Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Area
1. Introduction
2. The British
Lesson Plans
Discussion about life in Canada in 18th-19th century:
1. Students will be shown various primary source paintings of Canada
from 1780-1850 (mental set) in order to stimulate a class discussion.
Students will then be given a brainstorm chart to organize their reflection
to the paintings with the teacher providing guiding questions such as:
- what is happening in the painting?
- what groups of people are in this painting?
- how are the different groups interacting? what are their relationships to
each other?
- how do you know this group is the First Nations/British/French? what
clues did you notice?
- are the people dressed differently? how are they positioned to one
another?
1. Exploring Upper Canada
Jigsaw Primary Source: Students will be divided into groups and given a
piece of primary source document (ie. excerpt of diary entry, painting,
letter etc.) and asked to do research (as a group) regarding the
author/artist behind the document and present it to the class, highlighting
the 5W's (who, what, when, where, why, how) and most importantly, the
significance of the piece of primary document.
2. Field Trip: trip to Fort York National Historic Site or Colborne Lodge
to learn more about daily life in Upper Canada (Toronto) in the 19th
century; learn more about War of 1812 and to see actual artifacts from
this time period (primary source). Students will be asked to bring their
sketch pads to sketch an artifact they see on the trip and write a reflection
on the trip. How is daily life in Canada different in the 19th century from
the present?
http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?
vgnextoid=b59c2271635af310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnext
fmt=default
3. The French
5. The Mtis *
(Teacher will order a Mtis Education kit from Mtis Nation of Ontario:
http://www.metisnation.org/programs/education-training/education/metis-education-kit)
1. First Nations Women: Take students to the library and have them
research the origin of Mtis people, intermarriage between First Nations
women and European settlers. Besides being the mothers of the Metis
children, what other roles did First Nations women serve? (ie. translator,
link between First Nations and Europeans, helping their European
husbands adapt to the land and environment etc.)
*2. Residential Schools: Where are the Children? Have students explore
http://www.wherearethechildren.ca/ in the computer lab and then work in
small groups and prepare a short, informal presentation on what they
learned from the site. Guiding questions will be given as such: Why were
7. Culminating
Activity
U-Shaped Debate:
Questions:
1) Was Canada "multicultural" in the 19th century?
2) Is Canada "multicultural" today?
Students will be organized in a U-shape around the room with students
who strongly agree/disagree on the tips of the U and the rest of the
students can orient themselves in between according to which side they
lean more towards. Students will be given a U-shaped discussion
chart/reflection sheet (*please see appendix A) to be filled out before,
during, and after the debate. Students will be asked to share why they
chose their respective positions in the U. After hearing everyone's
opinion, students are allowed to change their spots and fill out the chart
as to the reason why they chose to move to their "final position".
The chart and reflection will be handed in after the debate.
Grade Level: 3
Specific Expectations/Objectives:
- A 3.6 describe some key aspects of life in selected First Nations, Mtis, and settler communities
in Canada during this period, including the roles of men, women, and children
- A 3.7: describe how some different communities in Canada related to each other during this
period, with a focus on whether the relationships were characterized by conflict or cooperation
Critical Tasks/Question:
What were the dynamics affecting First Nations-European relationship?
Overview:
Students will be shown 2 different paintings from the 19th century (primary source) portraying
two different perspectives of the First Nations-European relationship in Canada (one by a First
Nations artist, one by a European artist). The class will be divided in half, one group per
painting, and will be working in their respective groups in order to present a tableau
interpretation of the painting. The groups will need to fill out a chart answering the 5W's (who,
what, when, where, why) on the painting (on chart paper) prior to presentation. After the
presentations, there will be a class discussion on the similarities and differences between the two
scenes. Students will then be given time to do research in the library (books or computer) and
write a reflection on the tableaus, explaining what two perspectives are presented by the
paintings and why they think the perspectives are different - what are the factors that may have
altered the differing portrayals?
Objectives:
In this lesson, I would like my students to analyze the different perspectives on First NationsEuropean relationship in the 19th century in Canada. I would like students to garner the skills to
critically analyze a piece of primary source art and make connections to prior knowledge and
think about what is the relationship/link between the European settlers and First Nations people.
Is it a relationship of cooperation or conflict? Or is it both? What role does the fur trade play in
this interrelationship? What are the factors and dynamics affecting this relationship?
Broad Understanding:
Through the lesson, I hope students will realize the difficulty in working with primary sources
(while valuing their wealth of information) and the intricate process of separating biases from
facts when doing research. Students will need to take in both perspectives and critically assess
their sources before writing their reflection, answering the critical question of "What factors
affected First Nations-European relationship?"
