Mid-jerm_ Test 93-224 Page 1 1, List at least three factors that can describe our impact on Environment. (3 marks) Economic Porlrnic Al : ' ENV IROMENTRL 2. Briefly define the following: (6 marke) Conservative & Non-conservative Pollutants: . ConSGevPTIVE ~ Have ‘acceprnace’ Levers (ALLOWMBLE ) ) Wow ConServATIG- ARG 1D BG TOTALLY Remove L ~ ACCEPTABLE LB@EL (5 2ER0. Eutrophication: O Buffer Solution: A SeruTIOWw WHICH RESISTS A \ AST CHANGE Im pit. Fee a Ceermm PK eance. Qo \ Potable and Palatable water: PRATABE - WATE WwiticH (5 odoue Feee, wiTt NO TROT AND 1S GOOD AS DEINKING WATER PoTwele - WATER wHICH MAY BE TURBID ANO HAVE ES(EABLE PHY sical PkopERNEs BuT HHS #B Nd TWINS HEAVY METALS Pato CAN BE USED IN Dissolved and Suspended solids: ISSOLVED - CANNOT BE KEmMoVED BY SEDIMENTATION O@ FILTRATION . (sousteey, SPENDEB- IS NOT DISSorveED AND TWWS CANE 2gmoved BY UlMtn FILTRATDN om sGLINEN TATION Volatile and Fixed Solids: ©" DING ON SE. VO NOVITILE = (5 A CoiramintwT uiticd CRN BE BueNED OF AT A TEmeEeAURE OF Go0°C Fixep ~ (XQ ConTAminan® iar eEmmNS Afr TE.Mid-term Test 93-224 Page 2 3. (a) What causes hardness in water? Write the chemical equations describing the water softening process as it relates to carbon dioxide, carbonate and non-carbonate hardness. (6 marks) . Ko: 6 Gee, yneduess 1¢- C0 Ca toe > Had v Z. 50, NO, CL (b) Calculate the hardness in mg/i as the following analysis Nat=20 mg/L; Cat*=15 mg/L; K*=10 mg/L; Mg**=10 mg/L * Given: At. Wts. O: Eq. Wis. Na- (4 marks) Assuring —— ete He, + + RHssumeé “(000L 9 cS ott 0g "9Mid-term Test 93-224 Page 3 , 4. Upon analyzing the pH of three separate water samples the results were found to be: ; e°, 0 . Sample # pH Sample #2, pl Sample #3, pk Comment on the possible presence of a significant bicarbonate, carbonate or hydroxide alkalinity in each sample and the relationships between P-Alkalinity and ‘T-Alkalinity. (6 marks) T > Treen erLkRUANiTy pect an Tht p- PHewol ALKALINITY « O A p29 9 (O T B Ph O 2? 0 c pel 1 O90 Dd reh O Bp RMP AT € aA p> Vy dp-t 2ft-#) O CJ b. ‘A water treatment plant is treating a flow of 0.5 m*/sec. Calculate the quantity of sludge in gallons/day (2ssuming 2% solids) that will be produced if the turbidity is reduced from 300 to 5 mg/L. How much of the water (% of total) is being wasted. (Given: 1L = 0.22. gallon; Sp. gravity of sludge = 1.01; 20 ing/L of additional solids as Ad(Oll), is also precipitated along with the turbidity). (5 marks) warce Fo: SUUDSE 9°Y on 3 Q= 05m /sec- 5 — (outos)* goong/t - Hzo WAsT&O Zo! = plo é IL= O22 Goll. Zh Soups Sev = |.DLx (N= OUT (i LU mfp OF Sais Iw Seudee Lom /e AACats ; Lacny/e FHOS in LG Cth 0.5 mie = 500 Yorn x 300 mo = [$0000 "IY sec. Z, ZMid-term Test 93-224 Page 4 \ 6 (a) Derive an expression for the “overflow rate" using an ideal rectangular horizontal flow, sedimentation tank during ‘Type I settling. Identify all "zones" in the tank and list the assumptions. (8 marks) 7 [ier | [ue 1s con sive (b) What is tie settling velocity of a sand particle of 0.01 mm diameter in a sedimentation tank. (Sp.gr. = 2.65 and p = 1 x 1073 kg/ms and Pyatee = 1000 kg/m’), mm (6-1 d= 0.0lma | Uy = Ste 42 = 0.00001 m (3 marks) a U; = (2es0~ 1200) (481)(9.000017) ' t [8(ixto™) i = 1650 gay iy? io?om Mid-term Test 93-224 Page 5 day (©) Calculate the overflow rate for an ideal horizontal flow settling tank with a surface area of 1000 m? and a flow rate of 17,000 m° a. Determine the percentage removal of each group of particles that have settling velocities of 0.1 mm/sec, 0.2 mm/sec and 1 mm/sec. (6 marks) Yon? ¥ [dog f= Osh monies A= (000m* ae gia, A= (7,000 mi/day ye es g a . E01 obs Nason \ Y a f= 1000 QO BL4 wd - 000% Z P re a , , Does OER VaR IT ag EO Vie (128 day t Compare Slow Sand Filters and Rapid Sand Filters with respect to Tate of filtration, length of run, penetration of suspended matter, preparatory tr and imetiods of cleaning. (5 marks) oo 9D Stow Sano FiLTees RAPID SAND FicTees 1 BE Row Fe, neuron Boday loan onLy Run Foe VIdey Beroes Hor BEING CLERNED Geiss -CLEaweD : ( Stow kere OF fiLTiCHnon|-VELY Fasc. - F ener ¥ Fase CATE OF FILTH ATO ‘ENDED mATIER Potsn' tT ‘Tearé Feteniwe THAW TOP Most Laver OF D ~PENETRATES VERY DEED Inq Tite Sty | BECAUSE oF THE A toes ORCG WATERS Engr Flow ang 6 SUSPENOGO MATTER HAS cCLes THAT ALE w& BNoveH THees 15 € NED Put PLE mer 7 6 ONLY TOP mos7 (s poery Conveyges BUCKETS Wile BE T scare ore qué wen - BecAusE oF THE PoRCE Prow (Fas THE WATER pepe USMY e¢ Pee TREATED -2@ (conguitinon Fevacucerion 1D MAKE THE SUSPENDED SoLOS “ Lieee enoucu 50 THey Dow! t sue Ttrouctt Pte FiLTER « ; ~ Since Deep PCWETEATION occurs. FAND MOST BE Bae WASHED THEA AVE. FianomE, Mid-term. Test 93-224 Page 6 g(a) A wastewater treatment plant discharges treated eflluent into river. 210 m/sec, and the treatment plant ‘The flow in the river is discharge is 12.5 m°/sec, If the maximum acceptable limit for the Gollutant phosphorug (P) in the dows river ig 1 me/la end the what is the Poptream background concentration of pt is 0 mg/l, er nehat can be discharged from the maximum concentration of treatment plant? (4 marks) punt _7 G ro, om ' 2s(l) = (2s (0.4) + 210 ($e conc. OF P DiscHARCED as- 5 vol] MAK. ple 0.036 must BE 0.036™) Lo, g/L - (b) If for the above (a) situation, only Phosphorus into the treatment plant ani the treatment plant is 60%, neglecting volumes removed from flows (like sludges) what is the maximum, ‘concentration of P, in mg/L, cin be discharged by the factory. ‘The flow out of the factory is a ae m/s. 7 me Ameane . . A . (PeJ = 0.4L Pe 3 ae [Pe = A) Qp= 210m? lsec