Cable and Arches

: ( 40181 666 ie SLNO: OT4 ~ CED: Talemal Cisrculation ont] ° O50 0: oy =n, © 2 QO 3 Design Aids For Reinforced Concrete 0°; to IS : 456-1978 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS , BABADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG, NEW DLEHI 110 002CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES IN THE EXPLANATORY TEXT LIST OF CHARTS LIST OF TABLES CONVERSION FACTORS ~ 1. MATERIAL STRENGTH AND STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS 1d Grades of Concrete - 1.2 Types and Grades of Reinforcement 13. Stress-strain Relationship for Concrete 14 Stress-strain Relationship for Steel 2, FLEXURAL MEMBERS 21 Assumptions 22 Maximum Depth of Neutral Axis 23. Rectangular Sections 23.41 Under-Reinforced Sections 232 Doubly Reinforced Sections 24 T-Settions 25 Control of Deflection 3. COMPRESSION MEMBERS 3.1 Axially Loaded Compression Members 3.2 Combined Axial Load and Uniaxial Bendiog 3.21 Assumptions 322. Stress Block Parameters when the Neutral Axis Lies ‘Outside the Section 3.23 Construction of Interaction Diagram 33 Compression Members Subject to Biaxial Bending 34 Slender Compression Members 4, SHEAR AND TORSION 4a 42 Nominal Shear Stress 43° Shear Reinforcement 44° Torsion . ot 101»COCO O20 Oo ¢ 5. DEVELOPMENT LENGTH AND ANCHORAGE 5.1 Development Lengti of Bars 5.2 Anchorage Value of Hooks and Bends 6 WORKING STRESS DESIGN 6.1 Flexural Members 6.1.1 Balanced Section 6.1.2 Under-Reinforced Section 613 Doubly Reinforced Section 62 Compression Members 63 Shear and Torsion 64 — Development Length and Anchorage 7. DEFLECTION CALCULATION 7A Biffective Moment of Inertia 712 Shrinkage and Creep Deflections Page 183 . 183 wn 189 wn 189 189 189 190 190 wt 191 a 2B 213 213 LIST OF TABLES IN THE EXPLANATORY TEXT Table ‘A ‘Silint Points on the Design Stress Strain Curve for Cald Worked B Values of eM for Different Grades of Steel ws = 6 os ar) C Limiting Moment of Resistance and Reinforcement Index for Singly Reinforced Rectangular Sections D Limiting Moment of Resistance Factor Mosia/bd®, Nim? for Singly Reinforced Rectangular Sections E M Reinforced Rectangular Sections F Stress in Compression Reinforcement, fe Nimm* ia Das Reinforced Beams with Cold Worked Bars G__ Multiplying Factors for Use with Charts 19 and 20 HL Stress Block Parameters When the Neutral Axis Lies Outsid the Section I Additional Eecentrcity for Slender Compression Members .. 3 Maximum Shear Stress tou K Moment of Resistance Factor Rectangular Section M[bd®, Nimmm® os we 10 a 10 am Percentage of Tensile Reinforcement Potig for Singly, 10 se 101 106 175 for Balanced a we 189 L_ Percentage of Tensile Reinforcement puta for Singly Reinforced Balanced Section M Values of the Ratio Au/Aus a vn 189 13, 16§ i a 2B a O*" Vv ( 0 \ oO aes : o & LIST OF CHARTS © Page « FLEXURE —Singly Reinforced Section Q foc 15 N/mm’, f,= 250 Nimmt d= $ to 30 om 7 oO fan IS N/mm’, f= 250 Nimmt d= 30 to $5 om 1B O faol5 Nimmt, f,=250 Nimm' d= 55 to 80 em » o f= 15 Nimm', fy = 415 Nimm* d= 5to 30cm 2 & fao15 Nim’, f= 415 Nimmt d= 30 to 55 om 2 a fm 15 Nimm’, fy 415 Nim? d= 55 to 80 cm 23 OG? f= 15 Nimm*, fy= 500 Nim? de 5 to 30 om 25 oO far 15 Nimm®, f= 500 N/mm? dw 30 t0 55 om 26 « f= 15 Nin, f= 500 Ninmt d= $510 %em oO fc=20 Nimm', f= 250 Nim d= 5 to em a foe= 20 Nimmt, f, = 250 Nimm? d= 30 to 55 cm QQ ‘fe =20 Nimm', fy = 250 Nimm* d= 55 to 80 em : fxm 20 Nimm', fy= 415 Nimat d= 5 to 30 om Q% fc=20 Nam’, fy= 415 Nmmt d= 30 to 55 om G Sem 20 Nimm', f= 415 Nimm* d= 55 to 80 em Oo fc=20 Nam, f, = 500 Nim? = d= 510 30cm f= 20 N/mm’, f= 500 Nimm* d= 30 to 55 om O fax 20 Nimmt, fy = 500 Nimmt d= 55 to 80- cin FLEXURE — Doubly Reinforced Section e oO fy= 250 Nimam', d-d’ = 20 to $0.em y= 250 Nimmt, ded’ = $0 to 80 cm CONTROL OF DEFLECTION ay Sym 250 Nimm* f= lS Nim? f= 500 Nout AXIAL COMPRESSION f= 250 Nm fe 45 Njimea? Sy = 500 N/mm* . 10 ay _ 1 7Chart No. Py 2B 31 2 3 4 35 31 38 st 2 3 55 56 31 58 9 61 e2 8 65 xii COMPRESSION W'TH BENDING — Rectangular Section — Reinforcement Distributed Equally on Two Sides Sy = 250 Nfmm® f= 250 Nim? ‘fy = 250 Nam? f= 250 Nimo? f= 415 Nim? fy = AIS Nima? fe AUS Nim? ‘fy = AIS Naot y= 500 Nim? ‘f= 500 Nimmt = 500 Nimm* fy = 500 Ninn? a) = 005 os aD = 010 : aD = 015 : aD =020 7 dD = 005 7 aD = 010 . aD = 015 ap =020 os a'iD =005 a aD = 010 ~ dD = 015 a aD =020 7 COMPRESSION WITH BENDING — Rectangular Section — Reinforcement Distributed Equally on Four Sides fy = 250 Njonm* fy 250 Nim? Sy = 250 Nim? y= 250 Nim? f= 415 Njromt fy 2415 Nim? y= 415 N/mm y= AIS Nim fy = 500 N/mm? fy 500 Nirom* ‘f= 500 Nimm? fy = 500 Njin® COMPRESSION WITH y= 250 Nimmt fy 290 Nine’ ym 250 Nf fy= 250 N/m? Sy AIS Nien? y= 415 Niet f= 415 Nim? f= 415 Nim? f= 500 Njmmt fp= 500 Nira? fy 500 N/m? fo 50 Nim? 1D = 005 1D = 010 on aD w= 01S i aD =020 ‘ aD = 005 aD = 010 aD = 045 a'1D =020 : aD = 005 au jp =010 apd = 045 aD = 020 BENDING — Circular Section ad'[D = 005 dD = 010 aD = 045 : aD = 020 7 aD = 005 AID = 040 dD = 015 : aD = 020 dD = 005 dD = 040 aD = 015 dD =020 Values of Per for Compression Members, Biaxial Bending in Compression Members Slender Compression Members — Multiplying Factor k for ... ‘Additional Moments Page m2 13 rT) us 16 ur ug 19 120 121 m 123 124 125 126 7 128 129 130 131 132 13 134 135 136 BT 138 139 140 iat 2 143 a 145 M6 ur 148 149 150Oo a Chart No. Page ‘TENSION WITH BENDING — Rectangular Section — ~ Reinforcement Distributed Equally on Two Sides © 66 fy 250 Nimmt 41D = 045 and 02... ASL 7a) a Sy— 250 N/mm" @'[D = 0-05 and 0-10 152 eB Sy~ AMS Nfom* aD = 005 183 % \ 8 fn 4l5. Nim 21D = 010 154 oO 1 0 Spm 45 Nim d@/D =01S 15SS QO To fy AS Nim? aD = 020 156 GO 12 fy 900 N/mm* aD = 005 1357 Q TB fy 900 Nimmt aD 010 158 14 fy 500 Num? aD = O15 159) G 75 fy 500 N/mm* dD = 020 ww 10 : i TENSION WITH BENDING — Rectangular Section — Reinforcement Distributed Equally on Four Sides 16 fy250 Nfmmt aD = 005 and 010... 16 7 7 fy = 20 N/mm* @'/D = 0-15 and 0-20 162 B Sp= 45 Nfom* @'/D = 005 163 Dp S,= 45 Nimm* dD = 010 164 80 fy AS Nim d@'/D = O15 165 81 f= 415 Nimat dD = 020 166 82 f= 500 Nimmt YD = 005 167 3 fy 500 Nimm* aD = 0-10 168 f= 500 Ninn aD = 015 10 ps 85 f= 500 Ninmt 1D 020 170 Vv I 86 Axial Compression (Working Stress Design) oe = 130 N/mm*... 193 87 Axial Compression (Working Stress Design) og = 190 N/mm' ... 194 pat 88 Moment of Inertia of T-Beams 215 9 9 Effective Moment of Inertia for Calcalating Deflection 216 Py 90 Percentage, Area and Spacing of Bars in Slabs 217 a “HL —_—_“Effective Length of Columns — Frame Restrained Against Sway... 218 Cy ' 92 fective Length of Columns — Frame Without Restraint to Sway 219 ae e aii ‘2 GC Oo i Oo 8 LIST OF TABLES cf Table 6 No. Poge oO FLEXURE — Reinforcement Percentage, ps for Singly Reinforced Sections , 9% 1 fan 15 Neamt a C3 2 fe 20 Nimm* 4B a 3 fg 25.N/mm* 0 5. 4 f= 30 Nimmt 2 3 oO FLEXURE — Momeat of Resistance of Slabs, kN.m Per Metre Width- 8 fao15 Nim? fj 250 N/mm? Thickness = 100 cm 5 6 frm 15 Nimm? fy = 250 Nimm* Thickness = 11:0 em 7 feo 1S N/mm? f,= 250 Nimm* Thickness = 12-0 om 8 fam 15 Nimm* fy — 250 Njmm® Thickness 13-0 em 9 fam 15 Nim. fy = 250 Nimm* Thickness = 14°0 om 10 f= 15 Nimm? f, = 250 Nimm* Thickness = 150 om 1 fume lS Nimm? f= 250 Nfmm* Thickness = 175 om 12 fame 15 Nim? y= 250 Nimm* Thickness = 200 cm 13, fg 15 Nimm* fy — 250 Nima? Thickness = 225 em 14 f= 15 N/mm? f, = 250 N/mm* Thickness = 250 cm GO 15 fore 45 Nmm* fy == 415 Nimm* Thickness = 100 cm : 16 f= 15 Nimm* y= 415 Nimm* Thickness = 11-0 em ' Oo 17 fg IS Nimm* f= 415 Nm? Thickness = 120 em 18 faa 15 N/mm? fy =415 Njmm* Thickness = 13-0 cm 19 fe = 15 Nimm* f,= 415 Nimm* Theikness = 140 om 20 fae 15 N/mm? fy = 415 N/mm* Thickness = 150 em A faa 1S N/mm? f,—415 N/mm? Thickness = 175 cm ~, 22 faa 15 N/mm* fy = 415 N/mm? Thickness = 20-0 cm O 23 fas 1S N/mm? f,= 415 Njmm* Thickness = 225 em 24 fa = 15 N/mm* f, = 415 Nimm* Thickness = 25-0 om fa=20 Nim? fy = 250 Nimm* Thickness = 10-0 em for = 20 N/mm? f, = 250 N/mm? Thickness = 11-0 cm fx =20 Nimm* f, = 250 N/mm? Thickness = 120 cm fa = 20 Nimm* f,— 250 Nfmm* Thickness = 13-0 cm ‘fa=20 Nim fy =250 Nimm* Thickness — 140 em fee =20 N/mm fy = 250 N/mm* Thickness = 150 cm fos 20 Nim? f,= 280 Nimm* Thickness = 175 em 32 fas20 N/mm? fy = 250 N/mm* Thickness = 20% cm 33 fxm 20 N/mm* f= 250 N/mm* Thickness «= 225 cm © 34 fa=20 N/mm? f, = 250 Nimm* Thickness = 250 cor ei SSURBRR |Table No. 35 fae 20 Nimm? f= 415 Nyx? Thickness = 10-0 em 36 faa 20 Nimm? fy 415 Nimm? Thickness = 11-0 cm 37 fa =20 Nim? fy = 415 N/mm? Thickness = 120 cm 38 fa 20 N/mm? fy 41S N/mm? Thickness o 13-0 em 39 fe = 20.Nimm? fy = 415 Nimm* Thi 0 fae 20 Nin? f= 415 Nam? 41 fame 20 Ninn? fy = 415 Nimm? Thickness = 17:5 om 42 fax=20 N/mm? f,— 415 N/mm? Thickness = 200 cm 43 fa =20 Nimm? fy = 415 Nim? Thickness — 22:5 om 4 fue 20 Nimm? f= 415 Nimm* Thickness = 250 cm FLEXURE — Reinforcement Percentages for Doubly Reinforced Sections fan 15 Nimm? fy 250 Ninn? 46 fa 29.Nimm? =f x= 250 N/mm? 47 fam 25 Noon? = fy = 250 N/mm? 48 fa 30.Nimm? = fy 250 N/mm? 490 fae 1S Nim? = fy = 41S Noma? Pe PENS = 25 N/mm tym 3 & 30 Ninn? fm als Nem? 53 fac IS Nimm? = fy 500 N/mm? 34 fa 20 Nimm? =f, = 500 N/mm? 35 fu=25 Nim? = fy = 500 N/mm? ‘ 36 fa 30Nimm? =f = $00 N/mm? I FLEXURE— Limiting Moment of Resistance Factor, Monta/byd? fay for ‘ingly Reinforced T-beams Nim? QO 51 f= 250 Nim oe 93 3 f= 415 Nom ‘i 4 59 fp= 00. N/oumt Pee e 5 6 Stender Compression Members — Values of Py m 61 Shear — Design Shear Strength of Concrete, rq Nimmt 18 Shear — Vertical Stirups - 19 63 Shear —Bent-up Bars ar) DEVELOPMENT LENGTH 6s Plain Bars 188 65 Deformed bars, fy = 415 N/mm? : 184 66 Deformed bars, f= 500 N/mam* mass 67 Anchorage Value of Hooks and Bends vam 186 WORKING STRESS METHOD — FLEXURE — Moment of Resistance Factor, Mjbd?, N/mm? for Singly Reinforced Sections = 50 Nimmt 195 ol Ber 70 Nim 196 Gr 0 on 85 Nm? 157 aa Th cae 100 Nimmt 138noD “OY AQAA WORKING STRESS DESIGN — FLEXURE — Reiaforcemeat Percentages for Doubly Reinforced Séctions Table No. 2 om 50 Nam Bo cae m 70 Nimm* 8 tae = 85 Nisam TS ae w= 100 Nim? 75 ce 50 N/mm? 1) Gt— 70 N/mm? 78 ete 85 N/mm? 79 aq = 100 Nim? sees Rees WORKING STRESS METHOD — SHEAR ‘Permissibfe Shear Stress in Concrete + N/mm? Vertical Stirrups ‘Bentup Bars WORKING STRESS METHOD — DEVELOPMENT LENGTH Plain Bars Deformed Bars— oy = 230 N/mm, on = 190 N/mm? Deformed Bars— oy == 275 N/mm, ec—= 190 N/mm* Om = 140 N/mm? ou 140 N/mm? nm 140 N/mm? = 140 N/mm? a= 230 Nfoumat a = 230 Nm? a = 230 N/mm? x = 230 Nom? Moment of Inertia — Values of bd/12000 ‘MOMENT OF INERTIA OF CRACKED SECTION—Values ott d]d = 005 d']d= 010 aida 015 ald = 020 DEPTH OF NEUTRAL AXIS— Values of nid by Elastic Theory a'{d = 005 did 2010 d'id= 015 d'id = 020 ‘Areas of Given Numbers of Bars in cm* ‘Areas of Bars at Given Spacings Fixed End Moments for Prismatic Boams Deflection Formulae for Prismatic Beams ‘) i BBs Bess 88s zeseE BERSad! fee SYMBOLS = Area of concrete fa = Gross area of section. = Area of steel ina columa or in a singly reinforced beam or slab = Area of compression steel fe = Area of stirrups = Area of additional tensile Se reinforcement inl = Deflection due to creep Deflection due to shrinkage = Breadth of beam or shorter te ‘dimensions of 2 rectangular column his = Effective width of flange in a Tex T-beam Ps = Breadth of web in a T-beam i = Centre-to-centre distance between corner bars in the direction of, width 7 = Overall depth of beam or slab or Ke diameter of column or larger . dimension ina rectangular Ke column or dimension of a k rectangular column in. the: dicection of bending Le = Thickness of flange in a T-beam_ if = Effective depth of a beam or slab = distance of centroid of com- dex pression reinforcement from the extreme compression fibre I of the concrete section ov = Centre to centre distance between ‘corner bars in the direction of depth = Modulus of elasticity of concrete Mr = Modulus of elasticity of steel Me = Eccentricity with respect to major axis (xx-axis) Moni s= Eccentricity with respect to ‘minor axis (y-axis) = Minimum eccentricity Mex = Compressive stress in concrete at Moy the level of centroid of Mun compression reinforcement = Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = Flexural tensile __ strength (modulus of rupture) of concrete = Stress in steed = Compressive stress in__stee! corresponding to a strain of 0-002 Stress in the reinforcement nearest to the tension face of a member subjected to combined axial load and bending == Characteristic yield strength of steel = Design yield strength of steel = Effective moment of inertia = Moment of inertia of the gross section about centroidal axis, neglecting reinforcement = Moment of inertia of cracked section ‘= Flexural stiffness of beam = Flexural stiffness of column. = Constant or coefficient or factor = Development length of bar = Length of column or span of beam hs = Effective length of a column, bending about x-axis = Effective length of a column, bending about yy-axis = Maximum moment under service loads = Cracking miinent Design moment for limit state Design (factored moment) ‘= Limiting moment of resistance of ‘singly reinforced rectangular beam = Design moment about xx-axis == Design moment about y-axis = Maximum uniaxial moment capacity of the section with axial load, bending about xeaxis wiiTOTO @ © Maximum _uniasal moment one section wit load, bending about wi aia ‘= Equivalent bending moment = Additional moment, Me — Mota, in doubly reinforced beams Mostar Limiting moment of resistance m P Py xviii of aT-beam = Modular ratio = Axial load ‘= Axial load comresponding to the condition of maximum compressive strain of 003 Sin concrete and 0002 in the ‘outermost layer of’ tension Steel in compresion member ‘= Design axial load for limit state design (factored load) = Percentage of reinforcement = Percentage of compress reinforcement, 100 Aub = Percentage of tension reinforee- Aulod = Additional percentage of tensile reinforcement in doubly * reinforced beams, 100 Aalbd ‘= Spacing of stirrups <= Torsional moment due to factored Toads = Shear force = Strength of shear reinforcement (working stress design) ‘= Shear force due to factored loads - of shear reinforcement it state design) ‘= Depth of neutral axis at service Toads 4 a aan gt ee °NE e ee tropes = Shorter dimension ofthe stirrup =Depth of neutral axis at the limit state of collapse = Maximum depth of neutral axis in limit state design ‘= Distance from centroidal axis of, section, neglecting reinforeement, to extreme fibre in tension = Longer dimension of stirrup = Lever arm = Angle ~ Partial safety factor for load — Partial safety factor for material strength = Creep strain in concrete = Permissible stress ia concrete in ‘bending compression = Permissible stress in conorete in direct compression = Stress in steel bar = Permissible stress in steel in compression Permissible stress in steel in tension = Permissible stress in shear reinforcement = Nominal shear stress = Design bond stress ‘= Shear stress in concrete = Equivalent shear stress <= Maximum shear stress in concrete ‘with shear reinforcement = Creep coefficient = Diameter of bat—_ CONVERSION FACTORS Conversely To Convert into Multiply by Mutoly iy a) @) ® ® Loads and Forces ‘Newton Kilogram 01020-9807 Kilonewton Tonne 1020 ©9807 ‘Moments and Torques Newton metre Kilogram metre 01020 ©9807 Kilonewton metre Tonse metre 01020 ©9807 Stresses ‘Newton per mm? kilogram permm? 