1

BREVIAR TEORETIC

nts

INTEGRALE EULERIENE

(a ) = x a 1e x dx; a > 0 .

Integrala gamma:

de

stu

Proprieti:
1) (1) = 1 .
2) (a ) = (a 1)(a 1), ()a > 1 .
3) (n ) = (n 1)!, ()n N .
1
4) = .
2
1

Integrala beta: (a, b ) = x a 1 (1 x )b1 dx; a > 0, b > 0

0

for

Proprieti:
1) (a, b ) = (b, a ), a, b > 0
(a )(b )
, a, b > 0 .
2) (a, b ) =
(a + b )

2) (a, b ) =

x a 1

ly

a +b
0 (1 + x )

dx .

On

3) Dac a + b = 1 , atunci (a, b) =

sin (a )

S se calculeze urmtoarele integrale:

+

x + 1 e x 1dx .

1. I =

nts

PROBLEME REZOLVATE

stu

de

Rezolvare:
Folosim schimbarea de variabil x + 1 = t x = t 1 dx = dt .
Intervalul de integrare se modific dup cum rezult din tabelul de
mai jos:
x
1

t
0

1
Obinem: I = t 2 e t dt . Prin identificare cu formula de definiie a

integralei gamma, rezult a 1 = 1 a = 3 , prin urmare

( )= ( )=
1 1
2 2

1
2

for

I =

3
2

I = x 5 e 2 x dx .

2.

Rezolvare:
Folosim schimbarea de variabil 2 x = t x = 1 t dx = 1 dt .

0
0

ly

x
t

5! 15
1
1 5 t
1
t
Obinem: I = e t dt =
t e dt =
(6 ) =
= .

6
6
2
8
2 0
2
26
0 2

On

3. I = x 6 e x dx .

Rezolvare:
Deoarece funcia care trebuie integrat este par, rezult c
+

I = 2 x 6 e x dx .

nts

Folosim schimbarea de variabil: x 2 = t x = t dx = 12 t dt .

1
2

de

0
0

x
t

1
2

+
+ 5
1
7 5 3 1 1 15
I = 2 t 3e t 12 t 2 dt = t 2 e t dt = = =
.
2 2 2 2 2 8
0
0

stu

4. I = x ln 3 xdx .
0

Rezolvare:

for

Folosim schimbarea de variabil: ln x = t x = e t dx = e t dt

x
0
1
t

0
0

I = e 2 t 3e t dt = t 3e 2 dt
t

3t

Facem transformarea: 3t = y t = 2 y dt = 2 dy
2

ly

t
y

0
0

0
3
16
16
32
I = 23 y e y 23 dy = y 3 e y dy = (4) =
.
81
81
27

( )

On

5. I = e x dx (integrala Euler-Poisson).
2

nts

Rezolvare:

1
1
Folosim schimbarea de variabil: x 2 = t x = t 2 dx = 1 t 2 dt .

de

0
0

x
t

ln x

6.

a
1 x

dx, a > 1 .

Rezolvare:

stu

1 1
.
I = e t 12 t 2 dt = 12 t 2 e t dt = =
2 2
2
0
0

for

Folosim schimbarea de variabil: ln x = t x = e t dx = e t dt .

x

1
t
0

I = t e at e t dt = t e (a 1) t dt .
0

0
0

On

t
y

ly

Folosim schimbarea de
variabil: (a 1)t = y t = 1 y dt = 1 dy .

I=

1
(a 1)2

a 1

a 1

y
1
1
y e dy = (a 1) (2) = (a 1) .
0
2

2

7. Integrala I = e 0,5 x x +1dx are forma ke a . S se
2
1
determine valorile parametrilor reali k , a i b .

Rezolvare:

nts

2
x + 2 x +1+ 3
2
2 dx
e

= e2

dx . Folosim schimbarea de variabil:

stu

x +1

e 2

x +1

de

x 2 + 2 x 1
1 2
Avem c: I = e 2 x x +1dx = e 2 dx =

= t x = 2t 1 dx = 2dt .

1
0

I = e 2 e t
3

2dt . Folosind faptul c e t dt =

for

x
t

(integrala

2
1

2
Euler-Poisson), obinem c I = e 2
= e , prin urmare
2
2
3
1
valorile cutate ale celor trei parametri sunt: k = 1, a = , b = .
2
2

ly

3
2

On

S se calculeze urmtoarele integrale:

8.

