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( Bibliography )

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(13) Nautical Almanac, 1916.
(14) Whitekar's Almanac, 1936.
(15 ) Elements of Astronomy ( G . W. Parker )
(16) Atlas of Popular Astronomy (Thomas Heath)
(17) The Modern Cyclopedia ( C. Annandale)
(18) Pear's Cyclopedia ( Herbert C. Barret)
(19) The Nutall Encyclopaedia (Christ & Haydon )
(20) Jack's Referedce Book ( T . C. cfc E . C. Jack Ltd)
(21) History of the Saracens ( Ameer A l i )
(22) Civilization in Ancient India ( R. C Dutt)

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a^-atgf^ffjfar ^it^ sh(,
a a ^ feqt,
a%aT art atqr, Pcma,
(fao 5Ta-a^TT5)

^. ^srana ftfiBa?Tai at^p-arrraat ( a . a.)

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