Dorothy McIlroy Bird Sanctuary

Management Plan
2013 Update/Revision
Preserve Management Committee Approval Date: <date>
Preserve Management Committee Members:

MANAGEMENT PLANNING STATUS

The first official management plan for the Dorothy McIlroy Bird Sanctuary was drawn up in 2002/2003, and
subsequently approved by the Preserve Management Committee on January 21st, 2003. While the elapsed
10 years since the original plan already warrants an update, the Preserve itself has undergone significant
expansion and change during this time as well.
This Plan builds on previous management plan (2003), and content in previous management plans should be
reviewed in context with this update/revision. Important background material, descriptions, past management
considerations, and other information in previous plans may not be repeated in this plan and should not be
discarded.

BACKGROUND & PROPERTY OVERVIEW

Cayuga County, Town of Summerhill, Lake Como Road and Peth Road. (See maps).
Part of the Summerhill Rich Fen Complex.
Town of Summerhill Tax Parcel #s 234-1-25.11, 234-1-19.2, part of 234-1-22.2
Exact surveyed acreage of the Preserve is 258.6
-The trail is approximately 1 mile long with section of boardwalk lasting 200 linear feet over 5 sections.
- Since the previous management plan, the McIlroy Preserve has undergone extensive expansion, including
several new tracts of land, with the total property size now almost double of what it was prior to these
additions. Through this growth, the Land Trust has effectively succeeded in increasing its protective efforts
and management responsibilities within the unique and vital Summerhill Rich Fen Complex. Please see
Appendix 1 for a detailed description of the parcels acquired.
-The Summerhill Fen and Forest Complex buffers along Fall Creek, Fillmore Glen and through Lake Como.

CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT GOALS

- Protect and connect key parcels of the Summerhill Rich Fen Complex.

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Commented [CO1]: Good Job overall Catherine! Youve

been able to pull a lot of information from the files and
summarize it. I have a few comments down below. In
addition, to finish up your draft I would focus on formatting
and final edits. Look to make sure there are no typos, bullets
and paragraphs lined up properly, headings in the right
places, delete any notes to yourself, change text color to all
black, etc. Then give it one final careful read through just to
make sure that everything sounds right to you and that the
wording is as objective and factful and professional as you
can get it.

- Protect a significant part of the Fall Creek drainage and a part of the Cayuga Lake watershed from
degradation.
- Protect a diverse array of bird species and other wildlife including Black-throated Warblers, Great Blue
Herons Hairy Woodpeckers.
- Protect a diverse array of plant species - especially those restricted to this fen/peat land habitat. The
preserve has a number of wild orchids on it.
- Provide opportunities for low-impact public outdoor recreation (principally nature observation, hiking,
snow-shoeing, and cross-country skiing); including access for people with mobility impairments/disabilities

- On 2/3/2003, the Bugh parcel, with a size of 27.87 acres has been officially acquired.
- From 2003 to 2013 length extensions have been added to several of the boardwalks throughout the preserve
-In April 2003, Betsy, Tom Reimers, and Gail Blake, made a special environmental audit of the Bond
Preserve. In May 2003, the Land Trust received $15k to devote to the cleanup of the Bugh and Bond
preserves.
- Due to excessive amounts of physical waste and garbage on the land upon purchase, the Bond Parcel
underwent extensive cleanup projects with the help of Land Trust volunteers in March of 2003. 2 cars, a
wagon and hay loader were removed from the property in 2004. Volunteers removed loads of junk and trash
from the entry trail in April and May 2004. In 2005, much of the garbage build-up behind houses was
removed by volunteers.
- The Bond tract, 0.7 acres, was acquired on 4/3/2003, resulting from an agreement between the Land Trust
and Pyramid. A wetland mitigation project was enacted by the Land Trust between May and June of 2003.
-Lake Como was treated with Dipotassium Salt of Endothall on May 5th, 2004 in order to control the Eurasia
milfoil population.
-2004 yielded some vandalism (shots through signs and profane markings) and sign theft issues

-- Repeated flooding of Lake Como, due to beaver activity and damming within the lakes outlet, has led to
several instances of neighbors taking it upon themselves to enter Land Trust property and destroying the
beaver dams. Kids were seen in May 2005 on a boat destroying a beaver dam, another on shore on an ATV.
The sheriff was contacted when they explained someone had hired them. This lead to increased action in
order to control the dams, and a beaver damage permit was issued to Betsy in November 2005, allowing her

