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REZUMAT
ISTORIC
Muli pacieni cu stenoz aortic sever i alte boli asociate nu ndeplinesc criteriile necesare
pentru nlocuirea chirurgical a valvei aortice. Recent, implantarea percutan a unei
bioproteze aortice (TAVI-transcatheter aortic valve implantation) a fost sugerat drept un
tratament mai puin invaziv, la pacienii cu risc chirurgical major.
METODE
Pacienii cu stenoz aortic sever, pe care chirurgii i-au considerat ineligibili pentru
intervenie chirurgical, au fost distribuii aleator n grupul care a primit terapia standard
(incluznd valvuloplastia aortic cu balon) i n grupul cruia i s-a efectuat implantarea
transfemural a unui stent special care conine o valv biologic (pericard bovin).
REZULTATE
INTRODUCERE
aortic
sever,
incluznd
o
cohort
prespecificat de pacieni care nu au fost
considerai
eligibili
pentru
intervenia
chirurgical. n acest articol, sunt raportate
rezultatele tratamentului cu TAVI comparativ cu
terapia standard, la pacienii din studiul
PARTENER care nu au fost eligibili pentru
tratamentul chirurgical.
METODE
SELECTAREA PACIENILOR
ENDPOINT-URILE STUDIULUI
REZULTATE
PARTICIPANI
Caracteristica
Vrsta-ani
Sex masculin-nr.%
Scorul STS
Logistic EuroSCORE
Clasa NYHA-nr. (%)
II
III sau IV
Boal arterial coronarian-nr. (%)
Infarct miocardic n antecedente- nr./nr. total (%)
Intervenii anterioare- nr./nr. total (%)
By-pass aorto-coronarian (CABG)
Angioplastia coronarian percutan (PCI)
Valvulopastie aortic cu balon
Boal vascular cerebral- nr./nr. total (%)
Boal vascular periferic- nr./nr. total (%)
BPOC-nr. (%)
De orice tip
Oxigen-dependent
Creatinina>2mg/dl (177 mol/L)- nr./nr. total (%)
Fibrilaie atrial- nr./nr. total (%)
Pacemaker permanent- nr./nr. total (%)
Hipertensiune pulmonar- nr./nr. total (%)
Debiliti- nr./nr. total (%)
Calcificri aortice extinse- nr. (%)
Efecte adverse ale iradierii toracice-nr. (%)
Deformri ale peretelui toracic- nr. (%)
Boli hepatice- nr./nr. total (%)
Msurtori ecocardiografice
Suprafaa valvei aortice- cm2
Gradientul transvalvular mediu- mmHg
FEVS medie- %
Regurgitare mitral moderat sau sever- nr./nr. total (%)
TAVI
Terapie standard
Valoarea lui
P
(N=179)
83.18.6
82 (45.8)
11.25.8
26.417.2
(N=179)
83.28.3
84 (46.9)
12.16.1
30.419.1
14 (7.8)
165 (92.2)
121 (67.6)
33/177 (18.6)
11 (6.1)
168 (93.9)
133 (74.3)
47/178 (26.4)
0.20
0.10
58/155 (37.4)
47/154 (30.5)
25/154 (16.2)
48/175 (27.4)
54/178 (30.3)
73/160 (45.6)
39/157 (24.8)
39/160 (24.4)
46/167 (27.5)
45/179 (25.1)
0.17
0.31
0.09
1.00
0.29
74 (41.3)
38 (21.2)
10/178 (5.6)
28/85 (32.9)
35/153 (22.9)
50/118 (42.4)
21/116 (18.1)
34 (19.0)
16 (8.9)
15 (8.4)
6/177 (3.4)
94 (52.5)
46 (25.7)
17/178 (9.6)
39/80 (48.8)
31/159 (19.5)
53/121 (43.8)
33/118 (28.0)
20 (11.2)
15 (8.4)
9 (5.0)
6/178 (3.4)
0.04
0.38
0.23
0.04
0.49
0.90
0.09
0.05
1.00
0.29
1.00
0.60.2
44.515.7
53.913.1
38/171 (22.2)
0.60.2
43.015.3
51.114.3
38/165 (23.0)
0.97
0.39
0.06
0.90
0.95
0.92
0.14
0.04
0.68
* valorile plus-minus sunt medii abatere standard. CABG semnific by-pass aorto-coronarian, BPOC boal pulmonar cronic obstructiv, FEVS
fracia de ejecie a ventriculului stng, NYHA New York Heart Association, PCI angioplastie coronarian percutan i TAVI implantarea percutan a
unei valve aortice
scorul Societii Chirurgilor Toracici (STS) msoar riscul la momentul chirurgii cardiovasculare pe o scar de la 0% la 100%, numere mai mari
indicnd risc mai mare. Un scor STS mai mare de 10% indic un risc chirurgical major.
Sistemul European logistic pentru Evaluarea Riscului Cardiac Operativ (EuroSCORE), care msoar riscul pacien ilor la momentul interven iei
chirurgicale cardiace, este calculat cu ajutorul unei ecua ii de regresie logistic. Scorurile variaz de la 0% la 100%, scorurile mai mari indicnd risc
mai mare. Un EuroSCORE logistic mai mare de 20% indic risc chirurgical major.
