22.

What is the technical term used for the sag in pipe caused by gravity and how does affect
piping design?
Deflection
It govern the amount of pipe span
<causes leakage at flanges>
<causes stress on pipe>
23. If one 4 carbon steel pipe is schedule 40 and another 4 carbon steel pipe is schedule 80.
Which has the greater sag and why?
4" sch 40 has the greater sag because its wall thickness is less than the wall thickness of the
sch 80 - the thinner the wall, the shorter the length the line will span.
Which weighs more and why?
4" sch 80 because it's wall thickness is more than that of the sch 40, more material= more
weight
Which requires fewer support point and why?
4" sch 80 because it's thicker wall allows it to span farther, reducing the number of times
support is needed.
<more rigid / stiffer>
24. Pipeway/Piperack loading/stuffing drawings.
Which lines qualify for loading/stuffing
Lines 3" and larger that cross two or more pipe supports.
Why is loading/stuffing done (the advantages)?
It provides an early start for construction.
It reduces the amount of ground area taken by storage of pipe
25. Line size changes
When is swage used for a line size change?

When reducing from or to socket welded or threaded construction on at least one end.
When is a butt-weld reducer used for a line size change?
When reducing from or to butt welded construction on both ends.
When/where do you use eccentric, bottom flat swages or reducers and why?
In any horizontal run of pipe, that has two or more supports within that run.
To maintain a common bottom of pipe elevation for the two line sizes.