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to disturb the dams, and another 2006, this time with use of machinery authorized. There have been ongoing
issues with residents breaching dams entirely and without permission. Jason had correspondence with a
resident of Lake Como about high water levels due to beaver habitat. It was recommended that water-level
control devices be introduced. Nick began the installation of a pond leveler for the beaver dam in 2009,
maintained through November 2012,
- A group of 3 boys were found camping on the preserve in April 2006 where they were discovered by Nick.
They were told to leave and dissemble there tent. Nick spoke with them harshly about cutting down baby
hemlocks for a shelter and how important the wetland ecosystems were. The boys were compliant and
cooperative.
-Septic issues were discovered on the DuBois settlement in 2006 by Nick and Betsy. This lead to a long
standing disagreement paired with several issues with this neighbor. There was unauthorized bulldozing
noticed by Nick in June 2007, in addition to a junked pick-up truck, a makeshift driveway, and several
uprooted young trees within preserve borders. The septic system was still leaking despite all the overturned
soil on to top of it. A summons was sent on two occasions, one in 2006 by the Board of Health when it was
first discovered, and again in 2007 as the dirt piled on top of the leak was not an adequate fix. There was also
apparent ATV damage coming from her property. The main argument stemmed from a disagreement of
boundaries, which were then clearly marked by Betsy and Nick by July 2007.
-Permanent black locust signs were installed at the parking area in 2009 by Chris, Nick, and intern Emma
Hileman. They were designed by Bob MacNamara in 2003.
-A complete list of flora and fauna was compiled in February 2009 after several walks and observations by
local organizations over the years and it remains updated with occasional reports.
--Andy proposes allowing hunting on the preserve to the Board of Directors in 2004. As assessed by Natural
Areas Director of Cornell Plantations, Charlie Smith, NYSDEC biologist, Dave Odell, and others, they
advised hunting as an effective method of preserving the preserves rare flora. Nick opposed this motion, but
eventually in 2009 agreed to a limited number of respectful bow-hunters. Hunting was enacted in 2009.
Since the original management plan, the preserve has become one of the many Land Trust preserves that
permit the hunting of deer within its boundaries through the Land Trusts deer management program. This
program has set up two separate hunting zones within the preserve, totaling 85 acres of allotted land. One
exists on the Maneri Preserve.
-In 2010, Chris and a volunteer replaced boundary signs and took down old ones. There were still
encroachments of un-mowed lawns and a swimming pool behind the neighboring homes. There was also
ATV erosion spreading from one house to the preserve. A woman from the Harman house claimed she could
not tell where the boundaries were and it was decided that a surveyor should be hired to redefine the exact
boundary so that it can be clearly marked. When Chris attempted to reinforce and clearly mark boundaries,
the tenants husband came out and demanded a professional surveyor do the markings. By May 2012,
existing encroachments of the pool, doghouse, and other belongings had been removed and the boundary line
was still up and being respected. Grass has grown back and the issue was resolved.

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- In December 2011 the Land Trust acquired the Empire Pipeline property, increasing the total size of the
preserve and enhancing connections to neighboring protected lands.
-Matthew Young conducted a botanical survey in 2011, currently working on transferring the project to
another botanist in order to monitor potential ecological changes in a long term timeline.
- In June of 2012, a backhoe, forklift, tools, and a tree stump from a neighboring construction project were
removed from Preserve property by the builder, John Hammond. The equipment had been placed on Land
Trust property unintentionally.
- The Maneri tract was closed on November 4, 2011, adding 86.58. The Land Trust received a federal grant
of $49,450 in order to obtain and protect 83 acres adjacent to the preserve with several species as of 2013.
-It was proposed on August 23rd by the Lake Como Association to aquatic biologist Scott Prindle that grass
carp be introduced to Lake Como in order to control a weed problem. This would require barrier to be
installed around the lake to prevent the carp from interfering with the pristine wetlands surrounding the lakes
inlet and outlet. This poses a number of potential changes to the ecology of the lake and surrounding areas,
including algae blooms, increased grass carp predators, and decreased fish diversity due to the barrier of the
fence, the removal of a hemlock grove. Nick also pointed out several points regarding maintenance of the
fence, including the need for the construction of a trench and routine unclogging. A letter of disapproval was
sent to the Lake association on October 28th 2013 regarding our concerns of the unintended side effects of
the Lake and its watershed in response to the decreased vegetation and increased fecal levels due to the crap,
the prevention of free movement of native fauna in and out of the lake and its unknown effect, the
uncertainty of maintenance commitment, potential of breeching, prevention of public recreational pursuits
and nature observation via kayaking and canoes, potential for the fence to become an unintentional dam
because of leaves and other debris leading to more flooding, and the unsightliness the fence would introduce
to the unique and natural landscape.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NEXT 5-10 YEAR PERIOD BEGINNING IN 2013

Consolidate all parcels under one tax number.
Expansion of the hunting program to include the new Maneri tract.
Monitor closely for hemlock wooly adelgid; this would be a priority area for treatment given the
importance of the hemlocks to the ecosystem.

