nn THE WORLD’S WRITING SYSTEMS Edited by Peter T. Daniels and William Bright OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS —Part I: Grammatology ows pernen nv LaNGtAce: teas died ming Wat ‘ng itor rer peibl nd wn the bs forthe ban cess tc Ol Wel Alles peak only bara cats we pec fim and wong seco. Nore, wien aber pen nase Basreccvd mena om oars ice argu: samars erecodiied les ‘reveal edad mio ated sea hey as hy ‘ile, be maj who spoke hy hd led fam he cae mie ‘ate enue hi evlving vay a vibra. Language canes onal, ‘er weing como Resp up, hermoso conser alee oma Lg, te dn lence langage as pope en span language 1a tsac a ts min jet of soy Palo Selene wih adsinisbed osirn miles canons meee ii dosent i te comet of oy whieh setae calles tga ee psalm, An arc {tbo dzovers a ext eats ew apologist fo iets) Wie a aes tt the medium oppor the cote of Seen) has of ate een th nese of the docaments pace y the cizaton, hve sree ten ely er fo lagi No ame orth el tty a chen Bee widely sce gramming” pope nh i weet ey, Ber ‘a mae ‘Gans, ike guns in genera matte deine, teria and ‘het The characters of each wing stm mb invented and hes se ‘oie zane, Soe ary wig esens of eps hae sui ths proc an exter preter ime depth ihre cart tan x ol for he ‘course the historical record far fom complete so ierelaionships among cor “emoorry asin en oe known rom car tines et Be alot jo ‘wi gue2 Weng ter rm agg, hog ne anda. Lange it mtu pct of fe boman mind the epee af people ht ake pone fereveyeneierary lange, rove ey Sara Young enough age —sie ‘wang date produ of bran elect fan eras ssp ton ih langaage ring ms be i. argue continual eveepr and ‘ange wih coca nana of 8 pers, tal rig eb Sed orfomedor ade or spe a wil 5s he oral eh at ‘palo flrs ot on the st of gusts te ary of wing st every dierent fo te hy of language ist tbe expe tha pate ips th dese gue sold pi wrt. tile tert yt en pido ttc Lng peptuly changing nd compoyig heir speakr tough op sion expanses, niomson ad sonny, ve oe as cps prensa by ‘zatn nites th pcan fer gag sons sage the "esags of eilzaon” pon ham wea dere istry. Wie al nan ngs tty en con a a ng i at ae ‘es pba he unto weg dvd for Suman een Soe oe a ings of which lace ar en), hid ses hve Den nian fo Ezy Herp. The ncn ofthe tee as Caner, wich came 1 Be ‘sloplin spans Kors tne eas ne C's. The ‘doa le Mecano, cuiining ith May sex hata begun be derstood er seas ian opin tun posh imped th Cama sig whe ot shot became beac faa Europe nd ment fA Althea ise ' tyson tht recent ony one per hater, what cl Sew Jad Peps ary sae teeter and wee exenes fe ance ciple nthe Medan, hy cans ob wie wi dearer ‘alg othe Grek spb hat nds lees of Europe and is wor ‘de exersons. nnd ey eam npeeiags othe cosets Inte Bah ‘ring tom hatin aie ol th rp of South an Sotho ats St (rofl aces enced ar AS le si boa ser repre ‘Seat lenig of te tw) Some cet a, tas tense Syne, Hetren Areal octane tht it pings o he como et ‘Noferr ni eet ays rang the ign ofa seg oth sun of ‘tangas have ae, evgh burn gst Soh rey a ede oy vetinguniy. i fare tene tn wn como! be eed inte te ay ‘Sie Te linn fs owing ya a rae co ‘The Study of Writing Systems Grammatlony “he word ranma wt pny Gm f et insisieaty Teena ay orsngsysens 9) orteringeenen gap SORES lr pts frag pos csr worn he oes te pone Them vas soe ee are ae wicioens inven oats bye plea ese a asp powell orpae rns ong ‘ey sons ed easing one eo secon ao deo fs bi o iy. It i we mings ere wee nerd ‘ip muon no mals rein wien yt Ta