I=

03

dx

x 2 (1 x )

3
2

Rezolvare:
1

= x 3 (1 x ) 3 dx . Prin identificare cu formula

dx

I=

nts

x 2 (1 x ) 0
de definiie a integralei beta, obinem:
a 1 = 2 a = 1 ; b 1 = 1 b = 2 , prin urmare, avnd n
03

( )

Rezolvare:

stu

9. I = x 8 1 x 3 dx .

de

vedere definiia i proprietatea 3 pentru integrala beta, rezult:

2

I = 1,2 =
=
.

3 3
3
sin

1
2
Facem schimbarea de variabil x 3 = t x = t 3 dx = 1 t 3 dt .

1
1

0
0

for

x
t

1 8
1
2
1 (3)(2) 1
I = 1 t 3 (1 t )t 3 dt = 1 t 2 (1 t )dt = 1 (3,2 ) =
= .
3
3
3

3
(
5
)
12
0
0
1

)1,5dx .

ly

10. I = 3 x 1 x 2

On

Rezolvare:
Facem schimbarea de variabil: x 2 = t x = t dx = 1 t dt .
x
t

0
0

1
2

1
2

1
3

11

t
2

13

(1 t )

3
2

)1,5 dx = 12 t
1

1
6

(1 t )

3
2

t 2 dt =
1

1 2 5
dt = , .
2 3 2

11. S se calculeze: a) I =

dx ; b) I =
6

x)

01 +

de

0 (1 +

nts

Prin urmare, I = x 1 x 2

x6

dx .

stu

Rezolvare:
a) Prin identificare cu a doua formul de definiie a integralei beta
(proprietatea 2), obinem: a 1 = 1 a = 2 ; a + b = 6 b = 4 ,
(2 ) (4 ) 1
prin urmare I = (2, 4 ) =
.
=
(6 )
20
5
1
b) Facem schimbarea de variabil x 6 = t x = t 6 dx = 1 t 6 dt .

0
0

x
t

1 t 6 1 56
t dt =

6 01 + t 6

1 1 t 3 1 1 2 1
3
= 3, 3 =
=
.

6 01 + t 6
6 sin
9
2

( )

for

I=

12. Integrala I = (sin x )1,4 (cos x ) 0,6 dx are forma k ( p, q ) ,

2

ly

unde k , p, q R; p, q > 0 . S se afle valorile paramertilor k , p, q .

On

Rezolvare:

Folosim schimbarea de variabil: sin 2 x = t 2 sin x cos xdx = dt .

x
0
2

t
0
1
Transformm funcia care trebuie integrat astfel:

12
I = (sin x) 0,4 (cos x) 1,6 2 sin x cos xdx =
20

nts

12
= (sin 2 x ) 0,2 (cos 2 x) 0,8 2 sin x cos xdx . Obinem:
20

1
1 1 0, 2
1
0,8
dt = (1,2; 0,2 ) , deci k = ; p = 1,2; q = 0,2 .
t (1 t )
2
2
20

de

I=

dx

13. S se calculeze integrala: I =

stu

4 6 ( x + 4 )(3 x )5

Rezolvare:

Integrala se poate scrie: I = (x + 4) 6 (3 x ) 6 dx .

1

On

ly

for

ncercm s facem schimbarea de variabil

x + 4 = t x = t 4 dx = dt .
x
4
3
t
0
7
Se observ c intervalul de integrare devine (0, 7 ) , prin urmare,
pentru a ajunge la intervalul (0,1) , vom folosi schimbarea de
x+4
= t x = 7t 4 dx = 7 dt .
variabil
7
x
4
3
t
1
0
1

Obinem: I = (7t ) 6 (7 7t ) 6 7dt = 7 6 7 6 7 t 6 (1 t ) 6 dt =

0

( ) ( )

= 56 , 16 = 16 , 56 =
= 2 .
sin 6

PROBLEME PROPUSE

S se calculeze valoarea urmtoarelor integrale:

243

2 5

4 x
4. x e dx R:

1
dx R: 2772

5. x x dx R: 8

9.

5 x
x e dx

R: 120

R:

13. x 2 4 x 2 dx R:
0
1

)4

15
x(ln x ) dx R:
5

On

17.

ly

19.

01 + x

dx R:

2 2

R:

3
2
8. x (1 + x ) dx R: 1

60

12.

03

1
x 2 (1 x )

14.

15. x x 2 dx R: 1
630
0

for

0 2
10. x 3x + 2 dx R: -1
x

1
1
6
11. x14 1 x 3 dx R: 6930
0

stu

( x 1)5 e x +1dx

x
e dx

6.

