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Lipid layer 1
Proteins
Lipid layer 2
Membrane structure
Membrane structure
freeze fracture
proteins intact,
one layer or other
two layers look different
Membrane structure
Experiment to determine membrane fluidity:
Membrane structure
Membrane fluidity
phospholipid f.a. tails: saturation affects fluidity
cholesterol buffers
temperature changes
Membrane structure
fluid mosaic model 1970s
fluid phospholipids move around
Membrane structure
cell membrane amphipathic - hydrophilic & hydrophobic
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
membrane proteins inserted, also amphipathic
Membrane Proteins
Membrane proteins:
Integral: inserted in membrane
- transmembrane span
membrane
Membrane structure
Two transmembrane proteins: different structure
Membrane Proteins
Movement of molecules
Movement of molecules
Cell membranes only allow some molecules across w/out help:
B. Active transport
C. Bulk transport
Energy Required?
Directionality?
molecules
equally distribute
across available
area by type
- non-polar molecules
(steroids, O2, CO2)
equal solutes in
solution as in cell
more solutes in
solution, than in cell
- hypotonic fewer
solutes in solution
- isotonic equal
solutes in solution
animal cell
- hypertonic more
solutes in solution
plant cell