01020 9807 Newton per mm? Kilogram perom? © - 1020 00981 EE ee airMemcr i TAA, 1. MATERIAL STRENGTHS AND STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS LL GRADES OF CONCRETE jing six_ grades of concrete can Toe error reiforced. concrete work “at Specited in Table 2 of the Code (I :456- 1978): ‘M15, M20, M25, M30, M35 and M40, ‘The number in te, grade Sesigzation refers ‘characteristic compressive: 2 magi Seen rk Nfmmt; the characteristic streagth being defined’ as the strength below which not more than 5 Of the test results are expected to fall. qe EES eet “Code of pitti for plain and reinforced concrete (third Lad Sema, Grades and MD ane used for flexural members. Charts for flexural memibers and tables for slabs aré, therefore, ‘given for these two! grades only: However, fables. for design of flexural members. sre given for Grades M 15, M20, M25 and M 30. 411.2 The charts for compression members care applicable to dirgakt of Concrete. J.2 TYPES AND GRADES OF REINFORCEMENT BARS The types of steel ‘permitted for use as re- {nforcement bars in 4.6 of the Code and their characteristic strengths (specified ‘minimum yield stress or 02 perceat proof stress) are as follo Type of Steet ‘Mild steel (plain bars) Mild steel (hot-rolled deforns- ed bars) Medium tensile steel (plain bars) Medium tensile steel (hot- rolled defermed bers) igh yield strength steel (hot- Mii deformed bas) High yield strength steel Indian Standard t J AS : 432 (Part 1)-1966* % for bars Reel areas TS : 1139-1966 t IS: 1139-1966¢ Yield Stress or 0-2 Percent Proof Stress 15: 432 (PartT}1966") 26 Kgtimms for barsupto 1S 1139-1966 4 ielinn for bat /man* for bars over 20 mm dia 345 kef/mm® Yor bars over Feu up to 40 mm 33 kgffmm* for bars over 40 mm dia 42'S kgf/mm! forall sizes 1S :1786-1979¢ «415 N/mm? forall barsizes Goldtwisted deformed } 50Q.N/mm? forall bar sizes bars) J Hard-drawn stel wire fabric 5366-19678 and 49 kfm? 1s 32 (Part 11-1964 ‘Nore—SI waits have been used fa 1S: 1786-19794; in other Taian Standards, SU units willbe adopted in thei nex revisions. Speicin fhe mil sel go medion tase see bars and tardrawn stl wie for cose ein ane Pet {Mild tet aed median tens el tes Coa ta si ication for hot rolled mild see, medium tensile ste! and high yield strength steel deformed bars fot eancretereoforcement (revtied). ‘Specifcation for cold-worked stl high strength deformed bars for concrete reinforcement (second vesision). $Specifeation for hard-drawn stee! wire fabric for concrete reinforcement (fet revision). ston Gt il ed aot tly tle wat bet tl meres oe vr fr ono l Ag MM MEL gation te oe a oe SinrERIAL STRENGTHS AND STRESSSTRAIN RELATIONSHIPS 3ICO oO SOHO O ON et O Taking the above values into consideration, most of the charts and tables have beca prepared for three grades of stee) having characteristic st ‘equal to 250 N/mm’, 415 N/mm? and 500 Nim? 121 If the steel being used in a design hos a strength which is slightly different from the ‘bore values, the chart or table for the nearest value may be used and the aréa of-reinforce- iment thus obtained be modified in. proportion to the ratio of the strengths. 12.2 Five values of f; (includingjthe yalue for hard-drawa steel ‘wise fabric) have, been included in the tables for singly reinforced sections. 13 STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP FOR CONCRETE The Code permits the uso of any appropriate curve for the relationship between the compressive stiess and strain distribution in concrete, subject to the. condition that it results in the prediction of strength in subs- tantial agreement with test results {37.1(0) of the Code). An acceptoble stresssirain curve (see Fig. 1) given in Fig. 20 of the Code will form the basis for the design aids in this ication, The compressive strength of con- rete inthe structure is assumed to be 0°67 fs. With a value of 1°5 for the partial safety Joctor a for material strength (3.4.2.1 oft the Code), the maximum compressive stress in concrete for design purpose 1s 0-445 fx (eee Fig. 1). 14 STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP FOR STEEL ‘The modulus of elasticity of steel, Es, is taken as 200 000 N/mm (4.6.2 of the Code). ‘This value is applicable to all types of reinforcing stets, The design yield stress (or 02 petcent proof stress) of steel is equal to fjra. With a value of 115 for ym (35.4.2.1 of the Code), the design yield stress fq becomes 0°87 fy.” The Siresestrain relationship for steel in tension cand compression is assumed to be the same, For mild steel, the stress is proportional ‘to strain up to yield point and thereafter the strain increases at constant stress (see Fig. 2). For cold-worked bars, the stress-strain relationship given in Fig. 22 of the Code will 4 Fig. 1 Design Staess-Stram CURVE FOR ConcreTE STRAW Fig, 2 Stmuss-STRAIN Cunve FoR MiLp STEEL, be adopted. According to this, the stress is proportional to strain up to a stress of 08 fy. Thereafter, the stress-strain curve is defined as given below: Steess Inelastic strain 080 f Nil 0854 00001 0904, 00003 095%, 00007 O95 O01 0 10f, 0.0020 ‘The stress-strain curve for design purposes is obtained by substituting fe for f in the above. For two grades of cold-worked bars ‘with 02 percent proof stress values. of 415 Némm# and 500 N/mm* respectively, the values of total strains and design stresses corresponding to the points defined above are given in Table A (see page 6), The stess- strain curves for these two. grades of cold- worked bars have been plotted in Fig. 3. DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETEa RNR MRM cto cP 500 450 n : Soe ren sen, TESTE UnTE fon ey ta 400 { 3 ruive ron trays wom Ty co 350 OD ' : } 300 oe g 8 2 250 %& 6 200 150 Oo wo 100 ‘ ty 50 0 ° 0-001 0-002 0-003. 0-004 +0005, > STRAIN ( Fic. 3 Sraess-Srraty Curves ror Coup-Workep STezis DSIATERIAL STRENGTHS AND STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS 5 ‘cco GOO OCD QD IO € OomoD2 Q 3 C oO TABLE A SALIENT POINTS ON THE DESIGN STRESS-STRAIN CURVE FOR COLD-WORKED BARS (Clonse 149 Sees Leven fy als Nim f= S00 Noms Peete eee a an ‘Stain Stes Stain Suess o © o « o Nit Nimes 080s o-oo 4s cd 001 7% ws 085% 0001 3067 0001 95 ws 090 fy 0001 92 mas 9-002 26 313 095 fg 002 at uae oom Bo O15 ha 0.002 76 ashe 0003 12 29 rOfa 0.003 89 309 oot 17 88 [Nott —~ Linear interpolation may be dare fr intermediate values. ‘ DESION AIS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE natn etaoO ( q A FLEXURAL MEMBERSmocDe 2. FLEXURAL MEMBERS a 21 ASSUMPTIONS 2.2 MAXIMUM DEPTH OF NEUTRAL Bist et Pate falta Assumption) an4 (0) gov te maxioun oe os lapse are given below (see 37.1 of the Code): depth af areal axe in flexural members. 8) Plane sections normal to the axis of i it the member remain plane after bending. is shown in Fig. 4. The maximum depth of ‘This means that the strain at any point neutral axis, max is obtained directly from The design stress-strain nforcing steel Table B, ° Bratt strstain ip reining tc are given in BI. 7 @) The tensile strength of concrete is TABLEB VALUES OF “8SE FoR ignored, DIFFERENT GRADES OF STEEL The detign stresses in reinforcement (Clase om ie from, the strains using ome the measstrain relationships renin fy Nam? 2 is The strain in the tension reinforcement “2 ost 4s Oto not aw dan ‘ OFF. + 0-00, ee 7 23 RECTANGULAR SECTIONS fevumption i intended t Pos comprasive sts block for conse ctile s, the tensile is represented stress-strain enforcement ins to undergo a certain cure an in Fig. le anea hom is ee degree of inelastic deformation before block (see Fig. 4) that the centroid of com+ the concrete fails in compression. pressive force in a rectangular section lies b—»| 0-0035 0-646 fey, | 0-016 x, Xuhee me d fo pause 287.002 O-87 f, STRESS STRAIN DIAGRAM eet Fio. 4 Sovauy Reiwroroa Sscrionat a distance of 0°416 x. (which has been founded of 0" yin code) tom ihe | TAREE wmaMUM PERCENTAGE OF extreme comipressio. fibre; and the total force TERT REEMFORCEMENT Pte of compression is 0°36 fax bxa. The lever arm, ‘SECTIONS. that is, the distance “between the centroid of compressive force and centroid of tensile (Clause 2.3) force is equal to (d — 0-416 x,), Hence the . ‘upper limit for the moment of resistance of a fe Sy Nit singly reinforced rectangular section is given Vt Be by the following equation: Morin = 0°36 fa Breas a i ORS = O16 Hp ws O88 X(d = 0416 Yu) 3% mp gat Substituting for our from Table B and transpesi 1B fox Bd, 7 get the ies ¢ limiting moment of resistance factors for Re Spy sie ca ad 23.1 Under-Reinforced Sections Slabs, These values are given in Table C- Ynersenforoed The teste reinforoement percentage, Pui Nufreedeeton arte renteeaeat ee corresponding to the limiting moment of centage not exceeding the appropriate value resistance is obtained by equating the forces given in Table E. For such sections, the of tension and compression, depth of neutral axis xe wl be sale than ta bd O15) wen, The sean in steel at the limit sate Prt OD 036 fs brome afesleps wil, therfore, be more than Substituting for xu ftom Tabie B, we get “P+ 0002 aid, the design stress in the values of rina fle a8 given in TaBlEC. steel wil be O87. The depth of axis is obtained by equating the forces of TABLE C LIMITING MoMeENT op ‘ension and compression. TANCE ANI :MENT INDEX bd FOR SINGLY AHINFORCED RECTANGULAR "ing" (O8T,5) = 036 fa xo Sections (Cloase23) 5 -(B) O8Tf, fy Nit 250 as 500 100) O36 fa ‘The moment of resistance of the section is Mato ous vi on equal to the iuct of the tensile force ie snd te ler fom push, a7 ete og yg a Ma = Era O87 f) @d— 0-416 x4) 3145 (Bs) (1-0 ‘The values of the limiting moment of resis- : a tance factor Me/bd* for different, grades of Substituting for = we get foverte and stl are given in Table D. The corresponding percentages of reinforcements f= 0-877, ( Pt are given in Tale E, These are the maximum Man O81f (i missi tages for singly reinforced Eetoos, seme saseiiaal x [1 = 10s E(B) 23.11 Charts 1 t0 18 have been LED cai RESISANCE FACTOR Woah fees nme ron Y assigning diferent values to Me/o and SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR Plotting d versus py. The moment values in SECTIONS the charts are in units of KN.m per metre (Clase 2) wh, Charts ar given for thre grades of steel and two grades of concrete, nam fe, S, Nina Mis and M20 which ace most commonly Nim Ga Tis aed Wed for flexural "members. Tables 1 to 4 oo Cover, & wider range, that is, five values of iB 33f 39380. and four grades of concrete up to M30. 3 373 ¥as_—535 Tn these tables, the values of percentage of En fer 8¢ 3 blowement p hive been tabled agai 10 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETEranging from 10 cm to 25 These tables take into account 255.22 Of the Code, that is, the maximum bar diameter does not exceed one-cighth the thick. ment has been taken as 15 mm or the bar diameter, whichever is greater {see 254.1(4) of the Code}. Ja these tables, the zeros at the top right hand corner indicate the region where the reinforcement percentage would exceed pn; and the 2e08 al the lower Tet hand comer indicate the region where the reinforcement is Jess than the misimam according to 255.21 of the Code. Example 1 Singly Reinforced Beam Determine the main tension reniorcement juired for a rectangular beam section With the following data: Size of beam 30 x 60 mn Concrete mix MIs Characteristic strength 415 Nfmm* of reinforcement *Pactored moment NOKNn ‘Assuming 25 mm dia bars with 25 mm coven, Effective depth = 60 25 8 625m From Table D, for fy = 415 N/mm* and fa = 15 Nim Motinfod! = 207 Nima = Figo X (1000)! = 207 x 10°kNiot Meum = 207% 10% 30 ‘5625\" = 207 x 10 x55 « (Fie) = 1965 kNn Actual moment of 170 kN.m is less than Mava. The section is therefore to,be designed as a singly reinforced (under-reinforced) rectangular ‘ection. Mario of Rerenninc To Fusons Cuaxt For referring to Chart we need the value of moment per metre width. Melo = 1 = S67 KN. permet itt, The term factored moraat means the meat due to characterise loads multpiad bythe appro- rite value of pista safety factor, [FLEXURAL MEMBERS, Refarring to Chart 6, corresponding to M,jb = S67 kN.m and d = 5625 em, Percentage of steel py = 048m 06 1 dy = USBE | 016x30% 5625 oO TO 100 Marioo or Rermeino 10 Tastes For referring to Tables, we need the value 10-1 om? oF Me 170x108 bd¥ ~ 3053625x5625x10" : From Table 1, Percentage of reinforcement, = 0-594 2 Ay OSS 002 oat Example 2 Stab Determine, the main reinforcement required for’a slab with the following dat Factored moment 960 kNan er metre width Depth of slab 10cm Concrete mix MIS Characteristic strength a) 415 N/mm? of reinforcement 2)250 Ninn? Marion oF REPmRING TO TABLES FOR SLABS Referring to Table 15 (for fy = 415 N/mm), direlly we get the flowy weiorsement for 2 moment of resistance of 9°6 Nim er metre width: 8 mm dia at 13 em spacing ‘or 10 mam dia at 20 em spacing Reinforcement given in the tables is. based on a cover of 15 mm or bar diameter whichever is greater. ‘METHOD OF REFERRING TO FLEXURE CHART Assume 10 mm dia bars with 15 mm cover, amt0—15~ Posen a) For fy == 415 Nimm? From Table D, Mold? = 207 Njmmt : + x 100 (8) J Masia = 207 % 10 «100 (75) = 1325 Nn Actual bending momeat of 9°60 kNam is less than the limiting bending moment. uReferring to Chart 4, reinforcement per- ‘centage, pr = 0°475 Referring to Chart 90, provide ~ 8 mm dia at 13.cm spacing ‘or 10 mm dia at 20cm spacing. Alternately, 7 ‘Ay = 0475 x 100 xapp3s om? per metre width, From Table 96, we get the same reinforce- ‘ment as before. 