Legal and Ethical Topics

Copyright
The exclusive right to make copies, license, and otherwise exploit a literary,
musical, or artistic work, whether printed, audio, video, etc.
U.S. copyright laws protect 8 types of tangible expression: literary works,
musical works, dramatic works, pantomimes and choreography, pictorial,
graphic and sculptural works, motion pictures, sound recordings, and
architectural works.
Until 1983 Copyright Law didnt protect works unless the author included the
symbol, but now all creative works are automatically copyrighted.

Only works published before 1923 or produced by the government are clearly
in the public domain.
https://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm
Works in the public domain are those whose intellectual property rights have
expired, have been forfeited, or are inapplicable. Examples include the works
of Shakespeare and Beethoven, most of the early silent films, the formulae of
Newtonian physics, and powered flight.
In its most general sense, a fair use is any copying of copyrighted material
done for a limited and transformative purpose, such as to comment upon,
criticize, or parody a copyrighted work. Such uses can be done without
permission from the copyright owner. In other words, fair use is a defense
against a claim of copyright infringement. If your use qualifies as a fair use,
then it would not be considered an illegal infringement. - See more at:

http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fairuse/#sthash.LYos8x4l.dpuf
Copyright doesnt protect ideas, only specific expressions of ideas.
Copyright law gives authors, including filmmakers, the exclusive right to:
make copies, make adaptations, translations, publicly distribute, publicly
display, and publicly perform.
Creators of works have a way in which to control how their work is controlled
and digested by the public, and that is by using a site called Creative
Commons. The site allows individuals to decide whether or no they wish to
place their material online for non-commercial use, and it also allows them to
transfer copyrights to distributors or funders.
Copyrights give artists an ability to MAKE MONEY off of their works.
Copyrights seek to provide artists with the materials necessary to create their
own works.
Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Alex Kozinski said,
Creativity is impossible without a rich public domain. He also said,
nothing since we tamed fire is new: culture, like science and technology
grows by accretion, each new creator building on the works of those who
came before.
Errors and Omission Insurance, otherwise known as E & O insurance, it used
by large distribution channels, like HBO or PBS, to cover possible lawsuits.
E & O insurance is only required to get access to conventional distribution
channels, and thus excludes the alternative methods of distribution, such as
YouTube, and other various mediums via the Internet.
All of the above information was obtained from: Tales from the
Public Domain: Bound by Law? Written by: Keith Aoki, James Boyle,
Jennifer Jenkins and Foreword by: Davis Guggenheim

Flipping the Classroom

In a flipped class, students can acquire knowledge at home by means of

audio, video, and text, so in class time can be utilized to discuss, explore and
experiment with material.
Pros
Provides multiple pathways to gain knowledge and understanding
New learning opportunities can emerge
Implementation of technology into curriculums allows teachers to keep
material fresh and relevant
Can eliminate some of the time used in the classroom to break down and
explain material, and thus create more possibilities for teachers to engage
students with material through: in class reading, acting things out,
experiments in science classes, discussion, debates, problem-solving,
analysis, application, and other various techniques

Having resources available at students disposal for them to be able to revisit

at any time, allows the teachers to continue to be able to move forward with
new material, rather than having to consistently revisit and/or reteach
material
Helps students develop practical habits, wherein they gain the ability to more
responsible for their own education, which will assist them in pursuits of
higher education
Applications such as Augmented Reality can create unique and creative
settings for students to use in their learning, while also allowing them to feel
as though they are a part of the process themselves
Cons
Can pose issues for students who dont have access to the technology
necessary to utilize the tools of the flipped classroom, which could include:
student not having a computer, student not having access to the internet
Younger students might not yet be equipped with the abilities necessary to
understand content on their own
Places greater responsibility on the students to learn on their own time
Questions and concerns oftentimes cannot be addressed in real time

Issues Surrounding the Digital Divide

FUNDING!!!! Closing the GAP currently found between funding needed for
digital implementation in schools will require BILLIONS of dollars
E-rate program (program implemented by the federal government to
subsidize telecommunications spending by schools and libraries) has
stagnated
Access to necessary bandwidth is often a dilemma for schools in using the
internet
Creating funding for necessary technology, can oftentimes take money away
from other necessary resources such as, phones
Cost of broadband needs to even out for it to more feasible for schools to
implement internet service
Learning to use and implement the technology once we have the resources
available, will be a huge transitional challenge

Issues Surrounding Cyber Bullying

The anonymous nature of the internet can create an environment, wherein

peers act in manners outside of themselves, and oftentimes can lead to
malicious behavior
Rumors are a major issue for students in the cyber world, because things can
spread very quickly and escalate even faster
With cyber bullying it is easier for the aggressor to act out against the victim,
because the emotional reactions arent as relevant

Lines between what is considered to be simple teasing and cyberbullying are

tricky to differentiate, and sometimes individuals dont realize the effects
their actions have on those whom they ridicule
Identifying cyberbullying for teachers, parents, and other school staff
members is often difficult due to its presence outside of the classroom
With cyberbullying it is more difficult for individuals to defends friends and
classmates, because of its previously mentioned anonymous nature

Below are links to all the information have given above.

Copyright and Fair Use
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/copyright
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/
Flipping the Classroom
http://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/flipping-the-classroom/
http://www.edutopia.org/blog/flipped-classroom-learning-upside-down-beth-holland
Digital Divide
http://hechingerreport.org/content/can-schools-close-technology-gap-much-willcost_15911/
http://www.edutopia.org/blog/augmented-reality-new-dimensions-learning-drewminock
http://www.techlearning.com/default.aspx?tabid=100&entryid=7409
Cyber Bullying
https://www.commonsensemedia.org/educators/lesson/cyberbullying-crossing-line6-8
https://www.commonsensemedia.org/educators/scope-and-sequence