TASES ayer win eng be ctl argent of Meee cup asa) Rae wig ind mo Taper ati epee cha titan cece pete ec ato be bstorer By i crete op nang csccy he lpn i= of sa Ty ea fees cnn fest eo cb SNe iit Schone even gm of ‘Sones Gt op) ttn et gen ser) Set So fom tom tics 18 roe sat ring bcs ngs many ngs tat ote ce es mc cv gre rect ote aye Tic pence oo ples a anes rn dwg kl Nite zee ns ange nec acta prat of ia etd inn person db re ee niet ca et he ipaianc ef hrs wl on fe a Kita “yfrcnning erm ormpenst sun fle ofan asin comecton withing sop Tis words oles coo inl tes pone nd morphea vis od ao cae ce ete mel rc ben wind gt(Gee page 2). he usa andes ote ome ons opp as its Ialmguagecins cate ener tere 0] and rei ‘oc ponenes ia Engle rg, tin Fe Too mayan of ooo: fi wo parle anong “epee” ad ay atu of he ns of ‘eng tne pre insted ter (Danl 199,194 Ke 986 femnarzs hs matin 0) Mos eis inguists Ec hatbwer ifr awolangnges ay sous in some ann way lpg se sential te sane—human ngewe repens of sey, ca fy gue and ‘specify tthe same pips af phonology apy tal lngbge, weet teh iy ier in ee of pone ‘Ons ter and as enn nel et ype of wing tee ‘etx devo with eset ow yoo the sad lng ad there's euton martes nel otbe ven) sora tts ‘ofasep denote ind word raphe) well pata les, a 2 lay te chats date pare silent he m0 eae ‘pbc mary betwee te arte fr psy sls asco Sony eel an aad a pre” he wat fore er ies ona of tems wider en the Ara nthe dz ef. stow 6 be cartes det somos ely Ins aphate, e ‘hurr ent omnis vole Ina aude ca eis 2 ensonnt secompned by pes voel ade her vowel re deed) 2 ens mfeaton of econo vm in nde rg (The med "ton om heist or onsonat anh ror vows te nl sero thsi sri 68 th type has Ren cl yb Er, cide owetole) and seaslsary [Ding Bt thes ma eaney gest atthe tui sate, oF be oat ryan = etn tats ed to ufertate iorea oi tn ho the ty triing) Ina earl yen Kean or "pone" tian. the saps ‘te chats cera wh dst ares of he epee gg: ‘Note hp oggraphic wring st oie fer ip fo ley repent 2 agg: mut bl al) represent emo, bts mtb ae © ‘epeet seta fon Wren i were pole bo ahi fo {very word inslmgsgs, vol el be een ale eres ts sos ‘th so es fm ute te sem cold be commana iste oth tv evry extant satay repeats yas comping rss vowel) consonant folowe ys owe (Vater han Co VE 9 ‘Soca domains newer eameponig tenga “he sly of vere wong yen rosie some seu With he po- nts fhe wer’ langues Tata wos een Poon Alte {tte arene andr andl Gaon of be ound OF epg se ‘ya a ev in 98 (ne PARES). The anor cre the st ‘nar Ge, bow oe poets the work's Engi oan) se beyond pe ce serio 7 fra mma, and Jo Laver nano Prices of Phone Ica fo al sno eat who oli he el wee do ‘aco tothe snd wore fh tres aches Laver scaowldes Abe. ‘Some (967) hse inertia plone sotto syse; Lae oped (975) ite clasrom stad Calor (1988) ges ely see ston for op grommencig ay sound wed in ngage ics hen spond ht wing wu devised rth apo of communicating st dane in ober sen sae hat i a apn the eer fe eng Ba i come o Bea ef veoking the evi: he ecg of Preps an te eng tok fe poser, apy arcittl ype' “he cai iee fing seme oes communes igs ha eal do ave cea queens (Coope 189323, 329). In Meneame he ext doen te bss ose que fetch as of wore and hl ations a {ks In Chin te lat wring fo iors aes erie ees [ought tn need tht sommes ha ee nt aed rel terran unde ros Reply 198) Msoumeiy onnmica ie yl and abe sled feat fhe pinay peo nay en hat anna History ofthe study of writing ‘romearest tins in Mesopcta d a Casal Gre he ri tly flanguage