0) For fy = 250 Nom? From Table D, Mualbd* = 224 Nom? Mom 224 x 1 x1 x( iis). = 14336 KN. Actual bending moment of 9°6 kN.m is less ‘than the limiting ling moment. Referring to Chart J, reinforcement percentage, pr = 078 Referring to Chart 90, provide 10 mm dia at 13 cm spacing. 23.2 Doubly Reinforced Sections — Doubly Teinforced sections are generally ado ‘when the dimensions of the beam have predetermined from other considerations ‘and the design moment exceeds the moment of resistance of a singly reinforced section. ‘The additional moment of resistance necded is obtained by providing compression re~ inforcement and additional tensile reinforcement. The momeat of resistance of a doubly reinforced section is thus the sum of the limiting moment of resistaxce Majin. of singly reinforced section and the additional moment of resistince Moy. Given the values (of Mu which is greater than Muyo, the value ‘of Muy can be calculated, May = Mu ~ Meso ‘The lever arm for the additional moment of resistance is equal to the distance between cea of waion mince and ome pression reinforcement, that is (d—d') where is the distance from the extreme compression fibre to the centroid of eompression reinforcement. Therefore, considering, the ‘moment of resistance due to the additional tensile reinforcement and the compression reinforcement we get the following: May = Aaa 081) (4-2) also, Mea = Ache — fo) (4 - @) where Aug is the area of additional tensile reinforcement, Av. is the area of compression reinforcement, ‘fe is the stress in compression reinforcement, and Sec is the ve stress in concrete at the level of the centroid of compression reinforcement. ‘Since the additional tensile force is balanced by the additional compressive force, Ave (foe — fix) = Ans (0°87) Any two of the above three equations may bbe used for finding Aye and dee. The total tensile reinforcement Ax is given by, bd 4s: = Poin 95 + Ane It will be notice shat we need the values of fe and fe betore we can calculate Au “The approach given here is meant for design of sections and not for analysing a given section, The depth of neutral axsis, therefore, taken as equal to eee. AS shown in Fig. 5, strain atthe level ofthe compression reinforce reat wil be equal to 00035 (1 ~ 5-2) Foe { 09-0035 o : } 0-035 (t- =) ogh, 0-002 STRAIN DIAGRAM Fig. 5 Dousty Remrorcen SecTION 2 [DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETEtn a A RARER For values of d’/d up to 0-2, fox is equal to 0-446 fu: and for mild stee! reinforcement ‘fe would be equal to the design yield stress of 0-87 f. When the reinforcement is cold- ‘worked bars, the design stress in ion feinforcement fe, for different values. of Fifa up to 02 Will be as given in Table F. STRESS IN, COMPRESSION nNTORGEMENT fg NiemtN DOUBLY RCED BEAMS WITH COLD- REINFORCED (Clause 232) Sn aa PEEL eee Nom Gop O10 01S 0d ais B53 00 42 BS 23.2.1 Any as been plotted against (dd) for different values of Meg in Charts 19 and 20. These charts have been prepared for frm 2ITS Nom and it is directly appli- Cable for mild steel reinforcement with yield Siress of 250 Nimamat, Values of du, for other fades of steel and also the values of due can, Ee obtained by multiplying the value read from the chart by the factors given in Table G. The multiplying factors for Au, given in this Table, are based on a value of fs corres ponding to concrete grade M20, but it can ErTised for all grades of concrete with title error. TABLE G MULTIPLYING FACTORS FOR, {USE WITH CHARTS 19 AND 20 “Clause 2.32.2) fy FACTOR FACTOR FOR yg FOR did forms FOR <— Aw ‘005 010-015 020 250 100 Oh TOF 10H OF ais 0@ 08 068 06 068 0 0% 952 Ost 055 060 23.2.2 The expresion for the moment of ‘eaisiance of a doubly reinforced section may tho be written in the following manner: My = Mosin + P28 087 §) (@-€) in Age + e74(1- 3) where Po is the additional percentage of tensile reinforcement. Pe= Putin + Pir O87 Sy paral ae FLEXURAL MEMBERS The values of p, and p. for four values of a'd up to 02 have been tabulated against Malbd? in Tables 45 to 56. Tables are given for three grades of steel and four grades of concrete, Example 3 Doubly Reinforced Beam Determine the main reinforcements re- quited for a rectangular beam section with the following data: Size of beam 30 x em Concrete mix M15 Characteristic strength of 415 Nfmm* reinforcement Factored moment 320 KN.m Assuming 25 mm dia bars with 25. mm clear cover, d= - 25 ~23 2 5625em From Table D, for fy = 415 Nimm* and fac = 15 Nimin® Mesialbd?=2:07 Nfonm? = 2-07 x 10? KN/m* AS Must =2°07 x 10? bd® marc 2S, 528 = 1965 kKN.m ‘Actual_moment of 320 kNm is greater than Mim sie <.,, The section is to be designed as a doubl einforced section, Se Reinforcement from Tables Ms 320 : Bat = 3362 5F IGM IIT Nim it~ (755125) = 007 Next higher value of d'/d = 0-1 will be used for referring to Tables. Referring to Table 49 corresponding to Mbt 337 and f= 0, V-1I7, pe = 0-418 885 om", Aye = 705 cot? ode [Remvrorcemenr From CHARTS (d—d) w (5625 — 3°75) = 52'5cm Mog = (320 ~ 196°5) = 123°5 Kim Chart is given only for f= 250 Nimmn?; therefore use Chart 20 and modification factors according to Table G. Referriog to Chart 20, ary (For fy = 250 Njmnma®) = 10-7 om* Bmodification factors given in Table G wees Nien Aang 10°T X 0°60 1 642 cant Ag = 10°7 X 0°63 = 6-74 cm" Referring to Table Pistia == 0% 1 Ann 072» SAX 3 215 em Aq 1215 + 642 = 18°57 cm ‘These values of Ay and Aw are comparable to the values obtained from the table. 24 SECTIONS ‘The moment of resistance of a T-beam can, be considered as the sum of the moment of resistance of the concrete inthe web of width be and the contribution due to flanges of width be. The maximum moment of resistance is obtained when the depth of neutral axis is Xomas- When the thickness of flange is small, that is, less than about 0-2 d, the stress in the flange will be uniform or nearly uniform (Gee Fig. 6) end the centroid of the compressive force in the flange can be taken at Dr/2 from the extreme compression fibre. There- fore, the following expression is obtained for the limiting moment of resistance of T-beams with small values of Difd. Morinst = Mastams + O46 fa x Gr Dr( a- $4) ms 20°36 foc ByXaymax (2-0°416 oyna). ‘The equation given in E-2.2 of the Code is the same as above, with the numericals rounded ‘off to two decimals. When the flange thickness is greater than about 02 d, the above expression is not correct because the stress Feeeeersee ce eeeeecey distribution in the flange would not be oni- form. The expression given in. B22 0 fof 8 Code is a2 ease for te eatin of stares This expression is obtained by subst Pe Sicteden efi yr being equal to (015 xucas + 0°65 Dr) ‘but not greater than Dr. With this modifica tion, Maitnst @ Mostyn + 0446 fox x(-ben(d- F ) Dividing both sides by far bd, M eh TR + os br Bt n (E-! i) where Ho 95 tame 4. 9-65 Bt J TOUS 4065 yt Dr but F< 7 Using the above expression, the values of the moment of resistance factor Mosiovalfc bod? for different values of bebe and Dt/d have been worked out and given in ‘Tables 57 to 59 for three grades of steel. 25 CONTROL OF DEFLECTION 254 The defection of beams and slabs ‘would generally be, within permissible lits if the ratio of span to effective depth of the member does not exceed the value obtained jn accordance with 22.2.1 of the Code, The following basic values of span to effective depth are given: Simply supported 20 Continuous 26 Cantilever 1 i 0035 0°46 tax cae aa) —E ork, STRAIN foley STRESS DIAGRAM Fig. 6 T-Secion DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE o o} 5 9 Go 7 | j : LSD OP @ 7 ¢ } oO ce £Ce al designs where the reinforce- 25.2 [92000 cual to that required from ment prov ssideretons, the basic values of strength reve depth can be multiplied by span to Torte vues of the modifying Tae Pee gen inform suitable for direct tors an Fy charts have been prepared b) Wher the priate value Of pestis te aera (P= Duta) is cake (alated and then the percentage of Sompression reinforcement pe required i calculated. Thus, he ‘yalue of . corresponding to a value Myp. is cbaied. (For this purpose SGias een esamed as 010: but Aer pat, thus obtained can gene tally be used for all values of d'fd rine normal range, without signi- feant error in the value of maximum panto efleive depth ratio.) 2 ‘he value of pan to effective depth ratio of the base curve is multiplied 5 the modijing factor for com- sion renforotment ftom Fig. 4 Of the Code. he nlvecblained above is plotted ‘nthe same Chart in which the base are was Grav earlier. Hence Gir pen fo efetive depth ratio for {he fy reinforced section is plotted gust the tensile reinforcement Peceatage fe Without. specifically Pefeating tbe value of ze on the Chart. FLEXURAL MEMBERS 25.3. The Values read from these Charts are directly applicable for simply supported Kemi of tanga, cost icon for % to 10 m. For simply supported or ontnuous span age aa 10m he vals should be farther multiplied by the factor ((O0jspan in metres). For continuous sf ‘or cantilevers, the values read from the o are to be modified in proportion to the basic values of span to effective depth ratio. The multiplying factors for this purpose are as follows: Continuous spans 13, Cantilevers 035 Tn the case of cantilevers which are longer than 10 m the Code recommends that the deflections should be calculated in order to censure that they do not exceed permissible 254, For flanged beams, the Code. recom- ‘ends that the values of span to, effective depth ratios may be determined as for reetan- sections, subject to the following modi- 2) The reinforcement should ” Eaicrarc Raa b) The vals of effective depth ue of span to effective ratio obtained” as explained. earlier should be reduced by multiplying by the following factors: {egoced end the ams cored 8 revi ‘icy hele ofp toe depth ies once at reinfooeeat ting aed th sch bd hls vay be ou the ate 255, Yn the cae of twp way slabs supported ‘on all four sides, the sorter span should be considered for the purpose of calculating the an to effective depth ratio (see Note | below 23.1 of the Code). 25.6. In the case of flat slabs the longer span should be considered (30.2.1 of the Code). When drop panels conforming to 30.2.2 of the Code are not provided, the values of span to effective depth ratio obtained from the Charts should be multiplied by 0:9. Example 4 Control of Deflection Check whether the depth of the member in the following cases is adequate for controlling deflection: ) Beam of Example 1, as a simply supported beam over a span of 7'$ m 15b) Bear of Example 3, as a cantilever beam ovet_a span of 40 m ©) Slab“of Example 2, as a continuous slab spanning in two directions the shorter and longer, spans being, 2'5 m and 35-m_respectively. The moment given in Example 2 corresponds to shorter span, ‘Span a) Actual ratio of rective depth +8 ; way 33 Percentage of tension reinforcement seauire, n=06 Refertng to Ghat 22, value of Max (5F7") corresponding to p; = 0°6, is 222. ‘Actual rato of span to effective depth i less than the allowable valve. Hence the depth provided {5 adequate-for controling & tion. 1) Actua ratio of a 40 sajna) a Percentage of tensile reinforcement, n= bli Refercing to Chart 22, Max value of ( Span) = 210 d For cantilevers, values read from the ‘Chart are to be multiplied by 0°35. Max value of Wd for } cantilever J 1-0 x0°35=7°35 1 1. The section is satisfactory for contro! of deflection. io of <_ SPA c) Actual ratio of ifective depth =oRn 3s (for slabs spanning in two directions, the shorter of the two is to be considered) n= 0: Refering to Chart 2, Max (5872) =23°6 For cottinuovs slabs’ the factor obtained from the Chart should be rltplied by 13. <. Max 5P2 for contiauous slab = 236 x 13 = 3068 Actual ratio of span to. effective depth is slightly greater than the allowable. Therefore the. section may be slightly modified or actuat deflection calgvlations may be made to as- certain whether itis within permissible limits. (it) For fy = 250 Nfmm? paO8 Referring te Chart 21, ‘Span’ Max (54) = 313 '. For continuous slab, Max SBE o2 313 x 13 409 actual ratio of span to effective depth is ‘ess than the allowable value. Hence the jided is adequate for controlling DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETEOO Oto Chart 1 FLEXURE— Singly Reinforced Section 5 8 Moment of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width 8 fy= 250 N/nin? foe 15 N/met 20 TATTAVLTALIANVAN AA ONS 8 of IN KW AN Sen 9 \\ ‘ 70 ” N \\" O 164 7 at W 180 a cry \ 0 Oo x! \W 0 8 » 120 8 i n 110 oa al WW : SN Bi £2 7 a} o 2 oO: rie Pe QO 0 al Sa iy Uy aie *0 Oo = s ie Bis 0 Oo: Da ‘s 6 » 0 7 5 8 aH ” t nfé Fy ¢ 2% i mh 7 Q : is aa 6 O§ «l, ’ 0 7 2 : ? . : O —} 5 = oF ont or 1-0 +9 vs REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 Ag/bd FLEXURAL MEMBERS. 1"Chart 2 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width ty#250 N/mm fez 15. N/mm? AN / EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d, em ot Ont O-7 10 1 16 REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 As/bd 18 [DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETEChart 3 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of [esistance kN.m per Metre Width fy2250 N/mnt fea 15 N/mot EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d, em oc oO > Ox 10: OD ODcMOD® D9 OQE - fa aaa RSS SN on on 0-7 10 13 16 REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 As/od FLEXURAL MEMBERS 9EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d,cm ( 5 \ q 7 Chart 4 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment. of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width 1, = 415 N/mm? fee 15 N/m? ar 88 3 Oe 0-8 6 07 ry REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE 100, Ag/bd FLEXURAL MEMBERS wChart 5 FLEXURE — Singly-Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width 2415 N/mm feye5 N/mrt i o eee 6 Fee 8 : & ‘ O 4 | oO | 9 § a o oS 2 7 oO ui : u : o g 5 5 Oo a ; . 