Chemical Stability

Knowing this information about oxidation

numbers, which elements are the most

chemically stable elements?
Noble gases
- Are the most stable

elements
- They have 8 valence
electrons and dont
want to gain or lose
any electrons

Chemical Bonds
Only involve ELECTRONS
The nucleus does not matter here

Elements will not just lose or gain electrons. They

will give to another element or take from another

element
There will always be AT LEAST 2 atoms involved in
this process.
Binary Compound = Compound with ONLY 2

elements in it
NaCl, CaCl2, K2S, etc..

Properties of Bonds
Remember that when atoms bond, they form new
compounds with different properties.
The final product has different properties than
either of the initial single elements

Types of Chemical Bonds

There are 3 different ways that two (or more)

atoms can interact or BOND

3 types of bonds:
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic

Ionic Bonds

Formed when one atom gains an electron

and another atom loses an electrons.

One atom transfers their electrons to the

other atom.

Ionic Bonds

More on Ionic Bonds

Occurs between a

metal and a nonmetal.

Two oppositely

charged ions.

The product is a

neutral compound
and the oxidation #s
add to zero!
If they dont add to

zero, you did it wrong.

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Stronger bonds
High melting points
Conduct electricity when in solution or in

a molten state
Generally dissolve in water

Generally crystalline solid at room temp.

Drawing Ionic Bonds

Lets use NaCl (a metal and a nonmetal)
1st Determine the oxidation numbers
Na = 1+
Cl = 1 2nd Draw the Lewis Structure for each atom
3rd Draw the electron(s) being transferred in
the proper direction

DOUBLE CHECK:
Does each atom have
a full valence orbital?

Practice Drawing Ionic Bonds

K and Br

Mg and Cl

K and S

Types of Chemical Bonds

There are 3 different ways that two (or more)

atoms can interact or BOND

3 types of bonds:
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic

Covalent Bonds
Occur between two nonmetals.
Formed when two atoms share electrons

with one another.

Can be between two different atoms, or

between two atoms of the same element

Also called Molecular compounds
aka MOLECULE

Properties of Covalent Bonds

Weaker bonds
Low melting and boiling points
Do NOT conduct electricity when in

solution
Generally dont dissolve in water.

Generally gases or liquids at room

temperature

Drawing Covalent Bonds

Lets use HCl (2 non-metals)
1st Draw the Lewis Structure for each atom
2nd Draw the electron(s) being shared
3rd Draw each covalent bond as a line
between the two atoms

DOUBLE CHECK:
Does each atom have
a full valence orbital?

PRACTICE COVALENT BONDS

H2O
CH4
CO2

Diatomic Molecules

Formed between two atoms of the

same element covalently bonded
together. They cannot exist as lone

atoms and must bond to something.

Called Molecules
I Br Cl F O N H
BrINClHOF
Seven form a seven

How do you know which type of bond is formed?

IONIC
- Metal and Nonmetal
- Transfer Electrons

COVALENT
- Two Non Metals
- Share Electrons

Bond Types (contd)

MetallicBetween two metals

All metals want to give away electrons

because they have + oxidation numbers

Dont transfer electrons specifically

Allow electrons to flow from one atom
to another. Can pass between many
atoms.