ment estoy of writen langue (eps 194, vale 1-2) Batt ‘rking stn male wetted raked ht thagh Te res b> Tov hei ape a ee ona thn y Paes xed Cals. Te ‘Some Nb hc np was an eno fhe gts SecriON 3) ad te ‘Soest ty cae to isto ives whe compton of ln of tle ‘flo, tact documents ond be ea andy nacional 1509s ht lage taht nos Old Aan wa tally Wet nh at ‘The Bape Renaissance wok resin bests fey Grek Latin manatees ght bck bth anges a cotonpry mass ‘rng ring evo serps; ood cloacae noted ‘erin te ajo’ tea opus ow eds In mae ngage. From he snd cement fh eta fou he ny it deren yp, a oy ie seen th modern oe sco ty jal wa in plas Tach aetna he Panaton of he Roped sJoes presented ponerng wok on sips of ancien a moder Ase @EcTI0% 9) The ra Aer, Zi dar escent Gra ‘writing an began ace the historical latoeships among tanguages an among of Mesopotamian cuneiform were led astray bythe suppesiion that—if hein age rece wae Sem aonb nd crc pes)—then the Sp nse hee oft Src gua ten and As eon only eect ‘Rs ype oe nnd er Frese fe de ton 9 inclting Buopean and Seat aniuites is work woud wel repay cael sy, ‘tough a0 sige moder slr woul be compet to crate in x iy. To ele x ech ey, Wg te cake "campanon volume of sine, cher Sct). Th orgy bon bt ‘le pepeciveis lnc T's The Apher 89), uly blot deve the scp In, ad some of tefl terial sone be ound ‘ogy of wring sysems—ogograpli, sylibic, slphubetc—tat has dominied _Eammaogy or cre thn scent oh haben ated to Ear Bo "eT "tf analy” (86). This may be simple cofson ote The twentieth century has brought a nam of popula estments of writing, ayo which fe sl wb fotn pb here ad sd kts. Ready alble—mdfie tare sch weds Clad 90 Maton 1939 Ore a, Motos 1933 ad Ober 5, uns i thse enn tate ate ‘van Stl ante ype f mig took ihe cllecon of seinen: The Bok of 12 Thousand Tongues Nid 97), wh cles mation wrk fe Untied Bibl Soleil wea varity fafa ons anes fn orn seine Daa (98) seas whatever il oto ae the otal wong a ete Sis he ction fronting aly ows lng with sampler of ozs of es Te deals ny caso to the next category, wth both besutifal petograpbs and ess by eompeent ex feet en ahr rte ttn, so oe esd he). ‘Moz cll bon wg fl nf ae Tere ae sca a logs Coben 158 ing 968, Pei 199, ome Tod, Pedich 166 een 1969. Of snp, ler nds et he det gen, Pride isto ean omen poe te mot copioe Wogrpy Caben tase ages tamer vey fen ling eeeces te abs ose. (gate Foy’ ny pei esl ad eats we ein oad Floste fo Spent of he ngbge the One Dee 998 ie Fenn en cops tts bie ote nex cpr th won of Harald Farm (590, wt resents hes material fore Sof Wiig Bt Inscmncepo rier bn say elo ec ing the erin stages ofthe Semi language Aad (a ery young Tan, be ac a ea ee wh in pats in re te ‘explanation of te parte typology of writing. Gelb chimed that sylabares cold ly crop fo npn sn tastes aldol devel om yi neo of wring. Bat twas moe than te decades before sucess appeaeé— Sop os cin bn ban a at ew ‘wits sou of ier add Keren setae peal one Camas tited All four bors ser oaks up for Geb’s renation (and ror) by miss8 Purr Lomuroveay ‘The typology of writing systems At aeay become ca a aity of plaisir roped ‘Thetigate scene of logo, lta, spb wa te Ketel os ‘erin he ne pela le cranny sass te ae ‘crn si, nl sera sheave ne Dn Or ‘Gels sence cob icp of enieson deepen el hi r= lai atthe Pein cpt om wich he Greek tbe deeoped) want Se abet ar was commonly Koon, bt rather yaar i erie ‘oe nl hat te Eso ape wich developed frm the Soh Aran ‘iota bt lain poetic Bo hse er os conve nd