5 Oo ui : by ij L i on 0208 Oe 08 O6 o7 O88 REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 As/bd 30 2 DESIGN AIDS FOR RELNFORCHD CONCKETEChart 6 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance kN.m per Metre-Width AIS N/mm fey 15 N/mm? EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d, em Boy Ot 3 On 05 06 0-7 oe Os REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 As/bd | [FLEXURAL MEMBERS B»OCO OF 7 3 Chart 7 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Soction ot : wament of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width 15 3 ty 2500 N/mm? text 15 N/mat 7 a 5-30 6 t Q oO 9 ° EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d, cm REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100As/bd FLEXURAL MIMDERS.Chart 8 FLEXURE Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance kNm per Metre Width 2 2 f,= 500 N/mm fe 215 N/mm s * Ni i NVA ee she . AA 500 i \ AW! ae 3 fae \ \ \ 500 32 t \ AN bao 1 ) \ $20 so > NN soo 49) a 400 “oe \' " \ { 480 arti a0 gE A\\ 420 § rd oF 'S Ting 400 z e “Tos 380 a wa a x 360 wa 2 | a0 7 8 alt 3 i cofee 320 3 1 7 i a % ota - 1 a a0 : En 200 5 ” 270 36] 85, * 280 250 . Feo 280 7 u no Oo af 8 220 20 ae) “ae 200 i ” 190 i 30 L : on oa os o os ot H REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100A, /bd 26Chart 9 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance KN.m per Metre Width 1y2500 N/mm? fexe 15 N/mm OTS § c ¢ | € cA 6 q s G = a oa ¢ i ¢ a c 2 S q 8 ch . G : re q cA 4 1 : vd Q : ‘ on ee o ot os oe 2 «4 REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 1O0As/bd “ FLEXURAL MEMBERS anChart 10 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance KN.m.per Metre Width ty= 250 N/mm? fee 20 N/mm" ) G g ROD - Onn OV Ors OQ EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d,cm on rs 14 1 +3 REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 Ag/bd FLEXURAL MEMBERS, 29EFFECTIVE DEPTH, dem Chart 11 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width fy2 250 N/mm fex220 N/a RAY SA nN ANS WW aN \ MM i AAA Ny YK. o os vo 1s 1 REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 Ac/bd DDBSIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETEChart 12 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width ty = 280 N/mm fe4220 Nyman aor CIV nf WAN ie 8 a7} me oO 6 5 oO on Wn. Ry 2 ™ & n ta Oo. " 08 oo & (> ae 150" rae 2 a z° 1400 QO | © ss O 3 1980 ) oe 9 a 1108 fal g com oes nso ‘OF i se ‘9 He 1200 : ii Oo 2 180 ; + A 1100 so 1050 * ss 1000 190 s7 160 0 - 920 ss on rr + REINTORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 Ag /bd YLEXURAL MEMBERS5-30 Chart 13. FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Moment of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width D8 texe20 N/mat or REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 Ag/bd o-8 fy 2415 N/mm? 0-3 wo'pHtd3O AALad sa on FLEXURAL MEMBERS Are Seat at OOCEOTIOE OHO ODOM GOO QS NY SOM Oe OF OG edEFFECTIVE DEPTH, dem Chart 14 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width fy 2418 N/mm feng 20, N/mit 03 rs 07 o- v8 REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 Ag/bd DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE Sl RI ww WO ai aoo O O29 90DMW6R9I3 00% TO 7On0CK TOs05 COM Chart 15 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width oo ro 67 EFFECTIVE DEPTH, dem oe er 0 7 58 55 Ot FLIXURAL MEuDERS, tye AS N/mm fexz20.N/ma os os Or 0-8 REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 As/bd 38 20 55-81Chart 16 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance kN.m per Metre Width f,500 N/mm’ fex= 20 N/mm EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d, cm oF 02 3 oe 05, o8 or of REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 A,/bd FLEXURAL MEMBERS DOA Sep oy Nad o) oOTOM00SO O00 03 oO EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d, em Chart 17 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance kN.ni per Metre Width fy=500 N/mm? sex® 20 N/men? Ta HE WARS E80 AXANN- 6 \ 40” 720 Y boo \\) ai S680, LY i REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100A,/bd DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE Spe ematical ss een ct tcimeiontmineioeeminaet 8Chart 18 FLEXURE — Singly Reinforced Section Moment of Resistance KN.m per Metre Width ,=500 N/mm" fex220 N/mm so TTT mi ike al 1800 ” 1880 rs] 480 2 1500 cs ae 450 - 400 1400 ” 1380 e nf ae mere 1300 7 400 xr mit 1250 Ay o - 1200 7 \ i s ) 2 > z 1180 & 5 2 o \\x\ 100 L = \ Ld 1080 te ae 1000 Oo e\3\% 490 3, 3 \ 460 3 0 Be ¥20 O #00 e80 eo a 40, pee #20 on STO REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100As/bd FLEXURAL MEMUEHS 9~ Doubly Reinforced Section (d-d'),em Chart 19 FLEXURE 1y=250 N/mm? FLEXURAL MBER OOCOCODUWMECO OOMCMAOO £Ast: cm? Chart 20 FLEXURE — Doubly Reinforced Section ty 280 N/mm? (d-d'),em DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE POPP, ee ere: Poy Ce go aChart 21 CONTROL OF DEFLECTION fy = 250 N/mm? MAX RATIO OF SPAN/EEFECTIVE DEPTH 0 05 10 15 20 25 130 TENSION REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 Ast /bd Values for fective depth ratio given in this chart are for simply supported spans up to 10 m. For apne over 10 mulply the values by 1O)span in metres For continuous beam ot slab, multiply the value for simply supported condition by 1.3, For cantilevers up to 10:m, mlply the value from the chart by 0.35, For cantilevers over 10 m, this chart is not vali. FLEXURAL MEMBERS a 15 20 25‘TABLE 1 FLEXURE— REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, p, FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS fa 15 Noa Mbit, 250 soo) | Nim 500 ou om | 10 Pats 0398 O16 oom | 1 oat Oa 2190 ows | rst bas Oa ais Stor | 136 oa oar oto ono | 158 val as ous om | 10 848 O40 2390 ous | Fe 43s ale 516 Oise | re bal a 30 oi | re bass Oa 0368 oie | 1 was Ome ones owt | 140 0482 045s 405 dam | ie oH bas ous 206 | 144 049 arg 5 oats | ie 2303 Dass oa? ais | ie 310 00 ous oz | 140 ost own oase one | Te os oso O48 oas | res 038 Ost O40 20 | ae 0339 Ost oat odie | ras ose bas ose eas | 130 ost ose 235 oasr | 132 St o8 O34 ae | 194 950 O56 O55 wane | 156 3% Oss os om | 138 O58 OS6t oss 02 | 2 oss 0370 ons | 3m ose 0230 | 208 Ose base | 305 oes 502 | 208 1 os ows os | 210 TB oes oer O34 | 22 14 066s Oe oa | 216 1% bee O60 aes | 215 123 080 Ops oat | 28 19 om os oss | 220 12 O73 ogee os | 222 1 om Ose 036 | 2 13 0 ono o3ss 133 O42 On O36 10 a7 07m ox 12 OTe Gray 03% 1 O70 O78 239 1a O43 Ort Oa fe O86 ones om: ‘Nore — Blanks indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage (see Table E), [FLEXURAL MEMBERS a‘TABLE 2 FLEXURE — REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, px FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS Mlb, [Ean = 0 20 e291 se i oa i iB Boe oO 03s oan ie 83 3 we te 9 on 0350 7 a 8 o 08 0403 . a 38 ie 5 ee oe ° ee i eax % 3 9 Boe i } 28 3 9 10 0736 ie he i Boe i TSS 0825 3 3B ie Be Oe 1 oma ig i Se Be Be uv 204 1132 mie OS BB BB Oe [Nora — Blanks indice fosdmisibe reinforcement percentage (see Table E)- a DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 annis rem isonet easementTABLE 3. FLEXURE —REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, p: FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS fec= 25 Noun? ar) ome 0679 Om 0685 OT = OTL 15 0758 OTT 05 ons 0236 om one | 295 19 ons OTM 05s 02 0200 ous 0130] 290 1584 0792 0760 0 079 O74 ous O12 | 285 rei8 089 O77 OG O81 0309 Oe 0454 | 250 1653 oe 0704 07 03470333 01m O67 | 295 L689 08s Osi O75 O83 0388 ois 0179 | 300 74 osc (0828 98 0399 O83 oi oat | 305 1760 930 oss oa 0425 0408 0212 310 1997 ogo 863 050 O4si—O433 ons 26 | Fis rae 0917 0880 095 O47 0438 om 079 | 320 1871 053 O98 00 0505483 0252 02 | 325 1909 08s 0316 105 0530 509 0265 ass | 330 1987 09s oss Ho oss7 O35 0279 32 1962 O98 0342 115 0584 OSL oms2 0280 | 34 1978 0989 £0 oon 0587 0306 0293 | 336 125 68 0613 0319 0306 | 338 130 0665 0639 03330320 | 340 13S Os 665 o3e7 0333 | a2 40 oT 962 3 0346 | 344 45 07 0719 0374 os | 346 30 OT (OMS 38s 0873 | 348 Ess ogos 0773 ans 0387 | 350 1 0835 0800 ‘oat? 0400 | 352 Ves 4g, OME og aia | 354 17 8s] 0856 odo ans | 356 17S 052) 0883 odo uaa | 358 8 0947 Ott ous oss | 360 8 0979 | 0940 O49 0470 | 902 90 1009 0968 sot Odes | 368 19s Joss 0997 O19 o4se | 545 200 198 1026 054 0513 | 368 205 1099 1055 os ose | 30 210 112 108s 0565 Ose) 372 Is ie. cHle os oss7 | 374 220 List 183 0595 osT2 225 1H ost Ose 20 1 1204 oar osm 23s: 124078 068s asi7 24 1317 13650782 0) ota 245 135 12987806 O-te 250 1382 13270799) OT O663 Nort — Blanks indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage (see Table E). FLEXURAL MEMBERS 49ro o& OcOs ‘TABLE 4 FLEXURE — REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, p: FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS fac= 90 Nis? So Ninnt Male Sy Nia? : | hee fea sos NO Gy 2591S HHO 0 ous oi oes © oars oma | 258 La74 ome oss 06s 035 $1 018 boss oak | 260 1404 os. ©0702 O67 Oss bly O13 OUT Bes BS oa O78 9489 Oa O29 Gai Giz BII0 tos | 270 4) oes 033 TO 050 O28 Gal Oza ory | 275 1498 oa On O79 Oss 020 ©0259) otss os oe | 280 TS oss ons 07 Sé Sis coms | oto gia oN | as Ls 0903 OT 070 oe 000 0307 Giese | Sie Iss | 290 0922 OT) OTs Gas Oss m0 or 1se | 295 Lee 03a 0813 O78) CIS O31 Gass Gals ONS OTe | 300 1659 099 Om 06 oso 0396. 0399 m9 ome i | 305 PL og ome 82 Sas Gaze Ouse = oz 92m | S10 LTRs 090) Oa O88 O90 Ou Gy 0259 Onis | Bs 1758 Yo 087 oa 3s Oar | Ouse | 02M O37 ODT | 320 TTB 101 0896 Yoo 048 oH 0289 obo | 325 res 105s 03130876 10s oss ose ose 92 oan | 339 Lee 101s 0930 08s Flo 552 osu) O19 02765 | 335 18m Toss 9387 0909 Tis osm oss 03a 089 O7TT | 340 1998 THs O86 Ons 1) Gee 0580 035003020290 | BS 1963 Tis 03s O38 123 Oost aoe ONS OS 0305 | 350 1998 Fis (03990959 19 ect onto om ois | 353 20 rite 17 09% Tas Gees ss? O99 OHO | 340 208 Tis] 10350998 Tao 0712 0683 alt «035634 | S65 2105 1218 195310 Tas G13 om Oa] 0369 O88 | 370 BID 12 For 0a Ts O76 0795 O43 (03890368 | 375 2178 120 10891086 155 0793 07a ssa ose | 340 2215 rast 1408 198 Too Out one © ows Ode Oe | 3S 2983 1303261081 is O43 O81; O47 330 2291 tas 4s Lo Kin oar oa Oso? Osan | 395 2329 tae Het i8 14s Goo Ged 0523 O42 04M | 400 2367 18 HB 1an 0932 os | OSI O45 OwB | 40s 2406 1391 Tas Ose 920356 «O40 det | 40 244s rie 150 3s 0950 Os mS OS | 413 2485 15s Tok 097; © Osa 50) OR | 42 2825 3 roe ens Oats 0523 oso | 425 2566 205 10s 102 UGE SIS | 430 2607 2% [ioe kom oa osszosn0 | 435 2648 318 ase boss Oa | 0567) OSA | 449 2080 2H Lis bie © Oe oss oss | 443 278 3B Li rus oo 08 0572 240 1m fas OTT etl OseT 333 iG tam ort as Os 3 tam Tat ome as FS ian 1m 07 © oe 00 20 {29 OTT os O84S ‘Nore— Blanks indicate andnsible reinforcement percentage (e Table E) 0 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE ennrctsaeeniaseeesttey SeRONeR SRERR ‘eatin nte ; Ve, Phy NEE rey TABEE 3: 7. MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTH fag =15 Nicom* fy =290 Nimmn* “Thicknes = Woe Bax Bax Duar, mm ote Bax Duara, om a hare, TN Crem 6 8 10 2 om 6 8 10 2 rr om = om | om am gg i io tm oom | oh oom) dg 5 io” =o Som | mS Stn Sap i Sse om] bt Bat 9 0 om | mm 38) 590 tas 0 73 en ow | as ow ta suo 708 i ie ibs Sat % om 3m te Ee R oe 9m ts | Oma 8 oe oof 2p | & om 3H 9m Be % Se gts | BOS 15 so suet | om ts gs i se ye) te | OS Om bm Se 5 os so | mm 8 43 Gh oa % OR [Nove 1 ~ Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement percetage. ‘Nore 2~ Bar spacings below the dividing tine exceed 34. {> 9 ‘TABLE 6 FLEXURE — MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m O PER METRE WIDTH G See = 15 Nieom* (pee © ‘Thickness = 11-0cm pee Bar ‘Bar Diwsorrer, mam Bax Bas DiaMrver, mmm Tae sf oe, Bee | a Tote eam ow | eae ) ie 2 @ ele ge mm ie 8 & Bt Be eB 8 66 10991570 000 2B 000, 415 626 56 ; ; be Be Boe BB eo om ope |e ew © 2 BF | eee meow e bose Rb sje 8 8 8 Bb 18 710 1049 1408 Bw 00 ¥ QO 2 Mo 38 | 2 ee som mo ome | om man 6 ee ee ee pe # Bos 8 RB OR R 19 000 498 14 1023 ies id bid & [Nove 1 — Zeros indicate inadmisible reinforcement pecventagé. [Norm 2— Bar spacings below the dividing ine exceed 3d, FLEXURAL MEMBERS stla ODO7 ‘TABLE 7 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.to PER METRE WIDTH fg 1SNjma® 427250 Nan? Thickness = 120em Bax Bax Duseree, mm Ba, Bax Duweree, mm Spam, A gpgctyg, pe m6 3 0 2 om 6 8 10 2 5 un3T oo 000 | 2 = om 529798 6 86 2B om | 2 om 505 eS 7 836 we =o | 2 oo 883730100 B78 18 000 | 2 ost 2.09 9 661 160 = 230 | kB 10 $98 1a rees | 25 0 garg na Ho 546 Ber ies | 3% om HT 623867 2 $0 ne ios | 2 Om 395 Gk Bo a6s uso is7 | 2 = om om SB $33 ms = Or | 38 om Sak 13 405 10 tis | 000 ___ 000 160) 16 000 9% 1339 | 35 a0 # 637 It 000 97 wn | 4 =o 5 18 000 sp a | 45 om 518 9 00 588836 [Note t — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage. [Nore 2 — Bar spacings below the dividing line exceed 34. TABLE & FLEXURE— MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m PER METRE WIDTH f= 15 Nam? fy 250 Nieo* Thickness = 130.em Bax Bar Duwerres, mm Bus Bar Digester, mm SPACING, ga Sent, pee a6 8 0 2 6 | em 6 6 0” 2 16 5 1260 2958 009 000 0m | 2 ©0083 83 nae 1949 6 1067 1760 2505 om =o | 21 om $87 SIT 87 1 926 i545 2235 om) OM] | Bom S32 BOT tak sn 2 81s 372 1997 592) | 28 om SHO Teta IG 9 729 1234 B10 2403 0D | 24m) HFT OTT IIS 0 69 121 t6s¢ te | 25 oT Nl 602 «10271522 S100 | 26 © 00 = o00 89 B 53 947 18090 ow | 7 ow Oma B 512 879 1278) BOD oma 4S aie oon | B ow 000 Sat is 00 = 768 trs2 1540-2435. | 300-00 000 eat 16 00 © 722 tae t493, 2301 | 38 0000008 HOw 682 to27 eS 6 | 4 © Om 35s ie 000 © G45 s2120 | 45 Ow GOST} SST 8 ow 613,936 B20 [Now 1— Zeros indicate inadmisible reinforcement percentage. [Nore 2— Bar spacings below the dividing line exced 3d. 2 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE‘TABLE 9 FLEXURE — MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m PER METRE WIDTH fxo 1SNimnt ‘f= 290Nicum? Tidadt= 160 om Bis Bas, SPACING, ~~ sratho, —__ BPS 557 | Sea, NEB, $= ra é 6 om | 2 00 6 i BB ie oo | i Geo ee $ he pa oo | 2 ow 201 7 ee po om | Soo Bae 9 1 B56 000 | 24 O00 1637 ow | 25 om iin 1 7 230 oo | 2 O00 rest HS Mae oo | 27 oo 16% £ ee 000 | 28 200 1623 g 33 an} soe ish 5 ea eaten tees eee ae i) 2 33 2 748 ‘00 1-76 we | 45 000 «Go = om a7 10st 106 a fae Senforcenee pcre. Nom] — Ze ie ator TABLE 10 FLEXURE — MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.mPER METRE WIDTH 605, 560 000 O00 16 00 = 790 00 000 000 fees 1SNiouxt 7 29 Nia? 2 Thicke = 1506m 5 ree EEEEE EEE EPEC ECE H ECE e oe can eee cee eects 7 000 00 i 000 oe ot o 00 oo Go i) oo 900 000 ig oo oo id 000 000 ‘ 3365 ooo 5b 3183 cc) > 17 00 Bor 32 O 2730 7 2505 2491 236 29 ; 2199 500 246 00 2039 : 000 967 S 000 1900 900, 1838 900 rp ) 0 14 ow 16m ‘ 600 14653 c O00 18 600 1151 jnadisble reinforcement icate rade FLEXURAL MEMBERS, 38‘TABLE 11 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN. PER METRE WIDTH few 15 Nia = 2DNias ‘Thicket = 750m Ban Hi Dan Dyer, mm i —————_$ —errrn on 6 $ 0 ra i6 8 2 5 oa 495 oe 2 20 0 $ ba Bae ne om 200 00 7 Bas Be az 009 000 o%0 & ite iss Ba oo 000 890 3 1036 i781 2663 oo 000 o% 10 936 163 un om 000 om it om lata B 4s oo 000 BR oo iat ne an 000 oo g ooo 2337 i503 4205 0 0 w oo i 16 38 4688 00 is om 1096 168 a6 410 000 1s om ton ie 3350 38 00 u oo on ee an 20 su i 000 29 1401 nn 3821 33 B oo * iat 3638 an » om 0 ne pe 0 28 Oo a ooo ‘ooo Bo BD sa L B om om its 3536 a3 B om 0 ites ea 3636 oO a 0 oo ioe 35 sa 7 2 om 9% 1923 os aaa oe % oo oo 38 Ba an fe) a oo oo 38 Be a Fs oo oo sr 363 a » om oo 586 a1 » om om 9% 2936 ae 3s om oo oo ie B36 * om oo oo 1558 Ba a om 000 000 134 me [Nora — ros indicate inndsiereinforcemen percentage. oO oO “ DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE ee een | |TABLE 12 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTH 3 6 nas 7 1539 a Is 9 1207 1 000 1 000 2 60 at 1 900 3S 000 1 000 at 1 000 1 000 2» 0% 2 900 2 900 2 900 % 000 2% 000 2% 00 R000 2B 0% 2» 000 000 35 000 % 000 000 Nort — Zeros.TABLE 13 FLEXURE— MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m PER METRE WIDTH fica 15 Ninn? = 290 Ninast Thickness = 225 em Bax Duygu, a a 7 «2 16 oO 5 um 4 arn $ mao 56 Se OO 5 fst we a Bs Ow oO & iss ae foe S540 mak 5 Be ek bo wR 90s ae assy rats oO H 00 = 995 Aits Gra : C1 om ism Fret a6 7 00 tee) sas Sa? oO Hog) Set 255 Sas 524 ¢ 15 990 om ese ars? a0 3 1 00 = top 2953, os o i 00 = om or 28) fg3 Q is 00 = ow ts, deus ar 0° 3 00 = Own) ia 2 00 0m 698 a aaas 1 om = om Tee as 50 oO 2B om om 4s re 6 Cc % 0 = ow aoa 24 om 800 tas hs QO 25 00 = 0m os ey F 3 om «=o beat Hat i os ZH om = = 0m Tm ose ; oO % om «0 oot 2950, 2B om om owed ast oO 3 om = emote args i + 33 000 = 8) 90 j @ 00 00 G0 00 = 2H04 i . 