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  • Plasma and The Discovery of The Electron

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    Scientists in the late 19th century discovered that cathode rays were actually streams of charged particles while experimenting with vacuum tubes. J.J. Thomson proved that these particles, which he called "corpuscules," were subatomic particles with a specific charge, which he called electrons. His discovery of electrons explained previously unsolved phenomena and established them as primary building blocks of atoms. Plasma, the fourth state of matter, was identified in the late 19th century during research on cathode rays and heat. It occurs when gas is heated to high temperatures or subjected to strong electromagnetic fields, which causes atoms to break into charged particles and ions. Plasma makes up 99% of the visible matter in the universe.

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    Scientists in the late 19th century discovered that cathode rays were actually streams of charged particles while experimenting with vacuum tubes. J.J. Thomson proved that these particles, which he called "corpuscules," were subatomic particles with a specific charge, which he called electrons. His discovery of electrons explained previously unsolved phenomena and established them as primary building blocks of atoms. Plasma, the fourth state of matter, was identified in the late 19th century during research on cathode rays and heat. It occurs when gas is heated to high temperatures or subjected to strong electromagnetic fields, which causes atoms to break into charged particles and ions. Plasma makes up 99% of the visible matter in the universe.

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    61 vizualizări13 pagini

    Plasma and The Discovery of The Electron

    Încărcat de

    api-282529907
    Scientists in the late 19th century discovered that cathode rays were actually streams of charged particles while experimenting with vacuum tubes. J.J. Thomson proved that these particles, which he called "corpuscules," were subatomic particles with a specific charge, which he called electrons. His discovery of electrons explained previously unsolved phenomena and established them as primary building blocks of atoms. Plasma, the fourth state of matter, was identified in the late 19th century during research on cathode rays and heat. It occurs when gas is heated to high temperatures or subjected to strong electromagnetic fields, which causes atoms to break into charged particles and ions. Plasma makes up 99% of the visible matter in the universe.

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    din 13

    Discovery of the

    Electron
    By: David Khazzam
    Grade 11 Chemistry

    Fun Fact
    The Greeks discovered electricity by rubbing
    amber with fur.
    The word electricity comes from the greek word
    elektron, which means amber.

    Scientists working with Cathode Rays


    Heinrich Geissler: Improved vacuum tube
    Julius Plcker: Discovered cathode rays
    Johann W. Hittorf: Proved rays came from cathode
    William Crookes: Used magnetic fields
    J.J.Thomson: Proved electrons exist, are particles

    J.J. Thomson and the Electron


    Experimenting with cathode rays, found
    corpuscules
    Experiment with positive and negative plates,
    proved Hertz wrong
    Found specific charge of electrons
    Explains why electrons can penetrate metal
    plates

    Plasma
    By: David Khazzam
    Grade 11 Chemistry

    Introduction of Plasma
    Three or four states of matter?
    Greeks four elements
    Created by heating gas
    or subjecting it to a
    strong electromagnetic
    field

    Discovery of Plasma
    1879: William Crookes discovered it
    1897: J.J. Thomson identified it
    1928: Irving Langmuir coined the term plasma
    Hannes Alfn studied it

    Characteristics
    Breaks molecular bonds
    Negative electrons, positive ions
    Radiates light
    Creates magnetic fields

    Examples of Plasma
    Makes up 99% of visible matter in the universe
    Hottest candle flame
    Northern Lights
    Neon Sign
    Lightning
    Glowing Nebula
    Sun

    Uses for Plasma


    Micro-electronics
    Singing candle
    Fluorescent light bulbs
    Nuclear fusion
    Tokamak

    Bibliography Page 1
    Castellano, Javier. "Re: How Was Plasma Discovered." MadSci Network. N.p., 2 Nov. 2000. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://www.
    madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-11/973706828.Sh.r.html>.
    Different types of Plasma. Digital image. History & Future - Plasma: The Fourth State of Matter. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015.
    <http://humantouchofchemistry.com/plasma-the-fourth-state-of-matter.htm>.
    The Discovery of the Electron (2 of 15). Perf. Dr Brian Cox. YouTube. Science and Technology Facilities Council, 1 Mar. 2008.
    Web.21 Mar. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdTxGJjA4Jw>.
    "Discovery of the Electron." Cambridge Physics. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.
    uk/camphy/electron/electron_index.htm>.
    "Electron." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Mar. 2015. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron>.
    Electrons. Digital image. Gallery Hip. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://www.45-minuten-bis-ramallah.de/wpcontent/uploads/2014/04/Logo-Electron-Libre.jpg>.
    "Hannes Alfvn." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Feb. 2015. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.
    org/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n>.
    Kross, Brian. "What Is Plasma?" Jefferson Lab. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://education.jlab.org/qa/plasma_01.html>.
    "A Look Inside the Atom." American Institute of Physics. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://www.aip.
    org/history/electron/jjhome.htm>.
    Northern Lights. Digital image. A Northern Lights Treat For Canada. Canada John Oliver Blick, 9 Jan. 2014. Web. 21 Mar. 2015.
    <http://www.cjob.com/2014/01/09/20116/>.

    Bibliography Page 2
    "Plasma (physics)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Mar. 2015. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%
    28physics%29>.
    "The Plasma State." Space Weather Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://www.spaceweathercenter.
    org/amazing_plasmas/02/02.html>.
    "Solid, Liquid, Gas or Plasma?" Magic Schoolbook. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://www.magicschoolbook.com/science/pscience3.html>.
    States of Matter. Digital image. Superhero Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://questgarden.
    com/75/22/0/081214000133/task.htm>.
    Tokamak. Digital image. Ideas 2020. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. <http://www.ideen2020.de/wp-content/uploads/slideshowgallery/6_Tokamak3D_30.png>.
    Trefil, James. "Discovery of Electrons." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Feb. 2015. Web. 21 Mar.
    2015. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/41549/atom/48354/Discovery-of-electrons>.
    Viatour, Luc. Plasma Lamp. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 31 Dec. 2003. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://en.
    wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29#/media/File:Plasma-lamp_2.jpg>.
    "What Is a Plasma?" Coalition for Plasma Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://www.plasmacoalition.org/what.htm>.
    Williams, Matt. "Plasma." Universe Today. N.p., 24 Feb. 2011. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. <http://www.universetoday.
    com/84361/plasma/>.

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