7.

de

3. x x

2. x 7 e x dx R: 3;

R: 80

nts

1. x 6 e 3 x dx

x4

0 (1 + x )
1
1

16.

06

dx R:

2 3
3

dx R: 1

x 5 (1 x )

dx R: 2

a
a 4
18. x 2 a 2 x 2 dx, a > 0 R:
16
0

20. ( x + 2) 5 e x + 2 dx R: 120

10

21.

0 4 x 3 (1 x )

dx R:

22. e

x2
2

(n )

n
23. e x dx; n > 0 R: 1 1

(n)

25. ( x 2) e

7 2 x

de

m xn
dx; m, n > 0 R: 1 m +1
24. x e

dx R: 2

nts

26. e

dx R: 7 !

2
/2

dx R: 2

7
28. 7 x 5 e x dx R: 7 11!

0
0

stu

27. sin 3 x cos 5 x dx R: 1

12

29. x 4 9 x 2 dx R: 729
32
3

e dx R: 2
x2
2

1
32. ln x dx R:
2
0

31.

x10

(1 + 2x 2 )3

for

30.

33.

dx R: 2

dx

3 6 ( x + 3)5 (1 x )

R: 2

( )

34. x n e x dx; n N R: 0 , dac n impar; n +1 =

2

ly

(n 1)!!

On

dac n par
1

35. (x + 1)3 e x +1dx R: -3! 36.

dx

(3 x )(x 1)

dx R:

x
dx R:
37. 1 ln 3 x(1 ln x) 4 dx R: 1 38.
6
3
280
1
+
x
x
0
1
e

22

11

a 6
4
2
2
x
a

x
dx
R:

32

40. e

x 2 + 2 x 4

dx R:

2e 3

nts

39.

x2 2
4 2

41. x 1 +
dx R:

5
2
0

2n x
dx; n N R:
42. x 5 9 x 2 dx R: 5832 43. x e
0

44. x 3 e1 x dx R: 6e

( )p 1dx; p > 0 R: ( p) 46.

1
ln x

47. e

x 2 2 x +3

e4
dx R:
2

48.

4
1

52. x 5 1 x 3
0

)4 dx R: 901 53.

On

dx R:

dx R:
54. 3
(
)
1
+
x
x
0

1
x3

01 + x

dx R:

/2

4
2
sin x cos x dx R:

1
8
3 4
2
55. x 1 x dx
3
0

(n )

332

5 ( x 1)
dx R:1
(x 1) e

16 x 2 dx R: 1280

ly

)2

for

n x
dx; n N R: 50.
49. x e

51.

0 1 + 2x3

0
0

x4

stu

45.

0
1

n +1

de

35

27

12

dx R: 3
6
01 + x

58.

x2

0 1+ x

4 2

57.

2
3
0 x 1+ x

dx R:

nts

56.

dx R:

8 2

e
60. e 2 x + x +1dx R:
2

9
8

de

(m 1)!(n 1)!
/2
59. sin 2m 1 x cos 2n 1 x dx; m, n N R: 2(m + n 1)!

x2 2
; n N*
61. 1 +

n +1

62.

stu

x2
e 3 2
2
2 x 2 + 4 x +1
e
dx
R:
63.
dx R:

4
2
4

01 + x

64. x 2 e 2 x dx R:
2

2
1

65. x 3 e1 x dx R:16
1

67.

x4

0 1 + 2x

for

5
66. x 3 1 x 2 dx R: 1

2 3

84

dx R:

3 2
128

ly

3x 2 6 x + 5
dx are forma ke a b , unde
68. Integrala I = e
1

On

k , a, b R . S se afle valorile parametrilor k , a, b .

3
, a = 8 ,b = 1 .
R: k =
6

/2

69. Integrala I = sin 2 x cos 4 x dx are forma k a unde

0

13

k , a R . S se determine valorile parametrilor k i a .

1
R: k = ; a = 1 .

nts

32

70. Integrala I = x 2,5 e 4 x dx = a(b) , unde a, b R; b > 0 . S

3

se determine valorile parametrilor a i b .

)4,8 dx = k ( p, q) , unde

de

71. Integrala J = x 3,6 1 x 3

k , p, q R; p, q > 0 . S se determine valorile parametrilor k , p, q .

2 m 1
1
(1 x) 2n 1
72. S se calculeze T = (1 + x)
dx, m > 0, n > 0 .
2 m+n

(1 + x )

On

ly

for

stu