3% 00 © Ow) : Nore — Zeros indicate inadissible reinforcement percentage. : ‘ 56 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE |TABLE 14 FLEXURE — MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m PER METRE WIDTH fa 1SNimm? - J = 250 Nima Thicknest = 250 em ae Sean, 3 0 2 16 @ » 2. ee ee er d : 7 BO 4538 10 10048 000 900 alae deed cell td tate agent ge e ge HB fe ae ue pe om ge go gs ae Ee ge OB we OBS BE GR NORE ge 2 $8883 22829 22222 & i @ BORN ene men GB of Be Be gy my up sey ig 2 2 eR @ 8 B if @ 2 ee @ 2 19 000 000 2st 79] 5B STL 2 me 38 Br am ne ge 2 a ae ee 2 @ Bo ue ga ge Be iB & 8 2 ss a om ew 7 oo o 000 278 3716 45°57 S435, 31 : pe a ee ee ee ee PR eS ee Be ie 2 8 8 2 2 em eB 3 8 FR om 00 000 000 1825 3129 3850 4609 393 ica 28 8 © @ oR a2 ge 22 8 2 8 #8 ee BR 5 $2 8 Ro ou é Nore — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage. ‘PLEXURAL MEMBERS 37TABLE 15 FLEXURE MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m PER METRE WIDTH Sea f= MSN? ‘Thickness = 100m 7 paces oe cr Site Ba Dame gan a | Sa (tts esa A eet Ieee add 2 et ls Fone 9m gw ge | a en aaa ii @ @ tl) eg B ee mR ie a 8 @ #8 9 83D ou 000 4 000 568 ex int blll pa eehere I le Ea ae a ee ee ee ee re es ee re a i # 33 @ Ble 8 #8 HOR beef gaffe ideal illo Coe ee rs a es 18 40 738 10°69 000 had eas ed ad ie prepa accents ee ee eee cin a miata Oo ‘TABLE 16 FLEXURE— MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTH Sac 1S Ninn? fa ld Nt Oa a os Fs RiEHin {2 3 ISst 900 000 000 » 449 wat 1495 Pope gm amos | ge re a ee ee ve ee ge Re a ee ee ORE pdt ar tet t uv Mo o7e 1291 000 000 3 oa re rs a ; a ( Bo He ge ae | Ze a) te teats to 6 555 ob 1353 000 30 000 Nore | —Zetos indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage. Note ?— Bar spacings below the dividing line exceed 34. 58 DESIGN AIOS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE I I |RE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN TABLE 17. FLEXURE—MOMBNT OF RESIS BS, KN. f= 8M 2 sens rites = hoe i a banda lon ‘Spactno, 7 we om | ge mone ue oo fete | te BS #8 8 B/G 8 eB F @ BB) # BB cry oo 0.00, BY 000 m9 1074 1461 HZ. 28 oo | ® se § SB Se EF 1g 00D. 2” 000 ou 65 1320 Bon Bl) 8 HOR mow |S BB RR 1091618 000 » 0-00. 583 876 [104 1046 BR au 5 ‘00. ‘000 TH 10:50 oo 3D ee 59 35 ‘Norn 1 — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage. { ‘Nore 2 — Bar spacings below the dividing lite exceed 34. rat i oan iO TABLE 18 FLEXURE—MOMENT. OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m : PER METRE WIDTH ry fac = 1SNfoam? i ASN? ay G Bax ‘Bak DIAMETER, mc Ban ‘BaR DIAMETER, mm oO olde Meum |g, teem é om 6 8 10 n 16 om 6 8 10 2 6 uF 5 1965 = 00 ooo 2 00 943 14041904 {2 $ jen Sm om ow So! mt oo Sa ie Bo Bm Q iB See ee eee eB 8 1303 2h 000 00000 BoM £28 12391692 000 { 9 1 ise 90 000000 4 00 795° 92 16 000 ee 10 1063 © 176 2499 0D 25 000 TOS 14s 1574 000, | Ho $7} 1621 32 OM Ow B 0M 73 081521 000 ip @e Ss ee re es 4 775 1308 19t 00000, 2 00 664 1001 BE 270 4 bole Be we ae te] 2 om so 9p moan I 3S 00 o00 $085 i866 ) oe HS He ae sel 2 RO ee ae 19 000 99014691985 000 om 0 R925 1509 Nore 1 — Zeros indicate inadmisibe reinforcment pecentage. [Nore 2— Bar spacings below the dividing ine exceed 34. G FLEXURAL MEMBERS 59 ¢TABLE 19 FLEXURE— MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m PER METRE WIDTH far 15 Neamt (= sis Nine? Thikads= 140m 0. sexta, Be i : Ee eee @|a 6 8 0 @ oO om) 2 90 19m i546 208 om um | zo ‘Sas te bom 80 to| 2 om Ss ise Om 0 $m) Bo om 3% fe ie oe - om} So SRO iso o0 om} 25 ow «a7 etna 8 oO Sm] 3 om ofr a1 tem Dest : Sco) 27 oo) tas teas eat £ 0 | 2% om FIST AH9 oO 00 | 2% Goo «727 10591522 40 t 000 | 30 0-00 O00 1065 1476 __—23-55 °o om) gw 09 — 5212074 vw % 9m Bizet om) 3 cm ow 725 Lote 1670 c oo Oo perature. ‘ 0 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE RE NR A REI steered 4TABLE 20 FLEXURE— MOMENT OF ‘RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN. i PER METRE WIDTI i fg = 15 Nino? FaM5 Niwa? i Thicknes = 150m Bax Bar Duverea, ma sracto, Eee ‘on 6 8 0 2 6 ® 5 a7 000 0 200 oo po. é 322 000 00 00 00 i 5 ro 000 00 oon 00 5 1555 500 00 000 00 5 Bs? a0 900 000 0 10 ne 066 000 000 200 u ist nae 00 000 00 RB oer dest oo 00 00 B 38 ed 2a 00 200 1% bat 26 3105 00 600 5 ae aa 2540 000 0 16 000 20s, are 800 oo 0 00 iss 2633 000 00 & 000 1356 3529 S00 000 B 000 tres 246 oo 0 : 2» 000 638 ae 00 000 a 000 lel Bs 00 300 6 2 000 tsar 228 00 00 QO % 00 thas oat sos 0 4 000 1428 iit 308 00 ne 25 000 1375 1901 208 006 Be 8 000 1336 i335 Bis 00 ! a 600 a4 acy 2830 000 3 : 2B 000 1237 nar aa 000 ; 3 00 1197 1683 260 12 7 i 0 200 ey 162 2597 wos ‘Oo 38 000 1002 100 Bat est rd 800 a2 ins inst 218 3 00 000 iter ist 2199 oO nore — 2s ina nisi tc een y i Here 4 ; } FLEXURAL MeMneRs aHEHE eee Hee ee ee eee eee oe eer i ‘TABLE 21 FLEXURE — MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m i PER METRE WIDTH i fag = 15 Nome i fy = 415 Nim? i Thickaess = 175em : i ) Bax ©. seco, o O é a oO QQ oO i o i O ‘ Oo O oO z 2 O B : oO a i 7 j oO 2 | B » Ey a 8 | | i 62 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETETABLE 22 FLEXURE—.MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE fg = 15 Niom? fy= MS Nim? ‘Thickoess = 209m co par, Bar Dianeren, mm: Of ee. 8 0 2 16 18 » 2 B co 5 3B $553 000 000 900 000 000 900 oO : i an 7a bm om Om m : i we #3 as om 30 om «om BED R) a 219 «= 708440 000 000 0-00 00 oo 0 ; 3 tee BS Bos sss eo mae o o vm «483mm 00m a & H ig ba dias Sat Gos tm my i re ae a nS a a ed oO, B00 2376 3558 48 300 ooo 000 oe O00 ‘@) i a a ae a a eS 6 ow = m7 uae goog 0 moma D> oe BS Bo be asr- fm 90 8 Se {7 om a ars Siow om gh BR GO B oo fe iy ie Ses om me «Sag r B om ies; Bes) Sosa oO » 9 15 22 ym mom om om mm H 00 «= 00 249s St wa 900 60 900 ce) B om oo dir ose be SemsRBaD & B oe 9 i Be eo oS Go oe om ote eat TBS O 0 «oto ass as om ome % oo 90 et em 6 nS oem iy Boe om ks sp tis os as oS 3 % oo 00 IH ae 8 ao Se So oR % om eae erent as sR th wm 9 = 9001632 9380s 5324 =o ice 3 om oo ‘om ty ds So Bo oe ow ( & om Sm 0m ie os Bye ais, BRR MY, 3 oo cw = om iso es BH BR c FLEXURAL MEMBERS 6TABLE 23 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN. PER METRE WIDTH | foo 1SNlomy | ‘f= 415 Nit Thickness = 22'Sem oY Sanu see ceeeeueeneeseneeeeeee teas ceoas 7 m6 3 0 2 2 2 o 5 90; 800 oo = ogg 000 & nor Sh es 0 00 : 7 Bs aT 00 Gad 900 oO & is | 2S 8s 000 Ga) 000 _ 5 Bas Geo som 00 = ow 000 | é 3 1 3248 198 000 000 900, | : hom 8 TL 00 = W000 Q RB 00 = 2938 “en 000 0-00 000 | oO Boom | a tae oo 0000 : 0003540 384 00 om (O00 i 1s 0m 378598 00 == om om QO % om 23 90 00 = oma ¢ 7 90 210 3208 00 =m O00 1 000998037 0 =) 0D oO a 00 =m) (O00 : » 00 om 20 oo =o = 900 | oO 0m == oe 365 00 =m) 00 ) B00 800m 00 =o) 00 B 00 o@ Hoe 7% ooo OD : : % 0 © ow Be 762 = 00 - fe 0m © om as Rs om = 900 i % 00 = ow 2 i035 0008.0 | oO Hom | ower a3 tw 000 | 0 = ben 1396 633 ST 00 | : 23 00 = oe as TSE OD | Oo 30 0 = Ow ooo ao 18 000 | : ( 3% 00 = 000 OD Sos a8 ® om 00 900 Bo Se TB O 45 000-00 00 wm SIT ore | : ‘Norn — Zeros indicate inadmissible reiaforement percentage. ¢ i ; a DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETSC ‘TABLE 24 FLEXURE — MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN. PER METRE WIDTH. fe 158i fy s8SNlowt Thine 220 Bax Bax Dasara, asm |! SEA, p@— a" ca 3 10 2 16 @ 7» 2 5-414 136 5M] DO om omy OO é Hs «B88 oeo om mom | § Sa 38 gos rss «own oy 3 oat e782 9678000 oo =o 900 600 oO 3. Ss «4s BLD oe et 10 0% 3937 «90-98 0D 0 om om ome | n $0 300 37830 | Bb So ie «5097807 OM 5B 00 03 es 43D 80D OOM) B $0 a | a a4 1500 268): SSL_—EBD own is oo sp 3) BOGE amaSL oD om] it 00 «00 ea) TSE OOD & oo om da 47% 8 937 oO om Soo 3 00 Oe saaed, SE TSOT TE OUD / 2» om ow so BR Wes seis p95 00 ZH om do Be 10 BH mE S60 000 : B om om ss Be Seis sat se ne 3% oo = bord? Bn oe 2 obo om 50) B18 wn 00 i - € 2 00 om aso, BHD B32 000 7 2% 90 «= om 26 EE 5128 ooo 3% oo = B00) aas SST cc 000 Go 2B om 00 om NBD 645 00 G % 000 = 00D SIT mB 00 : 0 om 9 om BB sos nu 00 oO 380m 25S Sis ie : 000 = 0000s Sot 7300 & 45 000 000 oo | OM BS 5058 1 QO [Nore — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement perontage,TABLE 25 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTH fag 20 Nine — 250 Ni Thickoest = 16-0em Ban Dawers, mm ob, oe | Seacino, 6 3 10 2 7 ou ae 0 om wo i 0 aek hop, omo|2 6% «= iaeg0s 0 $3353] 53898 tHO tz | ag 42 gg ss @ 98 ie ie | 8 ss dm Soe | 7 es re O 396 3 BG Q 16 3.06 538 ie lee 2 Oo a a ms om | > % 2% mT o 3 00 44 6m 936 oO [Noms 1 —Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage, v Nore 2— Bar spacings below the dividing line exceed 34, oO Se ‘TABLE 26 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m Ae ‘PER METRE WIDTH fag = 20 Nm? oO Fy 250 Nira? 0 ‘Thisknes = 00m U O Bax Bax Duwsrres, men Ban ‘Bax Duvarrer, mm Sr, en PR S| seictn0,§ $+ : a6 . 10 nm | cm” 6 3 0 2 1 Py ee ee 2» om 4807251007 : é we ess = ow] | 00] SR GBR 5 res ae ABS 2B RB 1 78 i iss aro | 0s g36 BS § tom te) ato | 48 az BST € sues sss tte | as 0 a BD ~ eo m 3B Be oy | B88 ie Fe ts ee er HEH r BH 1 z ( 3 B00 eT { R 42 @& we be | Boe ee SR Te { 36) DBF ( 358 BSssast | 0 ome ata woe Fa ashes | 35 oop ap gs S87 Ro Be St ete ae | 4 gp om 342 c a : [Novel — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement peerage, [Nore 2 — Bar spacogs below the dividig ine exceed 3d. ‘ | 6 DESIOW AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE |TABLE 27 FLEXURE -MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m PER METRE WIDTH ott too, Se DIT, em we om | » ow oe | H fe ve | 2 oe ue | Boe an | Ro 3t was | 2s ow fa) be | x ow C ie | 3 to lees | be be | 3 oe us | 3 Be | 3-9 pgp $22! pa | gs of Novel — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement perogtage, ‘Nore 2 — Bar spacings below the ing line exceed 3d. oO TABLE 28 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE} OF SLABS, KN.m - PER METRE WIDTH a 3 fag 20 Nima ; Sy = 250 Nieamn? ey ‘Thickness = 130 cm = Bx % sricno, — > DWETE me ) org 6 ‘ S$ 1290 0-00 9? 6 1087 000 C a "Se oo be oo > oo 10 667 000 ) it bor 3300 bo St sot BOSD Fatt ares ae Q 15 ow ass i O80 ae i oe B38 i oe 28 B80 a8 Note 1 — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage. f ‘Nom 2— Bar spacings below the diving line exceed 3d, C FLEXURAL MEMBERS, oTABLE 29 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTH fag = 20 Nhat ‘f=250 Nin? ‘Thickness 140 em Bax Duverer, am Be Bax Duwere, mn er re | sey pm oa we | tC wn us om ow] 2» 0 em 98 29 iis Bo ose fm | noo oe Sa isa Bree oar Bey we ow | Boo | Sa Bg? nse 30) Re jt «ow | bo Se 208 1995 05 Bo 2m doo | 2 000 000 Be Sal 12 we 377 sees | 25 0m) 0m 783g 8st ee Ha Bn jeer | 3s 90) Om 10 rar eo 133 219s 5a | O00 om T36 = 1038 1136 Set tee as Saat | de 0) 0101001670 0 ive ia ose | 2 om «oo Gao ur eT ow wa 179s 2890 | 39 oa 936 1867 ow Be be 2M) 3s ow s2_01_ [9 S00 BRE eee erate era eee oo. Gi tom ea 3563 | 4 000 bea Oe OR Nore| — Zeros indiat insdnisible reinforcement perezntage. [Nore 2 — Bar spacings below the evidinglne exe 34. TABLE 30 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTA fg 20 Ninn 2250 Nh? Bax Bar Duaweren, mom Sracixo, om 6 3 10 5 1538 2587 3765 $ 92 2138 231 7 ms 104 BT 8 380 1682 2st 3 75 1505 2258 10 790 Be st au 720 ieee i879 a ar 14s 133, 3 00 100 1608 6 00 987 1499 5 0-00 974 s40s is 0-00 as 132 1 00 838 iar 8 0-00 174 1a »B 000 14 122 » 000 698, 10-68 2 600 665 1018 2 000, 635: 914 B 900 09 933 a 000 00 596 25 0-00 900 61 36 0-00 909 59 Bn 00 900 79 % 000 900 Tm » 00 000 5 30 000 9.00 72 35 000 0-00 O00 4% 000 000 0-00 8 0-00 000 000 [Nore —Zerosladicate inadmissible reinforcement peleent [Nore 2—- Bar spacings below the diviiog line exceed 3d. ‘Thickness = 1506m 16 119 3 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE I {TABLE 31 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTH on 6 é 10 ' 3 we 3133 . 