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RULES OF MATHEMATICS
exRMwYZ (ALGEBRA)
eM, Nb, b, Drcv`K, Abywmv I gvb wbYqi m~
(a + b) 2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a + b) 2 = (a b) 2 + 4ab
(a b) 2 = a2 2ab + b2
(a b) 2 = (a + b) 2 4ab
a2 + b2 = (a + b) 2 2ab
a2 + b2 = (a b) 2 + 2ab
a2 b2 = (a + b) (a b)
2 (a2+b2) = (a + b) 2 + (a b) 2
(a + b + c) 2 = (a2 + b2 + c2) + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
(a2 + b2 + c2) = (a + b + c) 2 2(ab + bc + ca)
2 (ab + bc + ca) = (a + b + c) 2 (a2 + b2 + c2)
(a + b) 3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
(a + b) 3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)
(a b) 3 = a3 3a2b + 3ab2 b3
(a b) 3 = a3 b3 3ab (a b)
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 ab + b2)
a3 + b3 = (a + b) 3 3ab (a + b)
a3 b3 = (a b) (a2 + ab + b2)
a3 b3 = (a b) 3 + 3ab (a b)
(a + b + c) 3 = a3 + b3 + c3 + 3 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca)
a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = (a + b + c) { (a b) 2 + (b c) 2 + (c a) 2 }
4ab = (a + b) 2 (a b) 2
ab = ( ) (
)
x2
(x + a) (x + b) = + (a + b) x + ab
(x + a) (x b) = x2 + (a b) x ab
(x a) (x + b) = x2 + (b a) x ab
(x a) (x b) = x2 (a + b) x + ab
(x + p) (x + q) (x + r) = x3 + (p + q + r) x2 + (pq + qr + rp) x +pqr
bc (b c) + ca (c a) + ab (a b) = (b c) (c a) (a b)
a2 (b c) + b2 (c a) + c2 (a b) = (b c) (c a) (a b)
a (b2 c2) + b (c2 a2) + c (a2 b2) = (b c) (c a) (a b)
a3 (b c) + b3 (c a) + c3 (a b) = (b c) (c a) (a b) (a + b + c)
m~PK
am . an = am+n
0
= amn
0
3
(ab)n = anbn
an =
/
1 2 =
4
0
a0 = 1
0
a = 5a
0
(am)n = amn
/
0
a = 5a6
jMvwi`g
[ a > 0 Ges a 1 ]
89: ; =
ABCD >
89: 1 = 0
ABCD
89: a = 1
89: b =
0
a > 0 Ges ax = ay nj , x = y
aviv
ABCD
89: 5; = 89: ;
3
x
x > 0 Ges a = bx nj , a = b
(FG)
+ 1
a I b Gi mgvi gaK =
()
1+2+3+.....+n=
3(3)
1 + 3 + 5 + . . . . . + n = n2
2 + 4 + 6 + . . . . . + n = n (n + 1)
3(3)(3)
12 + 22 + 32 + . . . . . + n2 =
13 + 23 + 33 + . . . . . + n3 = K
Yvi avivi ,
n Zg c` = arn1
n msLK c`i mgw =
(<0 G)
AwZfzR
fwg
c9t =
j^
SBTUS
c9sec =
TV3
+
=1
sec2 tan2 = 1
c9sec2 c9t2 = 1
sin2
;r<1
G<
<
wKvYwgwZ (Tri:9n9metry)
sin = j^
sin =
;r>1
<G
(G<0 )
a + ar + ar2 + arn =
J
3(3)
c9s2
KvY
sin
0
0
c9s
tan
c9t
AmsvwqZ
sec
c9sec
AmsvwqZ
60 mK = 1 wgwbU
c9s = .fwg
tan = j^
tan =
AwZfzR
AwZfzR
sec = .
fwg
c9s =
sec =
sin2
TUS
SBT
=1
sec2 = 1 + tan2
c9sec2 = c9t2 + 1
30
30
1
2
53
2
1
53
53
2
53
2
fwg
AwZfzR
c9sec =
j^
c9s2
45
45
1
c9t =
SBW
W3
= 1 sin2
tan2 = sec2 1
c9t2 = c9sec2 1
c9s2
52
1
60
60
53
2
1
2
53
AmsvwqZ
52
1
90
90
1
0
52
53
2
AmsvwqZ
52
60 wgwbU = 1 wWwM
53
90 wWwM = 1 mgKvY
1 = 1
\'
1c = (
\'
[
)]
2q PZzfv M
1g PZzfv M
3q PZzfvM
4_ PZzfvM
KvY = (n @ 90 )
n weRvo nj, sin ^ c9s , tan ^ c9t , sec ^ c9sec
1g PZzfv M cZK KvY abvZK (+)
2q PZzfvM sin I c9sec abvZK (+) Ges evwKjv FYvZK ()
3q PZzfv M tan I c9t abvZK (+) Ges evwKjv FYvZK ()
4_ PZzfvM c9s I sec abvZK (+) Ges evwKjv FYvZK ()
sin () = sin
c9s () = c9s
tan () = tan
sec () = sec
c9t () = c9t c9sec () = c9sec
cwiwgwZ (;easurement)
AvqZi `N a GKK I c b GKK nj,
dj, A = ab eMGKK
cwimxgv, s = 2(a +b) GKK
KY, d = 5a + b GKK
eMi GK evi `N a GKK nj,
dj, A = a2 eMGKK
cwimxgv, s = 4a GKK
KY, d = a52 GKK
i^mi GK evi `N a GKK I KYq d1, d2 nj,
dj, A = ah eMGKK
Aacwimxgv, s =
GKK
dj, A = as (s a) (s b) (s c) eMGKK
dj, A = ab sin eMGKK
5b
a
c
eMGKK
bJ'
bJ'
@ er eMGKK
@ 2er GKK [ = KvYi wWwM cwigvc ]
AvqZb, V = er h NbGKK
b
fi (Vect9r)
Avw`we`y A I Awe`y B nj, H w`Kwb`kK iLvsk gggggh
AB viv m~wPZ Kiv nq, Gi `N
gggggh
ggggghi Ges gAB
ggggh = BA
A
>
B A
iAB
gggggh + gBC
ggggh = AB
ggggh
fi hvMi wfzR wewa t gAC
gggggh = gBC
ggggh AB
ggggh
fi weqvMi wfzR wewa t gAC
wfzRi evqi GKB g viv m~wPZ fiqi hvMdj k~b
B
C
g
g
g
ggggh
ggggh
ggggh
gggggh
GLvb, AB + BC = AC = (CA)
D
C
gggggh + CA
gggggh = gggggh
gggggh + BC
ggggh = 0
CA gCA
A_vr, AB
gggggh
ggggh = AB
gggggh + AD
fi hvMi mvgvwiK wewa t gAC
A
B
fi hvMi wewbgq wewa t hKvbv u, v fii Rb u+v = v+u
fi hvMi mshvM wewa t hKvbv u, v, w Gi Rb (u+v)+w = u+(v+w)
fi hvMi eRb wewa t hKvbv u, v, w Gi Rb u+v = v+w nj, v=w
fi mvsLwYZK msv eb my t m, n `yBwU jvi I u, v `yBwU fi nj
(m+n)u=mu + nu Ges m(u+v) = mu + mv
B
AwefwKiY my t A, B we`yi Aevb fi h_vg a, b nj
n
Ges AB iLvsk C we`yZ m:n AbycvZ Awef nj,
C
b
36
c
C we`yi Aevb fi, c =
m
63
O
A
a
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