a eforturilor din SAED:
hkl
(111)
(220)
(311)
(o )
0.31799
0.52271
0.60870
d d0
d0
(10-3)
-4.1679
-13.5155
-7.2869
Dsch
FWHM
(o )
0.046405
0.024560
0.027295
0.9
cos
Dsch
(nm)
4.111
7.769
6.991
n figura 3.8 este prezentat o imagine de nalt rezoluie n care apar franje de
interferen datorate difraciei pe planele (111) ale CdS. Se observ nanodomeniile care au
dimensiuni distribuite n jurul valorii de 7.28272 nm dup cum am determinat mai devreme
din analiza diametrelor nanoparticulelor. Figura 3.9 prezint spectrul EDX obinut pe prob i
pe care sunt marcate energiile specifice Cd i S. Figurile 3.10 i 3.11 prezint imaginile SEM
ale probei n ansamblu i n detaliu.
10
d(m)
0.15
0.47
0.55
0.50
0.18
0.52
0.75
0.90
TS (K)
400
475
350
400
475
350
400
400
Tev (K)
1100
1100
1100
1100
1150
1100
1200
1200
Ea (eV)
2.12
2.23
1.94
2.15
2.06
2.18
2.10
2.17
11
12
14
1 1
ln
d T
3/ 2
e 2 2mr*
A
M
cn 0 2m02
unde e este sarcina electric elementar, mr* este masa efectiv redus a perechii electron-gol,
c este viteza luminii, 0 este permitivitatea electric a videului, m0 este masa electronului liber,
2
este constanta lui Planck redus iar M este elementul de matrice al impulsului electronului
corespunztor tranziiei.
Pentru tranziiile indirecte (neglijnd formarea excitonilor) coeficientul de absorbie se
exprim:
B
h - E g 2
h
n care B este de asemenea un parametru care nu depinde de energia fotonului.
h 2 A 2 h E g
Se observ c pentru
h 2 0 ,
17
18
d(m)
0.17
0.47
0.55
0.50
0.18
0.52
0.75
0.90
TS (K)
400
475
350
400
475
350
400
400
Tev (K)
1100
1100
1100
1100
1150
1100
1200
1200
Eg (eV)
2.415
2.375
2.385
2.360
2.392
2.405
2.391
2.387
unde: d - grosimea stratului; Ts - temperatura substratului n timpul depunerii; Tev temperatura evaporatorului; Eg - lrgimea optic a benzii interzise pentru tranziii directe
permise.
19
n M M 2 ns2 2
- M
2ns
ns2 1
2ns ns2 1
Tm
2
20
21
E0 Ed
E 02 h
(ii)
n care E0 este un parametru a crui valoare este egal cu aproximativ dublul lrgimii benzii
interzise (E0 = 2Eg) iar Ed este un parametru de dispersie. Pentru determinarea lrgimii benzii
interzise prin aceast metod se reprezint grafic dependena
parametrii E0 i Ed. Se observ c pentru
1
0
n2 1
1
2
f h
n 2 1
, determinndu-se
1
2
f h
n 2 1
panta dreptei respective i din intersecia dreptei cu axa abciselor se determina E0 i Ed.
Fig.3.84. Dependena
1
2
f h
n 1
2
pentru proba de
22
24
Radius
(pixels)
125
179
207
225
242
269
304
320
342
363
380
399
d-value
()
3.5461
2.4845
2.1484
1.9815
1.8394
1.6578
1.467
1.3944
1.303
1.2287
1.1722
1.1163
Integrated
Intensity
29164
1543
13035
4026
9635
1055
1011
2353
1165
2745
1959
1173
Scaled
Intensity
10000
529
4469
1380
3303
361
346
806
399
941
671
402
Hkl
002
102
110
103
200
202
203
210/211
212
300
302
205
25
Fig.3.109. Imagine de inalt rezoluie obinute pentru proba 4 de CdSe. n colul drepta sus
este prezentat transformata Fourier a zonelor selectate din imagini care ne indic prezena
cristalitelor de CdSe hexagonal, franjele de interferen observate pot fi asociate planelor 100
(0.371 nm) i planelor 101 (0.328 nm).
26
27
29
30
d(m)
0.51
0.81
0.78
0.26
0.23
0.89
TS (K)
400
400
400
400
475
475
Tev (K)
1000
1000
1000
1000
1050
1050
Ea (eV)
0.66
0.86
0.75
0.63
0.60
0.84
31
32
CdSe10 (d=0.10m)
CdSe065 (d=0.065m)
De remarcat faptul, ca in cazul probelor de CdSe cu grosimi sub 100 nm, maximele de
interferenta sunt absente (Fig.3.124).
35
h 2 A 2 h E g
Dac se reprezint h 2 f h se obine o dependen liniar i extrapolnd pentru
36
CdSe51 (d=0.51m),
CdSe26 (d=0.26m)
37
d(m)
0.26
0.51
0.78
0.81
0.89
1.15
Tt (K)
294
294
294
294
294
294
Eg (eV)
1.65
1.69
1.71
1.72
1.74
1.76
Tabelul 5. Lrgimea optica a benzii interzise Eg (eV) pentru probele de CdSe tratate termic
Proba
CdSe81
CdSe115
Tt (K)
294
375
475
575
294
375
475
d(m)
0.81
1.15
t (min)
20
20
20
20
20
Eg (eV)
1.72
1.78
1.81
1.84
1.76
1.79
1.82
38
n M M 2 ns2 2
- M
2ns
ns2 1
2ns ns2 1
Tm
2
Fig. 3.134. Dependena indicelui de refracie funcie de lungimea de und la probele de CdSe
CdSe81 (d=0.81m),
CdSe51 (d=0.51m),
CdSe26 (d=0.26m)
Se poate observa ca straturile cu grosime mai mare au i indicele de refracie mai
mare. De asemenea, se poate afirma ca c indicele de refracie prezint o dispersie normal
[69,73,74,75].
39
n f se
E0 Ed
E 02 h
(iii)
n care E0 este un parametru a crui valoare este egal cu aproximativ dublul lrgimii benzii
interzise (E0 = 2Eg) iar Ed este un parametru de dispersie. Pentru determinarea lrgimii benzii
interzise prin aceast metod se reprezint grafic dependena
1
2
f h
n 1
2
, determinndu-se
40
1
0
n2 1
1
2
f h
n 2 1
panta dreptelor respective i din intersecia dreptei cu axa abciselor se determina E0 i Ed.
2
f h
CdSe51 (d=0.51m),
CdSe26 (d=0.26m)
Utilizand metoda unui singur oscilator s-au obinut valori pentru pentru lrgimea
benzii interzise (Eg) cuprinse intre 1.62eV si 1.76eV, valoare apropiat cu cele obinute din
dependena h f h . Se constata totodata ca, indicele de refracie prezint o dispersie
2
normal.
41
CONCLUZII
Utilizand metoda unui singur oscilator s-au obinut valori pentru lrgimea benzii
interzise, in cazul filmelor studiate, apropiate ca valoare cu cele obinute din dependena
h 2
f h .
44
45
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