6 ise | 7 rea 294 8 Ie 2023 8 104s 1809 10 ous 1636 000 n O00 1633 000 BR 000 1373 200 B ‘O00 270 2 re 000 ihe 5695 5 00 1196 408 16 0-00 1038 SEst a 00 979 4853 8 0-00 9:26 4670 3 900 78 65 é 2 oo co 4278 2 900 0 4r05 2 000 O00 3945 B 9 0-00 3796 4 O00 3658 5 2 00 0-00 3530 t 2% 0.00 000 30 2 00 900 3298 B 000 000 3193 » 00 900 3098 2 0-00 oo 3002 FY 6-00 000, 2609 a 9-00 000 2307 % 000 00 2068 Nore — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage. i‘TABLE 32. FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTH = 20Njont So vo Nant mine = 20cm Bax Dugas, mma 3 io RB ar) 2 a 8 wm a 1405 ee om oman ue GG $0 = 000 OD ao 38H 08 = 000 8D Bes sass 00 = 08D ae or 488 ws Oto OO we 205 on eo om om Om” ai 38s TM se 00 OD BH 35 oa OOO Wat Bet a8 is 8 et 00 Be hw” ives 33 GI Teak 00 1s ne en ne 38% aes ot” i ooo =a H855 ea Bi Gu | he (Om 7 om = Oars) Das we est ors i oo = ow ess 7 a Sousa 1603 B Go do 7 = Be Ga Bea Te D om 0m ass as eB pe Tas Rom = om eas in arse Serr ores QO 2 tm om ae ism Ses rat Sass a3 B om fy Bos leer er 35k 6 i % om = 0m BST jest BOSSES 0 2 00 «= 0 ng Tas sss agg as 2 00 = 90th? gal jeg er Ak 5598 oO 2% om = oom Sa 3s os S40 S50 Oo 2% $0 = 8m 857 ue BB BM % om =m Ta6 0% 6B 85ST 2» oa = om oma we sate 3 oo = om 0029 3330 jo Seal @ oo od = 09900 Bo pa or 3m 4% 00 = 50) ES a od [Nove — Zeros indicate inadmisibleeiafercerent peerage, 0 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE 2 ge ONT Re ee re ennTABLE-33 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTH fxn 2 Nlom2 f=250 Nina? Thicknes => 25cm Ba Bax Daseres, am snicxo, con @ 16 s @ z 3 ur a wm om 000 om ow $ he 86 Seo cn a ) i in os 123s 080) geo. § ibs 306 es 9) SOD 3 ‘tm ate So “esr uo GaD 1 00 ane 28 1962300000 i bo be BB M9 aD R oo eae 3 po 19 O00 Bow leat Bao 'Sem oan Room 1593 Sa 6m ae Se Owe. om 0 BE 616s sats Fr oo as | en ssrs “Spas Hom bm oe 6 Bal 343) Bo bo So S39 ser B. B om oe on Re Gs one me » 9% om ay ps ge oo BH fis Tal Seale B $m ooo HS ek ar GT Tras 3 B om oo seat Re Ges fase % 90 O00 uO wat So26 Tiss z 25 000 0-00 3338 098 4896 Shs OS) Mf 3 om on Bie Ba eS H 0m ooo in ou GB Bee ¢ % 90 Goo we ae Ste 3 3 0m O00 236 er 2 9m oon Be ss ages soa 8 bm ow am Bs 88 ER Re % 50 Go a hee ian 1 ‘ om oe we Bee Lait oO [Nora — Zeros indicate inadmissible relforceaneat percentage. FLEXURAL MEMBERS n‘TABLE 34 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN. PER METRE WIDTH fag 20 Nin? i ‘f= 250 Ninn? J ‘Thickness = 25°0cm 9 Cy Bax ¢ eg ePaper Q rr : 3 o sms 4n 1 000 ¢ Be fs | on 00 i iss os eG Deo ry & 0 font dene 00 t a ee ooo 8 1 000 4s ars 000 > Hom 2238 Sea ooo Boe | 3bss 3186 00 Bo oom «gor at ooo 3 a i nasi CO 15 000 000 2543. 12193 oO te = boas tees Oo Hf 00 =o Hos ¢ % ooo = 0) His0 loser Oo a a ir & 00 «= ots 9691 Ho «= ba 5506 } Bote = boon sat B om do on ies Roto | 88 oo ae oO 2 00 © 0 om sore % 00 oe Oe re Zz 00 © oot 1436 oO % to = bo ow cre} B 00 0 OD ist Oo 2 0 00 «om an oO 3 to Smo Se : @ oo ow om as fi & wm 0 ot me 7 Nom —Zero i n DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETETABLE 35 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m’ PER METRE WIDTH Sag = 2 Nico? gra wads ate by, Ba Br, he ax Dy ie atthe, > oe | 2 sg gown ig 2 elf 2 g wom a S 8) # Bo Be : 38 S S/R oi Bag : B re a 10 mm 0:00 2 000 SST 833 1236 a 3 @ Sle wo mae Bog ms ili B® BB Re hos eos | BOER Ba re ie mou |e Boe eB i ry 486 U6 494 + a fad a BO eS 2m — 2 iin ante nic 1 brn ra a TABLE 36 FLEXURE—~ MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m PER METRE WIDTH = ONimm I isNimat risa as be Dg os bax Dag ie a ee ee ee if 8 8 elt 8 2 Bw ey io 8B Ble @ ae Ee ie Re B® Be se a ge ie 333 BS 8 |g Bo RR Re e ay wa we om | om eee eo be ow ge] gots se Be BG ith ee tm | Bo sen i 29 oo a7 824118 38 “oh ase | Bg 2m ge oe &@ oR |e & gw Be 19 47 sie bees EEE ee EEE Ete eee Eee a Note — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage "Nore 2 — Bar spacings below the di FLEXURAL MEMBERSBax Duveren, um ‘ 8 0 ist 000 om ise) 352500 Be 22 om Bor 1953. 3 OL 575 val 16 230° 89 15082193 $395 oo 1S 287 ©1306 7B paz 17s 371683 2 T1590 sat 12 SOT S095) La 5a OAR A363 PER METRE WIDTH 2559 2395 26 218 Dae, 19: 1860. TABLE 37. FLEXURE—-MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m Sg Not fy = Ms Nit Thickne’s = 120cm oP Bax Datos, mm prensa et oa 6 ® i D 0 = 8 LaF Ho 0 B28 te THs RB om 733 11 1638 B 9m Felts, Ss % om 730156 2 otto % om = 67 tot Ta Hom =z 86s m 00 63 $5 Bm 2» 00 = 9D ogo 5503 tao 39m 000 7m 1076 # 000 Gao 80 a es a) Nore — Zeros indices inadmisite reinforcement percentage, [Nore 2— Rar spacings below the dividing fine exceed 3d. TABLE 38 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m PER METRE WIDTH Ban Bax Doerr, mm Bax SercmG, = ___| extra, 6 0 2 16 900 © 000 © ow | 20 000 © 000000 | at ooo © 900 ow | 3m ©9000 | 3 21 0m =o | 24 2654 000 ow | 25 251 39 © ou | 36 nm 39 ©6000 | 2 ar ess om | de 199 2687 om | 28 12 2538 000 | 99 1787 2406000 1673 ee 000 | as 158 2174 00D | 0 i 75 om | gs NOTE 1 — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage. [Nore 2— Bar spaciogs below the dividing line exceed 3d. fog 20 Nloame J = 4sNiow Thickaest = 100m Ban Doseree, mm ee 6 8 10 a oo 9591443 8s 00 © 9161379 2B 00 ©6876) eer 00 839268 769 00 © «805 ibB 2677 ow = 775 a3 2550 000 7451140 om = 7291091 Me 00 635 Io st 2339 00 6 6% «1020, 230 oo 650988376 a 96 D0 000311921949 00 © 0007501052738 a a a 1” DESIGN AIDS FOR RENNFORCED CONCRETE40945 ‘TABLE 39 FLEXURE —MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.m PER METRE WIDTH fog Noam? Fats Nina? ‘Thicknat = 140 em oP, Bax Duusewa, mm sts Bax Dusan, ma IS ge | 05 = m6 + 0 2 6 | m 6 8 10 16 $ 249 3529 000 ogo og | 20 00 © tosses ares tas § 1908-3130 000 © 0 om | 2 om) tosis ass SIE 1 W656 24s 2000 om | om S88 ss) 00 S97 $42 m7 3526 000 | 2 Ow) Sik Ist 930 0h 9 1509 m0 3205 O00 | HOD BaD 19 18s 90s 9973854 © 000 | 25. 000 ass are. 2800 umm ese Zee 360m | 26 BoD Reins tas rar 2 99 169 3512 Om | ow Ta? MTS6 ber 00 HB 9m 15% en er © 9m | 8 OOD adits ek 2608 4 ss en 2193 BB OM | 3s OOD 734 is Ise Beat $7 wes; wei bm |) oo oto toes _ ahs i 738 i298) Ie Bs) 0 H do as tw eat fm | | 38 000 ow 94s [arse 09 «el 1746 OL 000 | 49 0 000-821 ask 1914 ¢ 9 000 «1 ier 5D sar | 4S OOD OGD a3 NOT [Nowe 1 — Zeros indicate nadmisible reinforcement percentage. oO [Nofe 2 — Bar spacings below the dividing line exceed 34. S) O° QO om FLEXURAL MEMBERS. 6‘TABLE 40 ELEXURE-MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTH fg= 0Nooa f= MSNinest Thickness = 10cm Ban Bax Duwerer, me [Nore | — Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement peccentage. ¢ [Nore 2 — Bar spaciags below the dividing line exceed 24. 16 DISSIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETTTABLE 41 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m PER METRE WIDTH fi = 20 Nit fp =85 Naum? ‘Thickness = 175 em Bae Bax Duseren, min seActvo, cm 6 3 0 2 6 8 » 5 Be 82 00 000 000 99 & dos as 33 200 00 o 5 Bie 163 5323 000 00 f igor no 86 oss 000 000 XO 5 ihe Be 3135 oo 0 © 0 isa 260 393 5303 200 990 a ior ais 3610 ote 20 000 2 rt Bas 38 09 00 00 Biter wet 31. aes 000 900 1% 00 im 201 338 O00 000 1s 000 1802 un ara 000 200 Ig 000 igat 64 i S00 00 a 00 1399 wet Be 00 200 8 000 BB not ass on 800 iB 500 39 ahaa sont se03 000 2» 000 Be ne a0 sn om 2 000 Bor ioe Bs Ber 00 2 900 ea? 101 i638 an 00 B 500 i134 ten iss, a8 18 28 000 00 150 232 an $0 25 00 om 1635, a0 4651 337 oO 28 000 000 16321 Bs 07 sh a O00 000 Se 2136 Bes 07 25 000 00 Bo iim an om re) is 00 00 teed loss ator as x0 0-00 000 en 938 2R 634 ry 33 200 $00 ina rar eas oot Q o 000 000 ‘000 it 2% 3646 3 00 00 000 Bs me a c ‘Nort — Zeros indicate inadmisible reinforcement percentage. FLEXURAL MEMBERS n‘TABLE 42 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, KN.n PER METRE WIDTH rE > = "¢ 8 © 2 % « » B® 5 un 06 BHT Om om” ¢ Bo Se Bh ot 6 ttm om {Ee se gi wa BR om fe tm tw 3 Be Bo Ses Tous ca = tm tao | 3 8 | ee Om OD 1 179-5348 ods om ow om ome to i ih me | Et Sle 88 Sw Bw Z ‘om io Ss Sm 8 Go co co ow a et a cs a a SY ct es a a 15 00 1h «9s was momma oo % 00 bw i 3; ome OD i 00 ins «wo ok St} = aD B oo He dsl we oss | somo} : i 19 0-00 1675 2857 3578 $879 I 000, 0-00 000 f oO RD om 159k ass we gs as gogo” b 2 00. «000 ST 351 wD 74S$ OOD B oo to BA im fim ais oo = Gap Oo B te to ie be ob | Se Be fm OM C 2% ceo 00 as) gra 68 a ry er a ee, ee ee ee ee eee) oO % tm oe ie ke to Se su Ha Sm ho tm fm ite 3m on Bis a oe Ow. | A tm 3m 6 es SO S86 3s] | oO % bm ohh HOS ak 8S eT OD 8 i te te be fe St be Sela i | oO S oo OB He vn fr 6 Be Ge} $ co cm oo re me be hs SOL | O Nots— Zeros indicate inadmissible reinforcement percentage, | © 8 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETEy= 415 Not fag ON? Thicknest = 250m 2 KN Ban Datos, me. 2 Fo 8 TABLE.43 FLEXURE—MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, PER METRE WIDTH" he SSE82 22282 e888 ge8te S8888 SERRE S885 BSGEE 8888 SREES BEEEE a8885 ESERE SERE e685 ‘FLEXURAL MEMBERS‘TABLE 44 FLEXURE —- MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SLABS, kN.m i PER METRE WIDTH fag 2Nimm? 15am 250cm Bax Davere, rt i ——_— eee See i ¢ 3 0 @ 16 s » 2 3 | use 5 000m oo me Gxe | Sts ash to a fs oo tbe bo oe HS ba 4B toto oo Be | SIS On om oa 400 ss ase 356 0 fo fost) Tao om to SO Ta His3 “0 fo 3th oo Geo os as Stas oT 00 om 09 aguas” s0 oa Go oe ws et to - H oo om 36m Shas ts93 800 i is Oo O00 ere 898 LTT 000 | 6 B 90 08) See M658 oo t 2 0% 00 3H 4 ree om i R fe oo se Se fie o99 j oO B Ge oe was oo B om o% ma Bass ce Rote. tease a om : O 2% 0 02833 asBs OS mess | % Ge oe tide : Ste = tw) “tw 536 Hess oO RB Go 0 = owls 3) 3 Sm fm os S298 feat oO % 000 © ago me stat 10533 a 35 0-00 0-00 000 52 4437 9275 rt a i an 6 i a a a ay 4 Nora — Zeros indicate inadmissible einforcement percentage. CQ 80 DDESION AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE |‘TABLE 45 FLEXURE — REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY REINFORCED SECTIONS a fog = 15 Nf O “fr 250 Nia® Oo Mba, tit 005 aid = 010 aia = 015 a= 0 oF Pree eee eee rere ee c Now? Fe Pe vi Pe P & 1323 ooo: 1322 1333 003 QO 13) oar 398 re ou” & Hs fon Tag 131 gap ie fos a tt Oo Koo Oe Bao isos re ora 13 ome te = oy 1a he usr he tai Tor Siar he ties i330 Oar iat aoe 15 OH 1545. 0232 024s 1587 0276 13s} oa tes B38 ie Oar oa Te Oaes tee Oan O33 im: Oe 16656 0387 oan i owe f oan oa te ie ba oa ie Oa I oar ass re Tess oan ie 1p one ose a ta aor 335 Ho 8a 13588 ose 28 ia 1860 O55T 0588 1961 061 ? ies OSH oe 19d we sa my oR . ir (Ge oon ie One Tsetse om 0s Gare isn one SOB 2029 0732 O73 ty Re fmt on ti oS oO oe cas im (fan ie oat oa ime (Oo 5 ins Om ont iim | ae > nosy oso ; iin = tan oan Bs ISH G zis Sant 0357 io i ie ten 3a tin 06 2 O38 1910 Pet ke QO am om 1036 : 7 Fie Voor oss Os it ie ie es ) pa Lost His Bas as 2368 1082 142 2565 1284 FLEXURAL MEMBERS aQQ OR > OR Bases Bsus B BSS: id= 010 % did = 015 % 1165 sm DESION AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE‘TABLE 47 FLEXURE—REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY REINFORCED SECTIONS aia=010 — re Fe 2702 omg 223 ons 228 Oo, ‘oosT 229 Os 235 nat 230 O88 0106 ons FLEXURAL MEMBERS POA or( | cK $a | | oO ‘TABLE 48 FLEXURE— REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY . 3 REINFORCED SECTIONS & | U 9 a= Nina? | Q ‘fy 2250 Nimmt Oo ) 0) Malt, aid = 010 ad = 015 dao f _ ens ; } Nin 7 7 7 m | 448 261s 006 264s oO + Peo ont) es) Ot € a3 Pop OMG 2S US fo 20 oars, 8am Oo 6s 27 1h 2S 470 201s 2th : ay 415 2 O161 2801 on 8 % sti) ~ 485 2s 0219 2858 0233 Q 430 anos bes) o 435 29 © or (216 Oo 500 aor O35 aes 7 503 798 tas 3513 { QO 510 feat 363, Fon i sas 3008 Os 3031 | $2 3035 ova 3.059 | O 8 se 838 / 330 309 Owe QO 539 Bie Oso Has Q 540 sa Ose He Oo 8 m | ed 533 Yar bast i - ie 310g i Oo 5G yim 00318 570 3305 om ae 5 58 sone te O 580 3359 O76r 340s : | 543 3 Oak | & 50 sid ms Hee et 595 SH 0853 1 i ‘ 500 Ha Om 2 i ( 693 en i © 10 me 7 613 53808) | O 60 34 osm 3576 get I 625 33058 = bas Vous Ss 830 333 os Sos | 633 or tases) Bat i 640 sae PGT Seek i | ¢ 64s aor omega C 30 sense Bar 633 ym Sk 500 yt Me 3p 364 € oss Sie is? Sagas 33 { 7 co DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE - iTABLE 49 FLEXURE— REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY } REINFORCED SECTIONS fee= 15SNimm* fy = ASNicom* #1d=005 #id=010 tid =015 tid=029 ; ey Paes { Pe Pt Pe 0.003 070 00 8009 on = ood 20% O79 OoMs 08 ol bom 0089 om OU or 037 01s o16 oe as ; 190 os = Oz oa bos 358 029 ose 80 20 100 os an ioe 030 oa Toes 0388 ost ri a0 aot 50 oes 0432 in os 5 oa 121s Os38 oe 0492 te os ose Tmo Sets oss cs 1 0583 135” ons i oss ie ont O68 har Ofas oes Hs Oat ' O80 nie Oae O | o734 1509 oss | O16 Tl Oaks | t oe 13m Oat ons as (0956 ous (Sot Q 0885 1619. 0942 1672 1026 O : oss fee Ons ont i oss go tor ist Ts > j oss Lm t ) j eos m2 ron a6 i I 1036 173 1103 4835 1201 1329 i hog = Tae gt Ete 1368 ! - Ts fae 6850) (a1 i Eas 8s 1m T3 Fae 16 L Hsp 186138 ras i ny gta tm tat 12 a } 127198) 38830 Ra 150 J i 1247 1388 1329 2-063 14g 160t | Him 2019 330s ant 160 | oso) ST ree { | . a i Q 1 j FLEXURAL MEMBERS 85 } |TABLE 50 FLEXURE—REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY REINFORCED SECTIONS f= Nom f= ASN mane, _ ldo aid=010 aida + aia=070 Pee ee eee eee Pett % a Re Pe R - te Ose att Sack Sak oars oa o a a Be oe ye ime ae Son 08s oo oO 310 1058 103 1060 109 os ON 19 mwa ose om : so See oi 2 6 ye 6B one Saas 038 3 On 3 oe £ so tas ass oor Oo 30 10 os 03s 0365 { 33 OS Bde 366 ois t 3 taste oa cas ° i 06 Bite 07 oes ? Hate oan ose ¢ “aso e307 ose e @ Ee ote fed io i loge ose oe i 40 sae cas cep Oo io | i O35 oe out am ret oss oe 03 ors O io Tso Oa 1330660 O79 O86 40 1580 0650 1614 oR 0754 0835 $00, 1609 0680 1645, ons 0789 0874 so iss omt tens? as 058 30 tes) omt tom o3 os : 30 iS) Oe ons oar 0 0 YRS a2 1768 854 0330 1030 300s Oey S38 tee by 3o 0 Oita ton 108 i $70 ‘1813 0893 1861 0-952 1036 © 447 i 50 tse Oak Tastee ton tes ( 30 tg Sasa gate Hor is © oe = tots, ta tee Tose so ifs Sha nn 133 O on 1959 ous. 2014 14 1213 1342 oe SR tee Bas Tats Be it se 407 «= top, bore, a tas bat ( es iy = Hor Tait ie i @ oo fester eT ie ro fi om us tug? ne rst © oo Fie ah Bate i isn fo es «tet To cd tae jo Hn i) Bala 105 tes i bs 1333 18 86 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE m:C‘TABLE 51 FLEXURE—REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY REINFORCED SECTIONS: | I i fag 25 Niromt % | ‘Ge Ms Nom? CK = a=0 [= a | Beer ee cere eee eee eer oe i am? R Fe a fe a Pe Re Fe nei | 46 1 e002 197 oo 1197 ‘0903 1137 0003 | 38 BtoB oO ' ee @ fe Bo a Be : ns a a a a a a cr | i 390 1335 oy 138 ots ats 30 ants : 40 0 iss Chey, m5 Gaeta Sas 4100 Kaus Oss H88 Oat ae Oza tsk 4m = rats, s OS su ae a0 ems) ates OD +0 a7 = 0314870 asee tsar $20 8 oe oa 8 2 fee Be mw BS 4m = Tasso Te OND i 40 0 ro ae tots ws : fo tag ak i oat Oe I so tes Osh t cms ee tee ‘520 1-705 0535 1733 1765 0620 1800 0687 | 330 17a O88 6h ir 0a TS OG ! 