DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech adalah kutipan dari suatu pembicaraan tanpa adanya perubahan.
Example :
She yelled at me : dont leave the door open !
My mother says to my sister : brush your teeth !
Indirect speech adalah bentuk kalimat laporan untuk menceritakan kembali pembicaraan / pendapat
seseorang yang mengalami modifikasi tertentu.
Ada tiga bentuk indirect speech :
1. Imperative command/ request.
2. Declarative ( statement )
3. Interrogative ( question )
Explanation :
1. Imperative command/ request.
Yang dilaporkan suatu perintah , verb dalam indirect menjadi to infinitive.
Positive Imperative
Example :
Direct
Indirect
He said, Go away !
he told me to go away
He ordered her to go away.
Come here ! she said
She asked him to come there
.
She commanded them to come there.
I said, Be quite!
I beggad us to be quite.
I suggested the children to be quite.
He beggad , be happy !
He warned to be happy.
Negative imperative
Example :
Direct
He said, Dont go away!
Dont come here ! she said
I said Dont be noisy !
He beggad , dont be lazy!

Indirect
he told me not to go away.
she asked him not to come there.
I beggad you not to be noisy.
he warned us not to be lazy.

2.Declarative ( statement )
Kalimat ini akan banyak mengalami perubahan.
- Jika menggunakan Pronoun dan possessive adjective.

Direct
Perubahan Indirect
I
He / she
you
Me/ he/ she/ them / I / him / her
My
His / her
Our
Their / our
Your
My / his / her
Example :
Direct
Indirect
Anto: I will go now
Anto said that he would go then
Rani : They love me
Rani told that they loved her.

I ve been writing Prabu answered.

Prabu answered that he had been writing
- Jika menggunakan keterangan waktu dan tempat.
Direct
Perubahan indirect
Now
Then
Today
That day
Tomorrow
The next day, the day after, The following day, a day later.
Next
The after, the following.
Last
The .. before, the previous., the preceeding .
.. ago
.. before , .. earlier
Yesterday
The day before , the previous day , the preceeding day.
the day before yesterday
two days before
Here
there
This
That
these
those

3.Menggunakan Tenses
Direct
Perubahan indirect
Present simple ( S + V1 + 0 )
Past simple ( S + V2 + O )
Present continuous ( S + is, am , are + Ving)
past continuous ( S + was, were + Ving )
Present perfect ( S + has/ have + V3 )
Past perfect ( S+ had + V3 )
Present perfect continuous ( S + has/ have+
past perfect continuous ( S + had + been + Ving )
been + Ving )
Future simple ( S + will/shall+ V1 )
Past future ( S + would/ should + V1 )
Future continuous ( S + will + be + Ving )
Past future continuous ( S+ would + be + Ving )
Future perfect ( S + will + have + V3 )
Past future perfect ( S + would + have + V3)
Future perfect continuous ( S + will + have +
Past future perfect continuous ( S + would + have +
been + Ving )
been + Ving )
Past simple ( S + V2 + O )
Past perfect ( S + had + V3 )
Past continuous ( S + was , were + Ving )
Past perfect continuous ( S + had + been + Ving )
Past perfect ( S + had + V3 + O )
Past perfect ( S + had + V3 + O )
Pemahaman tenses paling mudah :
1.Verb1 berubah menjadi Verb 2
ought to
2. Verb 2 berubah menjadi had verb3
could
3. is / am berubah menjadi was
might +V1/ be berubah menjadi have + V3/been
4. are berubah menjadi were
should
5. have / has berubah menjadi had
would
6. do / does berubah menjadi did
7. did berubah menjadi had verb 3
8. Can berubah menjadi could
9. May berubah menjadi had to
10. shall berubah menjadi should
11. will berubah menjadi would
4. Interrogative (Question)
- jika kalimatnya berawalan auxiliary :
do, does, are, can,may, etc.
Ex:Doctor : Do you usually take a nap ?
desy : are you a student ?

Doctor asks if/whether I usually take a nap. Desy asked if/ whether I was a student
- Jika kalimatnya menggunakan question word:
How, why, where, what, who, whom, which etc.
Ex : andi: How do you spell your name ?
lia : where can you keep your money safely ?
Andi asked how I spelt my name
lia asked me where I could keep my money safely

Complete the sentences into direct and indirect speech :

1. He said, I like this song. He said ........................

2. Where is your sister? she asked me. She asked me ..................
3. I dont speak Italian, she said .................................
4. Say hello to Jim, they said. They asked me ............................
5. The film began at seven oclock , he said.
He said ........................
6. Dont play on the grass, boys, she said.
She told the boys ..........................
7. Where have spent your money ? she asked him.
She asked him ...............................
8. I never make mistakes, he said.
He said ................................
9. Does she know Robert ? He wanted to know . He wanted to know ................................
10 Dont try this at home . The stuntman told the audience.The stuntman told the audience...

13.

1. Dont make noise children, she said. She told..

12. Ive been writing letters, Seanu answered. Seanu answered.
Prabu said to me , Do you close the windows at night ? prabu asked .
14. Go away and dont come here anymore , he ordered me.........................................
15. Ive been working here for ten years, fini told. Fini told that..
16. My friend said to me: Can I find you a hotel? my friend asked me whether..
17. My father said : Dont waste your money on cigarettes . my father advised..
18. Setiawan told me , I will return your bicycle as soon as I come home today . he told me that

19. Sandhy : saskia , are you going to let me go without you ? . sandhy asked saskia if
.
20. The foreman said : finish your task and do it well . the foreman ordered me to..
21. Do you love me ? Rina asked me .Rina asked me .
22. Will you tell me that you need me ? Pasha asked may. Pasha asked may..
23. Nunik asked me : Why do you want me to tell it to him ? nunik asked me..
24. Sony asked the students: How can you do it in a short time ?.sony asked them.
25. What is your name ? the stranger asked me. The stranger asked me..