The Muscular System

Presented by Amritha Somasekar, Sam Boyd, Michael

Carbonaro, Max von Blankenburg

Introduction:
Your muscles perform all of the motor functions
in your body, even pumping blood.

Function of the Muscular System:

As a whole, muscular system allows
movement in body (ex. standing up, sitting
down, pumping blood, etc.)
Most of nervous system impulses muscle
movement
Body cannot function w/o muscular system

Specific Functions: Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal muscles cover the skeleton and are attached to
the bones, tendons, and ligaments
Fully deal with the voluntary movements
Convert energy from food into ability to move
Stabilize human skeleton, give it posture, and protect
internal organs
When we think of using them, nervous system sends
impulse telling them to move

Specific Function:Cardiac Muscles

Cardiac muscles are found in the heart
Responsible for (1)forcing blood out of heart,
(2)makes sure it circulates through body,
(3)nutrients come to tissue, and (4) wastes
get taken away

Specific Function: Smooth Muscles:

Involuntary = we do not have direct control over muscle function
Smooth muscles are the involuntary ones that line internal organs
such as blood vessels and the stomach
Ex. Smooth muscles of digestive system contract and
allows digestion
Ex. Contractions of the smooth muscles of uterus allow
childbirth
Ex. Maintain blood flow in body
Can usually function with nervous stimulation

Organization of Muscles:
Although many of the
muscles in the human body
are different, they all have
the same levels of
organization.
On the right is a
pyramid I made showing
this

Properties of Muscles:
Cells = Muscle Fibers (Appearance)
Tissues = Muscle Tissues (3 Kinds)
Organs = Skeletal Muscle (Instructions)
Organ Systems = Skeletal Muscle System
(Movement/Lift)
Organisms = Human Body (Other Systems)

Skeletal Muscle Structure:

The Breakdown
skeletal muscles bundles of muscle
fibers myofibrils filaments made of actin
and myosin divided into sarcomeres,
functional units
striated muscles - muscle tissue that has
repeating sarcomeres
sarcomeres separated by z-discs
striations formed by alternating pattern of
filaments
o thick filaments made up of myosin
o thin filaments made of actin

How it Works:
Muscle contractions caused by force produced by myosin and actin
filaments
Muscles move when thin filament in fiber slide over thick filament
All the muscles in your body use oxygen and
glucose as a main source of energy. The oxygen allows the glucose to convert
to ATP, which is what fuels muscle contractions.
When oxygen is not present, glucose is
converted to lactic acid instead, which is an inefficient fuel source that causes
fatigue.
Nerve impulses from brain usually always result in
muscle movement

How it Works: Control

Neuromuscular junction -contact point between motor
neuron and skeletal muscle cell
Vesicles in the motor neuron release acetycholine, a
neurotransmitter, which produces an impulse that
causes myosin and actins to work through releasing
calcium ions that affect the needed regulatory proteins
this leads to muscle contraction
muscle cell stays contracted until acetycholine stops
producing and all other processes stopped

How it Works with Other Systems:

Muscles need glucose from the digestive system, but
they also need a constant supply of oxygen from the
respiratory and circulatory systems.
Signals are sent from the brain through the nervous
system, which tell the muscles to contract.
When they contract, they pull on your skeletal system,
which allows you to move. Your skeletal systems act as
levers that your muscles pull against.

Diseases/Disorders that affect

Muscles:
-Musculoskeletal Diseases:
Arthritis- painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.
Fibromyalgia- a chronic disorder characterized by widespread
musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized area.
-Smooth Muscle Diseases:
Asthma- disorder that causes airways to swell and narrow
Pulmonary Vascular Constrictiuon- pulmonary arteries constrict in the presence of low
oxygen levels without high carbon dioxide levels, redirecting blood flow to alveoli with a higher oxygen content

-Cardiac Muscle Diseases/Disorders:

Coranary Artery Disease- plaque buildup in areteries
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - thickening of the walls of the heart

3 Kinds of Muscle Tissues:

Skeletal Muscle (150x)

Smooth Muscle (400x)

Cardiac Muscle (500x)

Fun Facts:
600 individual Muscles in our bodys
Skeletal Muscles make up 40% of our body
weight
Most of your muscular strength is turned off
to prevent injury.
The stapedius (ear muscle) is the smallest
muscle in your body. The gluteus is largest.

Bibliography:
http://www.projectsharetexas.org/node/1048
https://prezi.com/7891p4pcbn2i/levels-of-or
gainzation-muscular-system/
http://www.newhealthguide.org/Muscular-Sy
stem.html
Prentice Hall Biology Book