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Angular momentum
Aik = A k d
*
i
: angular momentum
' A = a !
which
l = l'
thus
2.l + 1 value
2
( 1 ) - Matrix representation of L at l = 1
L
= Y
L Y
d
2
mm
'
*
l 'm '
lm
= h 2 l (l + 1) mm'
Where
..........m m '
mm' = {10..........
.m = m '
2
m ,m '
2h 2
= 0
0
0
2h
0
0
2h 2
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( 2 ) - Matrix representation of L z at
l =1
Ly l =1
L
x
(3)-Matrix representation of
and
at
lader operator -
. /
1
( L+ + L )
2
1
Ly =
(L + L )
2i
L+ = L x + iL y
Lx =
L+ = L x iL y
L*+ = L
0 2
L + Yl , m = c + Yl , m +1
L Yl , m = c Yl , m 1
And for particular value of of
which l = l '
Y l *' m ' Y lm + 1 d
L + mm' = c+ m', m +1
(1)
Where
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............m ' m +1
m ', m +1 = {10..........
..m ' = m +1
L mm ' = c m ',m 1
(2)
Where
............m ' m 1
m', m 1 = {10..........
..m ' = m 1
:
(L
c+
L L +
Y l ,m ) * L + Y l ,m d =
(c
Y l , m +1 ) * c + Y l , m d
= L L + Yl *,m Yl , m d
Then
c +2 = L L + = ( L x iL y ).( L x + iL y )
= ( L2x + L2x ) + iL x .L y iL x .L y
= L2 L2z + i.[ L x , L y ]
= h 2 l (l + 1) h' 2 m 2 h' 2 m
= h' 2 [l (l + 1) m 2 m]
So that
c + = h' (l m)(l + m + 1)
Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim
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c = h' (l + m)(l m + 1)
L L+
0 h ' 2
L+ = 0
0
0
0
L = h ' 2
h' 2
0
0
h' 2
: A
C- ;
Lx =
0 h ' 2
1
0
Lx = 0
2
0
0
0
1
Lx = h ' 2
2
0
1
( L+ + L )
2
0 0
h ' 2 +h ' 2
0 0
h' 2
0
h' 2
0
0
h' 2
h ' 2
A
C- 5
Ly =
Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim
1
(L + L )
2i
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0 h ' 2
1
Ly = 0
0
2i
0
0
0
1
L y = h ' 2
2i
0
0 0
h ' 2 h ' 2
0 0
h' 2
0
h ' 2
0
0
h' 2
h' 2
1
2
l=
1
2
s , s , s , sz
2
s
(1)matrix :
3 2
h
'
0
4
2
2
(s )m,m ' = s (s +1)h ' m,m ' =
0 3 h '2
( 2 ) - s z matrix :
h
0
2
Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim
, E
-mail /hEsam_
Esam
yahoo.com
1 _s10s2@ yahoo.
(s z ) m ,m ' = mh ' m .m ' = Egypt +20128683403
=
h
0 2 0 1
(3)-
sx , s y
matrices :
1
s x = (s+ + s )
2
sy =
1
(s+ s )
2i
0
s + m .m ' =
0
0
s m .m ' =
h '
sx =
h '
0
= h '
0
0
0
0
= h '
0
1
0
0
1
1 0 0 0 0 h ' 0 1
(s + + s ) = h '
+
=
2
2 0 0 1 0 2 1 0
1
1 0 1 0 0 h ' 0
sy =
(s + s ) =
=
2i
2i 0 0 1 0 2 i
We can write the spin matrices in the term of Pauli matrices :
Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim
, E-mail / Esam_
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Egypt +20128683403
s=
1 0
0 1
0
z =
, x =
, z =
0
1
1
0
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Egypt +20128683403