Background Knowledge:
Students should have some prior knowledge about European settlement in Canada (in
particular the British and French; Upper and Lower Canada) and the fur trade. Although at
this point in the unit the students have not yet studied the fur trade in depth, from looking at
primary sources earlier on in the unit (in the British and French areas), students should have
the necessary prerequisite knowledge to make educated predictions to frame the scenes
portrayed in the paintings.
Strategies:
To help my students work through the challenge, I will provide them with guiding questions
during the class discussion (such as "How do you know these people in the painting are
missionaries? What are the clues? Where does this scene take place?") and chart paper when
they're in their groups analyzing the paintings (5W questions) to jot down their analysis.
After the class discussion, before writing their reflections, students will have the chance to do
some additional research in the library through books or on the computer. I will provide them
with a list of helpful/resourceful websites.
Habits of Mind:
- Critical thinking
- Making connections
- Researching
- Analyzing primary sources
- Group work/collaboration
The teacher will present students with 2 paintings from the 19th century portraying interaction
between First Nations and Europeans, one by a European artist (European perspective) and one
by a First Nations artist (First Nations perspective). The teacher will then number the students off
(A/B or 1/2 count-off) into 2 groups and assign a painting to each group. Chart paper will be
given to each group and the students are asked to fill in the 5W's (who, what, when, where, why)
and to jot down what they think is going on in the scene. Teacher will orally provide guiding
questions when going around the room: What are the relationships between the different groups
of people in the scene? How do you know? What are the clues? How are they positioned? What
are they surrounded by? Does it look like the people are cooperating as equals or is the a
hierarchy?
After both groups have filled out the chart paper, the chart papers will be posted up at the front of
the room while each group present their tableau and then explain what they think is going on in
their painting. The teacher will then open the floor for discussion in comparing the two
scenes/tableaus. What was similar between the two? What was different? What affected the
different perspectives? The teacher will jot down the students' thoughts and contributions on the
board. The teacher will ask the students to write down, on a sheet of paper, questions they may
have that are unanswered/not sure about the painting.
Students will then have time to go to the library to do additional research, bringing the sheet they
had before where they had jotted down their unanswered questions. The teacher will provide the
students with a sheet of useful websites/links and have the librarian organize a shelf of books
relevant to the topic for the students. Students will then write a reflection answering the critical
question of " What were the dynamics affecting First Nations-European relationship?", referring
back to what they learned from the paintings, the tableau and the additional research at the
library. (a combination of primary and secondary sources)
Each student in the group will be given a self and peer-evaluation form for accountability
purposes (so all students are accountable to the amount of work they contribute to their group) as
well as a short reflection on what they learned from the presentations and why they think there
can be multiple perspectives to one story. Please see Appendix B.
interpretations and perspectives to the same scene/story? Much of the assessment will come
in the form of anecdotal notes and observations made by the teacher as well as a written
piece (the self/peer evaluation form and reflection at the end).
Extension:
If students complete their task earlier, students are encouraged to design a Wordle (or a word
wall) with the most important terms and phrases they encountered with this lesson and
upload it onto the class webpage. This extension will allow the teacher to see what students
have retained and what information/new knowledge students have come across in the process
of completing this lesson.
References:
Aboriginal Documentary Heritage. (n.d.). In Library and Archieves Canada. Retrieved March 7,
2014, from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/aboriginal-heritage/020016-1000-e.html
Grade Level:
Overall Expectations/Objectives:
A2. use the social studies inquiry process to investigate some of the major challenges that
different groups and communities faced in Canada from around 1780 to 1850, and key measures
taken to address these challenges
Specific Expectations/Objectives:
A2.2 gather and organize information on major challenges facing different groups and
communities, and on measures taken to address these challenges, using a variety of primary
and/or secondary sources
A2.3 analyse and construct print and digital maps, including thematic maps, as part of their
investigations into challenges facing different groups and communities in Canada during this
period, and measures taken to address these challenges
A2.4 interpret and analyse information relevant to their investigations, using a variety of tools
A3.1 identify various First Nations and some Mtis communities in Upper and Lower
Canada from 1780 to 1850, including those living in traditional territory and those who
moved or were forced to relocate to new areas in response to European settlement, and locate the
areas where they lived, using print, digital, and/or interactive maps or a mapping program
Critical Tasks/Question:
What was the purpose of residential schools and why were they implemented?