40 1763 0596 2795 1830 oe 1869 O66 i 50a fa om sok s ! so. Tats? ase Te (O15 Oa Fo Yast O88 i Om tos ate 5000 tego OTB a Ht 50 1909 oma 1948 1993, 0869 203 0962 6m 18 is as ome torte 11967 2010 os sa 1586 zou Fe Oeste a so be ton ri toh 6 2055 210 216 oe ats 1: 652s Bg he tem 186 so |B 268 zm te Bows a8 oO 670 2442 2195 2284 Hs 2320 Var Pee 7 eo bin fas te TSS i 690 2201 2256 2319 124 2389 1356 + rm 330 Bn Bt ta Bak 393 mo 3359 2318 i 35h tesa Tse 1» 2288 2H 122 2417 1331 2493 164 i) i eT 2am ses 70 2u6 2410 1287 2482 1-402 2382 1552 ) 10 2376 241 130 2514 187 237 1S Hi to bas peat kL I 70 > 2503 1385 350 1508 266 16 ! ro hae rai? eek O LBXURAL MEMERS "7‘TABLE 52 FLEXURE—REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY REINFORCED SECTIONS Q fc= S0Ninat ° Ba MSNinat 4 Q afd 015 [d= 020 A Ss R Pe mi Re Q 136 90m oo = 142 0000 oon oO Tas Doss 20 Tis ow oi 10 Oa out 1583016 ous tes ase 020 tee ais 220 tei 0210 2300 130305 on img on ox ime oan oss tn bas cass rea aay O48 Te (OMS O37 1909 os o: Ba Be ose 154 oa oss reat 0686 cs} ons 2 ose ons Fiat ons ous zit om ots Fn ous iam aa 0333 ms oare 9973 Her oie Yon 200380, Tas Hs oes ie BS Tat rat 28 Lost 1 Fer 143 1210 1s 10 Pes et +30 81200 1 O 2 126 18 v 235 ian Fae os 107 ras he a bas Fer a9 tar pm tate 1361 ais 150 bee 2m 4a6 ree im ie 1988 ( Bee is 88 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETETABLE 53 FLEXURE—REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY REINFORCED SECTIONS fig= 15Nlom* = S00 Nim? a1a= 010 ea=01s 142020 cS ea geese eee akc mt Fe fe ooo 68 009, O55 005 Oa no) on Oe 0138 O73 O15 O80 193 = O7sT oni | OTke ous Ott 076 ome 0303 (Os 030 Og? 0338 = 05g 0385 OG ous 974 ou 1001 os me ows 1485 OS 1082 O30 1409 om 1136 ves 1468 oez = 1490 oe LatT osy 1a ons tan 198 078 Bs om 13 osm 139 oa 106 om ase os 1461 os ARB 092 ss 091582 ros 1868 Fos 1396 ron 1a 19 1650 1% kei sk Me 3h i208 1458 PLEURAL MEMBERS PyGo ‘TABLE 54 FLEXURE—REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY REINFORCED SECTIONS f= DN/romt 4= SON t1d= 010 ad=015 1d—000 h | | | Pe Po A Pe Pe Pe Ph Pe 6 2 8 8 2 ee we mm 0 3 = om uss ot sO os co 2B G @ RB ie a a ome foe om omy ome win , BS wom mom ge sg 8 3 Oot sbgesOas Oe cass Gis gaat =e 340 0934 188 0955 0568 0255 np 8 & OR a 2 ee 8 “ 30 0983 0738 ‘1009 0786 102s ost ¢ 370 ‘1007 0264 0237 1036 0316 1054 0359 a 2H @ 8 o 8 ee ee e 2 1B BB an oO 410 104 0365 0397 rs 0438 119 o4sT C 2 oi Be ng wg Zoe & 2 eB o #8 & Be ie ‘ fog 8 i ig 02 i i ee a We tm aR oy CG 4n 129 osi7 058 17 eat 132 705 gf oe H 2 8 8 @ 7 # 2 & a oe me Oo 500 anos oes tas Onn as ek = meow oe eae » 8 & eo o £8 B B a £2 # # 2 og 2 6 0 OT om tas Sa fe $0 167 0-745 ost rssL 0895 1600 sos : g ow Bf 2 me ee O $80 Isis 0796 1658. A084 © 2 BB ee og 2 8 SR GC 610 ‘1588 0873 1686 1047 14 620 ‘1612 0-898 4713 1078 1773 2 2 # woe 640 1661 0949 ‘167 1139 1830 ne mo OB C 6 1709 0999 1821 1-200 I © 2 mR 2 BS B i BoB 2 8 Bw » ‘DESIGN AIDS POR REINFORCED CONCRETS‘TABLE 55 FLEXURE—REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY ‘REINFORCED SECTIONS: Sx= 25 Nf? ‘%=S0Ninnt 7 =01 aianens d= eae re eee eee a ee eee Nomt % % Re Pe m 333 ots amas amt oss ceo cr re 03 = ce 50 ood 09) Som Go 3 = room, Yess yas oes) re Oi 30 ois 050 Ones se fos Osta ie 9am im oi), ig aa ‘3s ae oo OH Om os Mis) a8 a sms era is abe 40 i 13am 1% ow Oa os 138 Oa ia Oa ute (op Sale 4 igs stg 10 Oa. ota oes) SO Be OSE 40 tm ose 138 os oF oa west esd smote oar tat (es ose S003 Oss? a Tat O87 3 0a Oa sO 13 Ost ee en eee 12 ones so 0 ke Osa io Om 53 055s los ts O56 so 0 ws) sas OL 139 STS Os Tatas ie Ses re ee ress so 0 ise) casts tome Oe Tee 895 Sm = tsk? iB Os so ele «me hess Set 620 1640 0733 1679 0797 0999 60 seh 07S) moms eo tes Oak Hw) 3 eo 13s) 8 SL so tse) Tae oo el Okt ONE 6m Somers ae 084 so mp = osteoma yo tae as soso Ho FB g9eh tm tor Hehe yo ya ogee These 7 1906 rots 1960, 1100 2019 1: 383 its TBR Tai je) 6 hiss : Ht ee eS 1 FLEXURAL MEMBERS ada = 008 Pe a Re 3302 159 11g (00s 1208 oad 1232 0s 1255 130 12856 ¥305 1a 1330207 13530333 1370059 POL 0384 ¥6 0310 14500336 14740361 14980387 152 O43 137 ate sn 468 159580 1S Osis Yes Ost 1663566 re sm Is oss 17 (0683 $765 oes 17 OS 13 O70 yer 0746 161 om 880787 90 Oats 19408 19g ogre 195 0300 2007 «(ans 2031 0951 208 (0977 2079 100 2103 10 218 1954 2n 1079 2176 Fos REINFORCED SECTIONS a & 82888 Bs S S8e) Bo 8888 GEESE BEQEE HEE 3g388 SoUSE SBR 888 2 HES S eee EE 58583 HORS ge883 88628 2085 2105 2136 Det 29 Das on 2299 TABLE 56 FLEXURE—REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGES FOR DOUBLY f= 30Njont Jy~ SON? a}a= 020 Re Pe r3s ons Kes Oa Bag 28 au 886 a aa a ° y é 3 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETETABLE 57 FLEXURE—LIMITING MOMENT OF RESISTANCE FACTOR, Mora/bwd?f» oD FOR SINGLY REINFORCED T-BEAMS, N/mm* G7 250 Nfonon* oO 036 0149 0-267 0985 ost 0739 0857 0975 12it {} So 1S tle fae cas ip Gas O98 1 6 oa Sie om o Gi ome Tour Has : 33 tie tan On teu Gre gn Loe ie } ble 0213 aot o& the Sant te 1 Q oa ou 0777 ae omy Osis 1083 1298 $2 G18 ohm bao oss tae Lose tis a cB bie 0260 a2 tes Ome oats 18 132 O oh fle can ale Se Ons | Gas Ta 138 cB i the Oa oes 0ms 03m 185 136 FLEXURAL MEMBERS 3 aL®) °C 7 TABLE 58 FLEXURE— LIMITING MOMENT OF RESISTANCE FACTOR, Mosalbed? fx, |! é FOR SINGLY REINFORCED T-BEAMS, N/mm? QO y= 415 Nia? . 7 | oO bilbe : Due . 2 030) 4SsCHSCSC«C / 096 oie 019007602 ons on osm osts oo iss ose Oza 02902 Gals OOD | oO 008 O12 0207 «Om 02% «0409 Oa Ose ale O, oe Dime 215-0283 Gat «O30 Ose «Oma Oaas . 10 im 02230285308 Oa) Oa OMS OTT | oO on ois = 0731 O77! 034031 OMG OMES OSD. | on O18 0239 OD 0390390 OD ost , ob Sis 0247 «aml Gass | Oa Od OIE Oo oe 01% ©0254 «O32 O8D moat OS c on 62m. 2a O38 «bas OS OSL Oe | oy 016 02m 02 ©0335) ou ones os sse SR | Oo oy 027 © 027 «348 Oa Oats SSE 0683 i 8 all oa 3s 0303 Ose on ae ow 02s Om ae ass os O78 9 020 0218 02990379 as) OS) ORD O70 TED on O21 0305 oa oat 0584) os) om one Oo on 24 0808s Oat ses «Ogham © ox om Ose bam) Oa) O57) Os OTS al O34 022 0318 ats OBE Oss Oo ONS OD oO 035 020 © 0323s, 0807 eto Oe OTE OTe 7 026 07 037704 OsIs os OTs O80 es on 02s «ola OmS Oa OsOls 2 028 O27 0336 «Ost aso OTs Oa OD 029 029 «03 OHO Oss OT eas O8a6 040 Ot OH Os esd OTST OR (O868 C o ost 02 04 04st oss) o5s4 oT TS_ 032 023 0333 baw) Ser «Gers O72 Oa T i oO 033 028 0357 Odee © O8Te © Osns «O95 «OSH LOE | © oa 020 «3s «as Oa OE 0319 100 O35 022 03650473052 0705 Oss LOK6 Oo 036 0254 ©0369 Mss 0600716808870 | - om 02% ©0373 O48] «Oa Os «OBL 038 0238037)? Oele «Ota Oss OTS Lae Oo 0% 020 «O38 © 083 Oat O Tag «| ORO L110, e on oie OO Oa | Otss Oa) om 6 i on 026 038054 oe OTs osm Sa oO og 26 ©0393 Osm) Dee? OTs «Osea 136, o6 0267 © 0396s Oss CTO oR LD Oras 0268 © 0403s Oat Oras ame Luss LT O og zn = Oa 0537 OTD Gans OG «Lees 1201 C ( i C ; i 4 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCHD CONCRETE a‘TABLE 59 FLEXURE LIMITING-MOMENT OF RESISTANCE FACTOR, Mastalbad? fot, FOR SINGLY- REINFORCED T-BEAMS, N/mm* f= 00 Ninn 7 PAlbn mt ote Co ee es 005 0130159 0263 0289 «31s 0367 009 01001330175 O17 «0133 On2 80 O69 Oss O57 O18 0133006 Oa OST | OG OTT ODL O19 0133210 0516 «0593 «O67 07470803 020 © 01330213 053) «Gell Oes OT O8S0 om: 0133 oats 0583 0G © 07070789 022 «O13 0217 0535 «0g | 0723 080R (ORI 02301330720 0566 © 048308902612 02 0133 omm2 OST 0655 O75 O84 0933 025013304 0589 © O68) OTT] «ONE 5S 026 01330206 06 03076 ©0890 9Ts 027 (O13 0209 Osi! 0705 «osm «8985 028 O13 Oat 062 0719 «0817 Os, 02 029 (O13 0283 oe «0720832 09%) 10 03 Ors 0743 068s © O75 090506127 03301330285 OS «0808092010345 036 © 0133248 om 0829 09% 163 0370133050 O76 «OH OMD 055 LIBT 038 01330282 Omsk 096208199 0390135 Ons «Gas OST6 F087 EIT 040 ©0133 0255 O78 0858 0980 HZ 1235 oa) 01330287 o7ss os = rome asa 01 0259 O76 «os LOK? 270 04 ©0133, O6t OT «0902 10 MsB 1287 ods = 04330263 O73 © 0913103 7s L308 04 © O18 065 0783 085) F056 1B 1320 FLEXURAL MEMBERS 95A, 45 i i iLj 3. COMPRESSION MEMBERS 3.1 AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION ‘MEMBERS: ‘All compression members are to be designed for a minimum eccentricity of load in two principal directions. Clause 24.4 of the Code Specifies the following minimum evceatri- ty, enis for the design of columns: > subject to a minimum of nia 505 * 3 2em. where is the unsupported length of the column Gee 2413 Bi cobb definition of ‘unsupported a pi te nteral dinetsion ofthe column in the direction under consideration, ‘After determining the ecoentrcity, the section should be designed for combined axial load and bending (Se 3.2). However, as simplii- cation, when. the value of the mininiam ccventricty calculated as above is less than or equal to 005D, 383 of the Code permits, the design of short axially loaded compression _ members by the following equation: Pax 04 fg Ae 067 fy Ase where 7 Pais the axial load (ultimate), ‘dc is the area of concrete, and. “eis the atca of reinforcement. ‘The above equation can be written as, Pwd ja de 4) 4 0004-24 where Ags the gross area of cross section, and iis the percentage of reinforcement, Dividing both sides by 4s, Fa o4sa( - i) +0874 by 04 fx + FOOL ~ O4f0 Charts 24 to 26 can be used for designing short columns in accordance with the above ‘equations. In the lower section of these charts, Py/de has been plotted against ieinforcement’ percentage p for different grades of concrete. If the cross. section of the column is knowa, Py/d can be calculated ‘and the reinforcement percentage read fiom the chart. In the upper section of the charts, Paldg is plotted against P, for various values of Ay. The combined use of the upper and COMPRESSION MEMBERS ower sections would eliminate the need for 4ay calealation, Ths i patina oth as an aid for deciding the sizes of columns ‘at ‘the preininary design st i Ree of multin Example $ Axially Loaded Column Determine the cross section and the reinforcement required for an axially loaded colume with the following data: Factored load 3.000kN Concrete grade M20 Characteristic strength of 415 N/mm* reinforcement Unsupported length of = 30m column, The cross-sectional dimensions required will depend on the percentage of reinforcement, Assuming 1-0 percent reinforcement and referring to Chart 25, Required cross-sectional area of columo, ‘4g = 2700 cmt Provide a section of 60 x 45cm. Area of reinforcement, Ay = 10x 2X45 = Ze We have to check whether the minimum cocentricity to be considered is within 0-05 times the lateral dimensions of the column. In the direction of longer dimension, ; 1D aio = oy + a =I 5 B06 420— 260m 01, eia!D = 26/60 = 0-043 In the direction of the shorter dimension, 30 x10, 45 a fan a + 5g = OS+ 15 =21 om 0, ata = 21/45 om 01047 ‘The minimum eccentricity ratio is less than 005 in both directions. Hence the desiga of the section by the simplified method of 38.3 of the Code is valid. 32 COMBINED AXIAL LOAD AND UNIAXIAL BENDING As already mentioned ia 3.J, all compression members should be ‘desigoed for 99 5.0 nae an AO, OD 2-0. Oy, Ons > o ONO oO 5D R a Ooo Co SOn : s ay i Hl Bes sage a 3 ; a a at a 2is ip Fi I Evite i I i i = & I i 4 FE 5, i E Q@oo i i z é :| E ¢ : 3 z g i TOrOs © ith ROW OF REINFORCEMENT STRAIN DIAGRAMS 0° 0035, oO o Neutrat axis within the section i oO Neutral axis outside the section Fig. 7 Comme AxiaL Lop AND UNIAXAL BENDING 100 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE3.22 Stress Block Parameters When the Neutral Axis Lies Oiutside the Seetion— When the neutral axis lies outside tho section, the shape of the stress block will bo-25 indi= cated in Fig. 8 The stress is uniformly 0446 fac fora distance of 2P from he highly ‘compressed edge because the strain is more than 002 and thereafter the stress diagram is parabolic. 002 STRAIN DIAGRAM 04k ay TRESS OIAGRAM ‘Area of stress block ~ 046 fa - £(}-2) = 0446 fx D— gp msn [iA ts] Tent oon tet oy by ling monet aboot te highly ‘Moment about the highly compressed edge = 0446 fa D (3) — gh @P fro+ a7) = 006 fa PH aot TABLE H STRESS BLOCK PARAMETERS WHEN ‘AXIS LIES OUTSIDE ‘THE SECTION : (Clause 32.2) pe 28, Antaor Sas Distances or Cano eet Frou omy ‘Connssip Boos w @ eo 10 0361 fx D o4igD 1s Safe ois3 110 0384 fe D 043 D 129 039 fa D 0438 D 130 O40pfk D 0488 D 19 O4tT fee D 045 D 150 422 fx D 0480 200 0435 fe D 41D 20 04M fix D 0495 D 30 04 fee D 0497 D 40 Od fa D 049 Nore —Values of stress block parameters have eon tablet fo values of pio $0 for ior, His aeacaly dequato to consider values et 0p 323 Construction of Interaction Diagram — Design chars for combined axial compression and bending are given in the form of inlor ‘ction diagrams ia which curves for Ps/bDfx ‘versus Ma/bD* fx aro plotted for diferent values of pifx, where p is the reinforcement ‘Percentage. 101 Qo a aOe 2 Do D wocce 3.23.1 For the case of purely axial com- Pression, the points. plotted on the y-axis of the charts are obtained as follows: Pox O45 fabd + FED (fe ~ 0-446 fa) jap 06 + rap Ue — 0-446 fx) where ‘fo is the compressive stress in steel corres ponding to a strain of 0-002. ‘The second term within parenthesis roy fete detiton rhe conte ep by the reinforcement bars. This, term spuds ot conte, oa Ci worthwhile. 3.23.2 When bending moments are also ‘acting in dition to axial Toad, ‘the points for plotting the Charts are obtained by et positions of neutral axis. Position of neutral axis, the strain distribution across the section and the stress block parameters are determined as explained earlier. The stresses in the reine forcement are also calculated from the known strains. Thereafter the resultant axial force and the moment about the centroid of the section are calculated as follows: 8) When the neutral axis lies outside the section 8 Pox Cfabd + SPPP (sf) it whore Cy = cocficient for the area of stress block to be taken from Table I Gee 3.2.2); Pe — fi where Au is the area of rete forcement in the ith rows Ja = stress in the ith row of reinforce ment, compression being positive and tension being vegati fa = stress in concrete at the level of the ith row of reinforcement; aad n= number of rows of reinforcement. 102 ‘The above expression can be written as a in = 243 igbig Ui f) = rt ‘Taking moment of the forces about the centroid of the section, Me = Cf BD (F-c0 ) +5 Be BEDE pay inl where yD is the distance of the centroid of the concrete stress block, measured from the highly compressed edge; and yi isthe distance from the centroid ofthe section to the ith row of reinforce ‘ment; postive towards ‘the highly compressed edge and negative towards the least compiesied edge. ‘Bling both sides of the equation by for fa G@5-C) . + Bho i -0(F) int b) When the neutrel axis lies within the ‘section Jn ths case, the suess block, parameters ‘and they can be directly incorpora- ted into the exprstions whith are otherwise same as for the earlier case. Thus we get the following expressions: 1 Pgs a z west 3 tog oe = 036k (05 — 0-416 k) + 3m nm ~ 93) where f= Deptt of neural axis D DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE‘An approximation is made for the value off for M20, a5 u the case of 3.23.0. For circular sections the procedure is same as above, except that the siress block, parameters given earlier are not applicable; Ihence the section is divided into strips and summation is done for determining the forces and moments duc to the stresses in ‘concrete. 