Debilitatea/fragilitatea a fost determinat de chirurgi pe baza unor criterii predefinite.
Regurgitarea mitral moderat sau sever a fost definit drept regurgitare de grad 3 sau mai mare.
La 30 de zile
La un an
Terapie
standard
(N=179)
Terapie
standard
(N=179)
TAVI
(N=179)
Valoarea
lui P
Valoarea
lui P
TAVI
(N=179)
9 (5.0)
8 (4.5)
10 (5.6)
5 (2.8)
3 (1.7)
18 (10.1)
0.41
0.22
0.17
55 (30.7)
35 (19.6)
40 (22.3)
89 (49.7)
75 (41.9)
79 (44.1)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
19 (10.6)
22 (12.3)
0.74
76 (42.5)
126 (70.4)
<0.001
12 (6.7)
0
3 (1.7)
0
0.03
-
19 (10.6)
1 (0.6)
8 (4.5)
0
0.04
1.00
3 (1.7)
9 (5.0)
15 (8.4)
1 (0.6)
2 (1.1)
7 (3.9)
0.62
0.06
0.12
4 (2.2)
14 (7.8)
59 (33.0)
1 (0.6)
7 (3.9)
90 (50.3)
0.37
0.18
0.001
0
0
0
0
1 (0.6)
0
1 (0.6)
0
1.00
-
55 (30.7)
29 (16.2)
9 (5.0)
2 (1.1)
<0.001
<0.001
58 (32.4)
30 (16.8)
13 (7.3)
4 (2.2)
<0.001
<0.001
1 (0.6)
1.00
2 (1.1)
5 (2.8)
0.45
Hemodializ
Sngerare major
Reintervenie cardiac
Valvuloplastie aortic cu balon
Repetarea TAVI
nlocuirea valvei aortice
Endocardit
Fibrilaie atrial nou aprut
Pacemaker nou instalat
2 (1.1)
30 (16.8)
3 (1.7)
7 (3.9)
1.00
<0.001
3 (1.7)
40 (22.3)
6 (3.4)
20 (11.2)
0.50
0.007
1 (0.6)**
3 (1.7)
0
0
1 (0.6)
6 (3.4)
2 (1.1)
NA
3 (1.7)
0
2 (1.1)
9 (5.0)
1.00
0.25
1.00
0.60
1 (0.6)
3 (1.7)
2 (1.1)**
2 (1.1)
1 (0.6)
8 (4.5)
66 (36.9)
NA
17 (9.5)
1 (0.6)
3 (1.7)
14 (7.8)
<0.001
<0.001
0.31
0.62
0.27
Figura 1. Curbele reprezentnd timpul pn la eveniment pentru endpoint-ul primar i alte endpoint-uri alese.
Ratele evenimentelor au fost calculate cu ajutorul metodelor Kaplan-Meier i comparate cu ajutorul testului log-rank. Decesele de
cauz necunoscut au fost considerate decese de cauz cardiovascular.
11
Valoarea lui P
pentru
interaciune
TAVI
nr. de evenimente/nr.total(%)
55/179 (30.7) 89/179 (49.7)
NNT
0.62 (0.47-0.81)
28/96 (29.2)
27/83 (32.5)
46/90 (51.1)
43/89 (48.3)
0.57 (0.390.83)
0.67 (0.460.96)
5
6
30/97 (30.9)
25/82 (30.5)
46/95 (48.4)
43/84 (51.2)
0.64 (0.440.92)
0.60 (0.400.88)
6
5
32/83 (38.6)
23/96 (24.0)
46/87 (52.9)
43/92 (46.7)
0.73 (0.521.02)
0.51 (0.340.78)
7
4
22/93 (23.7)
33/86 (38.4)
32/76 (42.1)
56/102 (54.9)
0.56 (0.360.88)
0.70 (0.510.96)
5
6
0.54
0.80
0.20
0.44
0.55
30/82 (36.6)
24/91 (26.4)
58/95 (61.1)
28/77 (36.4)
0.60 (0.430.83)
0.73 (0.461.14)
4
10
18/69 (26.1)
29/82 (35.4)
30/66 (45.5)
42/85 (49.4)
0.57 (0.360.92)
0.72 (0.501.03)
5
7
0.47
0.9
43/133 (32.3)
9/38 (23.7)
59/127 (46.5)
23/38 (60.5)
0.70 (0.510.95)
0.39 (0.210.73)
7
3
41/141 (29.1)
14/38 (36.8)
64/133 (48.1)
25/46 (54.3)
0.60 (0.440.83)
0.68 (0.411.11)
5
6
20/72 (27.8)
23/84 (27.4)
32/68 (47.1)
50/92 (54.3)
0.59 (0.380.93)
0.50 (0.340.75)
5
4
35/124 (28.2)
20/54 (37.0)
70/134 (52.2)
19/45 (42.2)
0.54 (0.390.75)
0.88 (0.541.43)
4
19
0.70
0.60
0.10
13
14
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