Overview:
Students will be exploring the website "Where are the Children" in the computer lab in the form
of a "scavenger hunt". A checklist/fill in the blank sheet will be provided where students will
need to find certain information to ensure they truly explore the website in depth. Students will
then be numbered off into small groups of 4-5 students and asked to prepare a short, informal
presentation about what they learned from the Where are the Children website. The teacher will
also be providing each group with a map of Canada and students are to indicate the location of
residential schools and explore why residential schools are situated in those particular areas.
Objectives:
In this lesson I would like my students to analyze the topic of residential schools in Canada. The
critical challenge question is "what is the purpose of residential schools and why were they
implemented". By exploring the wide variety of materials (which includes primary sources)
available on the site, students would hopefully be able to answer the question from many facets
and compare and contrast the "official story" (government perspective/justification) from the
"untold story" of those who were actually put into residential schools. Why are there different
perspectives? From this, I would like students to take away an understanding that history itself
may not always be simply black and white and that many perspectives can exist in vast grey
areas.
Broad Understanding:
The broad understanding I would like my students to take away from this lesson is that
residential schools is a sensitive topic in Canadian history because there are very opposing
perspectives on the issue. The polar perspectives should remind students that there is always
more than one side to a story and that sometimes we need to dig deeper in order to comprehend
the full issue rather than simply taking things at its face value.
Strategies:
- a "scavenger list" will be provided to guide students through their exploration of the site (to
ensure they explore the website in depth)
- verbal prompts will be provided by the teacher in circulation when the groups are working
together to compile their research and prepare for their presentation to provoke critical
thinking
- prompt questions on paper will be provided to each group to remind students what to
include in their presentations
- self/peer assessment sheets will be given to teach student in the group to ensure
accountability and group effort
Habits of Mind:
- Critical Thinking
- Making connections
Students will be given a "scavenger list" to take with them to the computer lab where each
student (individual work) will have to explore the site "Where Are the Children?", find
information and fill in the scavenger chart as a preliminary task. While the students are exploring
the site, the teacher will be walking around to provide support/prompt questions to help students
maneuver around the website. After most students have completed the scavenger hunt sheet, the
teacher will number off the students into small groups of 4-5.
Once students have been numbered off, each group will have to pool their information/research
together and put together a short, informal (around 5 minutes) presentation on what they learned
from the website. Each group will also be provided a map of Canada where students will have to
indicate the location of residential schools and include why they think residential schools are
located in certain areas as part of the presentation. Each group will be given a list of prompt
questions/topics to include in their presentations.
Students will be given 20-30 minutes to do additional research and prepare for their
presentations. At this time, the teacher will be circulating around to observe how the students are
working together (making anecdotal notes) as well as prompting students with questions and
topics to cover in their presentations. It should be noted that ALL students in the group must say
something during the presentation (accountability measure) and each student in the group will be
assessing not only themselves but also each other in the contribution they each make to the
group.
Along with the self and peer assessment sheet, each student will have to write a short reflection
(homework) to be handed in as a check for understanding about what they learned/found
interesting and or challenges they encountered during this lesson. The teacher may also use these
reflections as a feedback mechanism to improve/change the lesson for future usage. (*please see
Appendix B)
Extension:
If I decide to spend more time on this lesson, I would perhaps assign a different residential
school location to each group and ask the groups to prepare a poster board and presentation
on each specific location. This extension will allow students to further their research skills
and learn more about specific residential schools. The poster board will be another form of
assessment (other than oral presentation) and can evolve into a "gallery walk" where one
class can be set aside for students to see and discuss/question each other's projects.
References:
A history of residential schools. (n.d.). In CBC News. Retrieved March 7, 2014, from
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/a-history-of-residential-schools-in-canada-1.702280
Thenhier. (n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2014, from http://www.thenhier.ca/en/teaching-resources
Where are the Children. (n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2014, from
http://www.wherearethechildren.ca/en/
Why?
AFTER DEBATE
Position:
REFLECTION:
Did you change your position after hearing points from your classmates? Why or why not? What
was the decisive point for deciding your final position? What other information would you like
to find out about this topic? What were some of the challenges in this debate?
Please rate each category OUT OF 4. Level 4 is exceeding expectations. L1 is well below
expectations.
Name of Student:
(yourself as #1)
Cooperation
Workload (did
this person take
on his/her fair
share?)
Willingness Contribution
to listen to
of Ideas
others
Effort
Additional Comments:
What were some of the challenges you came across during this assignment? How did you
overcome these challenges as a group? If you could change one thing about this assignment,
what would it be?
Total
(max of
20)