sxmingly comfrua hePheria st does ‘navidad hii does! Osing tthe Inpro G's won one owas esl Sct Wat Se aps lene sabes yao bn ve onde pl td of he tp “Thee an ores forthe wus of hs ori. One he questioning seepnce of te tiparte yplgy the pote dsappeas whe Stipend longer estan nly tee limes Gannon nd Spe 993 eee eed Gal's tor by ating a ingresie aleton f x ple of hla” deed fm “ipa the ein te pags ‘eat cece uocemary lm simpy be ecgnind (Dis 190 a {joe ot ny loge) yar dnt ed ites toga ‘hoop thy dena sabes not he sya, ace owes ese et ‘ton quale to at conan. “Te route of fay the aoe of spsing he cone of eon ‘oped ofthe banana. Aso anentod, olin he ret oa retin operating on aon vars 80, Weve an be ede ‘tie source omen inp sb, ds meapncl exteson fteme Pls ote cerseaon of tara Ingage sn be ten sop he sory of wag: Changs ia script ae cnieinproema (es temp ar impovemen) rater tan eons. Oxy the cange te saps of ‘arc wit scot eno might sen ctl bt ee aways etd inches by be stay of he aca sn bye es fe bet eer econ "Nox tt Ge aswel es Deans (ct Sampson 1994) ais volume: lad om thea of wg tens the pgs expen hat me Tecth soa ote ngage. The Sot chao Ve an (99,197 Sees wing as sevingo wast anwoge cane nye neon base nits fourm tpoloy of tog eopapie l,elphoote wi ing. Baste poppy ecole isnt popesnn, of commie ‘on no yet early ded by gsi spate wer” (1973 1993 38) om ca tbe si to trait langue al? Ia ier o ain et cod Sa” (Gel rig alah tr fo ot cece, peterin an ta rar india! words tbe pie pe He ete, eee a eed ‘ofthe wordean be ike oe goa rat (healer a he eerie {t Mesnpousnsaa cane o Ep, he Sueroptens of Aaa Hite, ‘re waa sgn of Engl, atin es not men ay eal fw Seber cle bugs 0 # euler whether woul cout tem yb He fly sess te nt of spec wig: anes whe he oop ‘apy of weds compen oth crea rome eg scees of pote tango phoslsce-mapbologal, wich we wel call merpontonens ‘wih ones ochopenhy of phonener—and of merge wa-een wi ot ‘Hone maton es ona vars nen pms fore (eg, Ra ‘Sand hstrco-eatonl, whee etngraphy a wnt cones o ei ferme onanciaton eg resch nd English —though its mw car at thc a of ae torah avatageus, etal mepbopbonee fertile he lng, rized inhi appt cho) Ienmsone far pol claaton orp, oun a nase ‘of sommon oii: neover ch x ache a et worked oot sing aie ‘hrm wel eae of a Hr. fora wide ge So, Herk on "AA Tl (967) clases xp acsding oh elion toe nits of ren "eve at ic guage sen dsc gusts dco ‘ems orpenac yen sd pone tens Snel ems om some ot tetingise stot om eer nee sens ot plone inom ton: phowsmic sent ei ao aly ph) aot dd oy di. (une tame tar eel cognate ng tau “Dice sy ae unig cal int hy do end hate ete Kom the agus of he std wane, nd ey ta over ey ext 9 nce ofthe ona ackgroan (p94) sven too "ke pane of ting a bento be iqu enteaton of terns") “ier apace. oting eters aang, taken by vege and Vpn 961, weiner apparent ero ay poo. [ke sp) Toy ein whch oie one eye a ‘cows ty gape diner, CVS consonant iar which ing Jct ows by gripe sin fora para consnat fa of rr Parslr vowel I ndipendet soar an ane, incependent Yel {ign The eae mn ich anteCVDV ye) 1 ab ja), ICHCVD (io aly example is Ugur), ICH1V Glpabes), an CVSHTV (apis) elle sent labs hey ae ppd cpa ica dlogograpac tons (Chine, Egypt, Lavin Maa) ti ape edd -mmemon ystems ncongsing pga wing gh wring el goes °endef ax wll quips and me langues. Pins Indian Sign La ns rattan sig nguges Fhe dea, wach ae agape fly gl tran comply wo spat ngugs and ot aan peste of 'ny spoken langange). Vora and Vogl cng nh