3.23.3 Charts for compression with bending — ‘Charts for rectangular sections have been Siven for reinforcement on two sides (Charts 77 to 38) and for reinforcement on four sides (Charts 39 to 50). The Charts for the latter case have been for a section ‘with 20 bars equally distributed on all sides, but they can be used without significant error for any other number of bars (greater ‘than 8) provided the bars are distributed equally on the four sides. The Charts for circular section (Charts 51 to 62) have been prepared for a section with 8 bars, but they can generally be used for sections with any number of bars but not less than 6. Charts have been given for three grades of steel and four values of a’/D for each case mentioned above. The dotted lines in these charts. indicate the stress in the bars nearest to the tension face of the member. The line, for fx = 0 indicates that the neutral axis lies along the ‘outermost row of reinforcement, For points lying above this line on the Chart, all the bars i the section will be in compression The line for fu = fe indicates that the outermost tension reinforcement reaches the Gesign yield strength. For points below this Tine, the outermost tension reinforcement undergoes inelastic deformation while succes- sive inner rows may reach a stress of fy Te-should be noted that all these stress values are at the failure condition corresponding {o the limit state of collapse and aot at working loads, 3.2.34 Charts for tension with bending — ‘These Charts are extensions of the Charts for compression with bending. Points for plotting these Charts are obtained by assum- {ng Jow values of & in the expressions given catliee. For the case of purely axial tension, pbD. Pam TY O8Tf) jis - a 87h) Charis 66 to 75 ate given for rectangular sections with reinforcement on, two sides and Charts 76 to 85 ate for reinforcement ‘on four sides. It should be noted that these charts are meant for strength calculations COMPRESSION MEMBERS only; they do not take into account crack control which may be important for teasion members. Example 6 Square Column with Uniaxial Bening Determine the reinforcement to be provided in a. square column subjected to uniaxial bending, with the following data: Size of column 45 x 45om Concrete mix M25 Characteristic strength of 415 Nimm* reinforcement Factored load 2.500 KN (Gharacte ee ood mult Factred ones 200 KN. rangement of reinforcement: (a) On two sides (©) On four sides (Assume moment due to minimum eccentricity to be less than the actual moment). Assuming 25 mm bars with 40 mm cover, d= 40 4 12°5 w S2'Smm = 525 em AID w= 525/45 = O12 Charts for d']D = 0°15 will be used Pu 2.500 x _10* Ja BD 7 BRB KT MOM Me. 200 x 108 fe WD ~ ISXASKAS KAS X10 ) Reinforcement on two sides, Referring to Chart 33, “Pifee = 009 Percentage of reinforcement, p= 0°09 X25 me 225 Ae p bDII00 = 225 x 45 x 45/100 = 4556 om? 18) Reinforcement on four sides from Ca, Pifie= p= 00 x 25 =25 Ay 225 x 45 x 45/100 = 0088 Example 7 Cirewlar Column with Uniaxial Bending Determine the reinforcement to be provided in a circular column with the following deta: Diameter of column — $0.em Grade of concrete M20 Characteristic strength 250 N/mm* for of reinforcement ‘bars up to 20 mmg 240, N/mm? for bars over 2mm ¢ 103 OOO OPOCOD Cro °° 4 U Referring to Chart 52, for f, Pifx 087 2 = 087 x 20— 14 As = peD*/400 174 X x 50 x 50/4000 3416 ct Forfy = 240 N/mm', dy = 3416 X 255/240 = 35°58 oom? (©) Column with Helical Reinforcement According to 38.4 of the Code, the stren of a compression member with helical reinforcement is 1°05 times the strength of a similar member with lateral ties. Therefore, the given load andl moment should be divided by [05 before referring to the chart. Hence, Po 250 N/mm? 0:32 join Tas = 85 Me 005 Foie > Tg ~ OOH From Chart 52, for fy = 250 Nimm?, Plfex = 0-078 P =0078 x 20 = 156 A= 156 x m x 50 X 50/406 = 30°63 om? For fy = 240 Nimm’, A, = 30°63 x 250/240 3Y91 emt According to 38.4.1 of the Code the ratio Of the volume of belical reinforcement to the volume of the core shall not be less then 0°35 (Aylde— 1) fax fy where dy isthe ‘gross area of the Section and Ae is the area of the core measured to the outside diameter of the helix. Assuming 8 mm dia bars for the helix, 104 3 ( \ Ww ~ : + Facored load igen (Coe diameter — 50-2(40 — 0:8) | ‘actored moment im = 436 0m Lateral reinforceme ae Tae Sh 1315 1 8 ee 836 <0 nas | (Assume moment due to minimum eccentri- A ¢ 2 Gre eas to the sea momen). pe ale sinforoement 3 ~~"Veluine oFcore Assuming 25 mm bars with 40 mm cover, Aa (428) 009 A, Q dtd 3c 123 = 925 mun = 525 eon = G2) _ 18 Ae 1D me 525/50 = 0-105 F436) oO : ‘ (Charts for d'[D = 0:10 will be used. se are of te ba fone Oo (@) Cohan with hoop reinforcement In order to satsfy the fodal cequireneut, a 1600 x 10° : 0-09 Au/ox > 00091 o % 0x1 932 For 8 mim dia bar, day = 0:503 cmt gy Ms 125 x 108 0:09 x 0-503 c Fa DO XK HH 19 OOS aS FO c ~ «4970 oO 3.3 COMPRESSION MEMBERS SUB- JECT TO BIAXIAL BENDING Exact design of members subject to axial Toad and biaxial bending is extremely laborious, Therefore, the Code permits the design of such members by the following J+ (a) where (i ‘Ma, Moy are the moments about x and y ‘axes respectively duc to design joads, Manis Moy, are the maximum uniaxial ‘moment capacities with an axial load Po bending about x and y axes respectively, and cq is an exponent whose value depends on PulPox (see table below) where Par = 0°45 fee Ae + O75 fy Asi PlPex te <02 10 poe 20 For intermediate values, linear interpo- fation may be done. Chart 63 can be used for evaluating Pu For different values of Ps/Pa., the appropriate value of oc, has been taken and curves for the eqeation Mor \a Moy \Cn (az) + (7) plotted in Chart 64, DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETEExample 8 Reciangular Cohann with Biaxial Bending Determine the reinforcement to be provided in a short column subjected to biaxial bending, with the following data: ‘Size of column 4 x Oem Concrete mix MIS Characteristic 415 Nimm* of reinforcement Factored load, Pa 1600 KN Factored moment acting 90KN parallel to the shorter Alizension, Mey ‘Moments due to minimum eccentricity are fess than the values: given above, Reinforcement is. distributed four sides. on ‘As a first ‘trial assume the reinforcement Deroentage, p12 Pile = 12/15 = 008 ‘Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about xeaxis: aD = 53 = 00875 ‘Chart for d’/D = 0-1 will be used. 1600 x 10° Poll P= TAO xB TO = OE Referring to Chart 44, Milf BD®' = 009 Moxy = 0-09 x15 x 40 x 608 x 10°/10* = 1944 kN. Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about yp-axis: Hyp 525 ay 33 ue 0131 Chart for dD = 0-15 wil be used. Referring to Chart 45, Malfec BD* = 0083 ce May, = 0/083 x 15 x 60 x402X 107/108 = 11952 kN.m Calculation of Pos: Referring to Chart 63 corresponding to P= 12 fy =A15 and fee = 15, Ps 2 Geo 103 N/a ce Poo = 103 Ap 103 x 40 x 60 x 104/109 kN = 2472 kN ‘COMPRESSION. MEMBERS, 100 «FE 1M noe Ma. os Moy 0 Hoy ~ Tisz™ 97% Referring to Chart 64, the permissible value of $7 coresponding to the above values of 7 and F is equal 10058, ‘The actual value of 0617 is ony sli higher than the valu ead fom te Cha, This can be made up by sight increase in reinforcement, 12 x 40 x 60 0 Aw = 288 om? ‘12 bars of 18 mm will give 430-53 cm* Reinforcement percentage provided, 30°53 x 100 P= Mag 18 ‘With this percentage, the section may be rechecked as follows: lfc = 27/15 = 0-084 7 Referring to Chart 44, Faby 7 9095 Max, == 0'095 x 15 X 40x 608 105/10" = 2052 km Referring to Chart 45 ce Ma = 0085 x 15 x 60 x 40 x 105/10 = 124 kNm Referring to Chart 63, = = 10-4 Nimmt Pax = 104 x 60 x 40 x 10/107 = 2496 kN Pala = 5 a9@ Referring to Chart 64, Corresponding to the above values of 2 and F*., the permissible value of Hence the section is O-K, 1053.4 SLENDER COMPRESSION MEMBERS, Similarly, if the column is slender about the minor axis an additional moment May should ‘be considered. m= Abt) The expressions for the additional moments can be written in the form of eccentricities of load, 28 follows: Mu Po ex Table £ gives the values {or $2 for different values of slenderness ratio, ‘TABLE I_ ADDITIONAL ECCENTRICITY FOR SLENDER COMPRESSION MEMBERS (Clause 34) dexfD tu/D IeiD talD fs o = ‘or eb Da ull o @ ® oO 2 oon a oan 8 aes b cas i toe 3 oon 5 o13 o 00 ie oie $ rors 0 os % 1380 i oi $ i313 5 cin @ 1300 x In accordance with 387.1. of the Code, the additional moments may be reduced by the multiplying factor & given below: ba fear taken ad i could be substantially less than unity. ‘The value of Py will depend on arrangement of reinforcement and the cover ratio d'/D, Chart 65 can be used for finding the ratio of fae calling the ratios Po/Pee and Example 9 Slender Column (with biaxial bending) Determine the reinforcement required for ‘column which is restrained against sway, with the following data: Size of column 40 x 30em Concrete grade M30 Characteristic streagth 415 Njmm* of reinforcement Bifecive length for 60m bending parallel to larger dimension, da Effective length for 0m ‘bending parallel to shorter dimension, J ‘Unsupported length = 70m Factored load 1500 KN Factored moment in the 40 KN.m at top ‘direction of larger and 225 KN.m ‘dimension at bottom DESION AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETEFactored moment in the 30KN.m at top direction of shorter. and 20 kN.m dimension at bottoin The column is bent in, double curvature, Reinforcement will be distributed equally ‘on four sides, cde, 60 x 100 5 = OE W150 > 2 en X10 gy > ‘Therefore the column is slender about both the axes, From Table 1, dex . For = 15, e/D 013 For 2 167,66 = 0140 ‘Additional moments: Mug — Pate 1 500X0113 x 8 m6r8kNm May Paty = 1 500X014 630 Nn The above moments will have to be reduced in accordance with 38.7.1.1 of the Code; ‘but multiplication factors can be evaluated only if the reinforcement is known. For first tral, assume p = 3-0 (with reinforce- ‘ment equally on all the four sides). Ay= 40 x 30 = 1200 emt From Chart 63, Puujdg = 22°5 N[mm* s+ Pas = 22'S x 1200 x 107/10? =2 700 KN Calculation of Pu: Assuming25 mm dia bars with 40mm cover 525 A/D (about x-axis) = FE = 013 Chart or Table for dd = 0-15 will be used. 1D (about yyasis) = 32 017 ‘Chart or Table for d'/d = 0-20 will be used. From Table 60, Ps (bout ant) = (f+ 2) abo Pu = (0196 +0203 x 3) 0 x 30 x 30 x 40 x 10410 = TEN ‘COMPRESSION MEMBERS Py (about yy-axis) = (ou + ee) Pay = OLN Pa— Po Par = Pox nhs ‘The additional moments calculated earlier, Well now be multiplied by the above value ofk. Meg = 61 X 0625 m= 42-4 EN Muy = 630 x 0°592 = 373 KN. ‘The additional moments due to. slendemess effects should be added to the intial moments after modifying the initial moments as follows (see Note 1 under 38.7.1 ofthe Code): Mum (06 x 40 ~ 0-4 x 22-5) =150 Nm Moy= (06 x 30-04 x 20) = 100KNm ‘The above actual moments sionld be com- pared with those calculated from minimum coccatricity consideration (see 24.4 of the Code) and greater value is to be taken as the initial moment for adding the additional ‘moments, 1D m0 0, ang th - Mt Boonen 1 met a7 yt Otten Both cand ey ae greater than 20 cm. Moments due to minimum eccentiity: Ma = 1500 x 2B os 410 en > 150kNm May = 1500 x 24 360 em > 100KNn + Total moments for which the columa is to be designed are: Moy = ALO + 42-4 = B54 KNam Mey = 3604373 = 733 KNm The section is to be checked for biaxial bending. 1500 x i0* Palle? = xan TOF = 0417 107 w y Oy. Ro - OMe y wer ds b } Q°»2OO¢ pif = 39- = 010 Refering to Chart 45 (@jD Mali BD? = 0108 19), Q & 2 Ma, = 0104 X 30 x 30 x 40 x 40 x o i Ii i te mt 7 7 ‘ value. of Mu/Mon corresponding to the 2 Referring to Chart 46 (d'/D = 0-20), ator vas of Melton end PulPe is 0°38 i ie Molfer bD? = 0096 hie sly higher ia the atta value t 5 May, = 0-096 of 0:56. The assumed reinforcement of 3-0 Rg Foaog 20 1030 X30 escent i therefore satisfactory. , pee Ag = pbDILOO = 3:0 x 30 x 40/100 Ue = pr 7 O86 = 3600m* oO 7 6 ! QO ' Oo ' i o oO : Oo : Oo i OQ . O Oo Q 108 DESIGN AIDS EOK REINFORCED CONCRETEreo00 sooo 2000 7000 soo sooo LOAD P..KN e000 3000 2000 sooo REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 As/Ag COMPRESSION MEMBERS Chart 24 AXIAL COMPRESSION t+ 280 N/mmad iB g | & E g = 2 5 8 5 : : g : a Bo: E gs 2 : =z 1 2 Ritts 7 a : ffi: hfiiGde: ¢ 2 2 2 ° oe PSE eee eee 5v/S¥ oo NAME Qvor ROVINSOUAd INSNSQYOANITY 2 o005 XO0Q0D DD ©LOAD R,, kN REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE, 100 As/Ag : Chart 26 AXIAL COMPRESSION fy=500 N/mm P6/Ag, N/mm umoO Chart 27 COMPRESSION WITH BENDING — Rectangular Section — Reinforcement Distributed Equally on Two Sides 470 = 0-08 P, [tbo oO o 0-05 0-10 O15 0-20 0-25 0-30 M, /f.,b0" 2 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE ‘aChart 28 COMPRESSION WITH BENDING — Rectangular Section — Reinforcement Distributed Equally on Two Sides 4, #250 Nimm | a’7D= 0-10 As= pbD/100 Fhe AXIS OF BENDING. Py /t 4 e0 0 0-05 0-10 O15 0-20 0:25 0-30 My [tegbD? ‘COMPRESSION MEMBERS 113sein sot madame oO Chart 29 COMPRESSION WITH BENDING — Rectangular a Section — Reinforcement Distributed Equally on Two Sides a a ; 4,7 250 N/mm? | a/D* 0-15 oO oO a 0 Oo & oO : i oO a 4, oO a 0 | oO { oO 5 o- ta 0-05 0-10 0-15 0-20 0-25 0:30 ( My/fexbD" a4 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE i | iChart 30 COMPRESSION WITH BENDING —Rectangular Section — Reinforcement: Distributed Equally on Two Sides f, =250 Nimm’ | 47D = 0-20 PL /ty,bD ° 0-05 040 O15 020 «0-28 030 M, [tf dD" ‘COMPRESSION MEMBERS usChart 31 COMPRESSION WITH BENDING — Rectangular Section — Reinforcement Distributed Equally 2n Two Sides fy = 415 N/mm | ¢/D= 0-05 o tt Ay=pbD/100 2 EN ‘ E Like AXIS ‘OF BENDING 3 6 DBSGN AIDS FOR REINFORCHD CONCRETE

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