Science Test Study Sheet

By: Angel Yang and James Wong 603

General Facts about Earth

The Earth is not a complete sphere, it has slightly flattened on top and
bottom surfaces. The Earth rotation causes the polar region to flatten and the
equatorial region to bulge. The formal name is the oblate spheroid.
Earths circumference from pole to pole is 40,007 kilometers while the
circumference at the equator is 40,074 kilometers.
Earth is the third planet away from the sun.
Earth was formed about 4.6 million years ago.
Earth is made mostly of rock and 71% is covered by the global ocean.
The distance between the highest and lowest points of Earth are
considered small compared to the size of the planet.
The distance from the tallest mountain and the deepest ocean trench is
about 20 kilometers.

Facts about the Layers

The Earth is made up of 3 major layers which are the Core, Mantle, and
Crust. But there are 5 total layers; the
inner core, outer core, inner mantle, outer
mantle, and the crust.
The core is the innermost layer and
is most dense. It contains iron, nickel,
sulfur, and oxygen. The inner core is solid
because of the pressure and the outer core
is liquid. It also makes up of 33% of Earths
total mass. The diameter of the core is a bit
larger than the diameter of Mars.
The mantle is the middle layer of the
Earth. It is made up of extremely hot liquid
magma. The mantle makes up 67% of
Earths total mass. It is also split into two
sections, the mesosphere and the
asthenosphere. The mesosphere is the
larger section and is more liquidy. The
asthenosphere is the smaller section and
is more solid. It is closest to the crust, too.