er esting "owt decipher of Liner B a ty re ely presi nein Sgn of he mcs apherent of Maye ps. Tora nl ees el er iremas on many asec ofthe sy of ing "EV. Gamble (4952) ap he Saaean in pram and “nagar aos eset hl sess napa psn ‘hres, atlas mong mezesse ete tins) toe dese. ‘in of seri pes an let encodes opment th wy, hea shad ce ‘evs segment pada sd se sages, “The study of writing ‘Te frtanes of wtng in maser igus ve ales ice. When ef ‘flings shied tm tae! nay, whic eign te decopmene ‘imal te Indo Etre guages on the bss of ane rer nd of ‘Sparen fated ngs tothe desi et ge hata ten wien si aelyecxasioe bythe American eco ith ers, eying iio plats ring lar concen eva a ‘aan angeage cou aleurone erie wt nomsdiy of istre ecos i tno th wig eed. dal enn ‘bo te dsr pry rl mode! Te stone ws deepens, hich trove to preset ngage trade pape 2 on Sat oa “lesa Bloméelé 933) Bod up wit te ety msn on ek ‘tv jdgmen- Ths page of ew haben alll rage” Poe ‘hand expesive ty Eoean nguge,hoeve iret ty appene oe: it asad main cli of mental a tcl infer efor nh vider. This atte was einpored woe sly, Else. he ples of Hal 1950). eligi tence ect were trp et th pre e. ‘etn Whe pueaton af th Mein Webs Third Nw inertia is fa: Sedan BDI 196, Morton 194 Inga oath shod bec lmgsgennt corr nore apport oe lapel. ‘Wis te cer ta tn i ht ny we ngage an be fra a zg aha fral gue an cor phen ange coseuety Sele Such econ spoil nga Tague pole” of "anginge ares wha apprentywithot coerng te basso dcp ink Ite cn rahe an Be reectn 0 wh ey regu athe -eagtn of he Sang. They wl i fie pol tao lloilo cotrng writen deur Nina, here od ny that ae fra ‘ster of pecs apropos oma sation Anse radu prc gsstieneg when cp reer i contd “inetorl von angus, whichis gt ies SF longge aly parece, aio as way ‘om pre ff not” (sn xg compre pore Wi he oppo [Erp Hs pln Tone (96) can wiser of tenes Jan wong nes, chanting yes tin ty ‘ee cnin sigs dngsing ene consonance “7 Alpha {eve aly eset ued phones ply han yt” and Sfuitivisnctepesnadascip eee Tse cep els ‘hy wou st ote wer thy a ser et ne {ie ft lato btwn xp nd nga ‘ety soo ayn psa te ip ee enraie owing dep es Halal hn op eam Con. Tt ‘Tower wring pela snes of wars a pews yn ce, ‘Scrun tt nial sete rep cele que oes iste ound sysem f gage a ey line hd eso of syn rm and cf eat change hema te ode fa, tori, coped very clay te origi fh of hs wos ‘cng oth clans trey us to eater ses pal men or speting Ei” (Chonay an Hale 18518. 19) ee prrly. aught te etn ingttwa vente pest Sire Sings tty acl evap wien atte pd ea, ee ‘ecipdonof cna ec (oben te ie wi hao ‘oun erin) or somcime ctl cost fen noperain Wi ‘espn conmlans vu 1983) Thee ie elt of Nave Anta i Igy, woe sn oat pronocinn of exh nd lated ‘orl nt pres cle yw ne Cll pt rd mr ees ‘oly ning he suc yeling cosmos Smee he Enh ‘Spo Fc tei Ga 07) Wht we have al ie oe Mase pT Hey od Poe Wig, LG Cr, hg "acy oC Pen cl 8) eno The Cain ol he Wien nC: Cambie ‘nbn ney Pe ta a ig ony te 9 ny ay he es ih Tr Ca Ti Mai er Tas ted ing a Lyn ay Se: Metin Pegs” ‘noc ineipinaryConestn Dts Kernen. Cl 3 me undp Sch Wg an pron ar ec nT “osm Crs: Ce Uy os an ap yO te ben Dl cy ec a eh 185. Lane a The nen eof enn om Writing Cope Cha Ps nie ir er et te nS gh ny tine gg of he Wot Leno: Me ‘ae sn Lite ec Woon hee ak Ne sem nic her ft i rae ‘Sean 6. The is of raring 176-1890. ea Oe oP ‘Sm it gr iy yt Pees Caches Cong Usery oe ‘Sie ime Vea Garcia a Cte: Can ae ‘na mn 9. un ie Recordi Cle Canbe Co pt In ond Onty acer Gemini nny re ”