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APPENDICES
[Background information about the acquisition, details about parcels acquired, descriptions of the natural
and human features of the property, status of neighbors and neighboring lands, maps, and a summary of any
legal encumbrances that apply to the property or parts of the property should already be on file in the
original management plan. If there is a reason to-state or add new detail to any of this, appendices for doing
that can be inserted here (see the 2011 Lindsay-Parson Preserve Management Plan Update/Revision as an
example).]
[In the samples below, delete anything not applicable or revise as necessary.]

APPENDIX 1 -- PARCEL ACQUISITION UPDATE & SUMMARY

See 2003 Management Plan for acquisition details of parcels acquired prior to 2003.

Parcels Acquired Since 2003:

DESCRIPTION:
-South and west of Fall Creek. Approximately 1/3 of this property is hemlock/yellow birch forested fen,
while the remaining 2/3 are small fields, young hardwood forest and marshy areas. Ecological communities
found are: shrub swamp, rich hemlock/hardwood peat swamp, vernal pools, marshy headwaters stream (Fall
Creek/outflow) and successional old field.
-The northeastern boundary is along Fall Creek and the southern tip of Lake Como. Approximately 1400
feet of Lake Como Rd. runs along the western side of the parcel. A narrow dirt lane (Fire Lane A) runs
through the property and is part of the parcel. This will give us another good access to the nature preserve.
-The parcels northern border is at the back of the southerly Lake Como cottage properties.
-A moderate amount of household rubbish was lying at the edge of the hemlock/yellow birch swamp, down
the bank from a large meadow. Volunteers removed most of this in October 2002. Also on the property,
near Lake Como Rd., are the remains of an old house that was demolished shortly after Dr. Bugh purchased
the land, which has since been cleared up.

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HISTORY:
The Bugh property was offered as a gift to the Land Trust from Dr. James Bugh, who bought it from a
farmer who no longer wanted to farm, in order to have unobstructed access to his cottage. Dr. Bughs wife
had a cottage on the land, and when she died he returned it her family while he kept the deeds to the land.
Since he did not use the land for anything nor had a plan to, he offered it as a donation. There was a fair
amount of debris and an old house, completely unlivable, existing on the property at the time of donation that
has since been taken care of.

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Bond Tract
DESCRIPTION:
This parcel, acquired only a few months after the first management plan (April 3rd, 2003), is a small,
undeveloped lot that sits about halfway along the western edge of the Preserve and a section of Lake Como
Road. Although, to date, the property does not currently have any infrastructure improvements, the land
could act as a secondary parking area if needed.
LAND USE HISTORY:
Upon transfer to the Land Trust, this parcel was filled with extensive amounts of physical waste, garbage,
and so on. This was quickly dealt with, and the property has remained undeveloped since.

Empire Pipeline
DESRIPTION:
-15 acres that border the properties of Maneri and cultivated field, Ripley, Burhans, Cutler School Rd, and
Peth Road, donated by Empire Pipeline Company..
-Closed by FLLT on December 16th, 2011.
-Gas lease existed with Niezgoda on the land and was suspended on September 22nd 2010 before the land
was acquired.

LAND USE HISTORY:

-Previously owned by Niezgoda where it was leased to Chesapeake Appalachia, L.L.C. and then was sold to
Empire Pipeline Company. 2 lots existed on the land, one where Niezgoda reserved the right to utilize the
land for agriculture, and the other being 15 acres of wetland owned entirely by Empire. This is parcel that
was donated.
-Chris marked a 6 foot neck cut in from the road.
-A tree stand was found in Jan 2012 near the trail

Maneri Tract
DESCRIPTION: Bordered by the Preserve on both the east and west, Peth Road and Lake Como Road to the
south, and an agricultural field to the north. The Environmental Hazards Assessment conducted by FLLT
staff showed that there was no distressed vegetation, stains, drains, or odors. However, there was some
household trash and tires that had been overgrown, but that was the only sign of unnatural materials within
the tract. Officially closed on 11/42013
LAND USE HISTORY: Old time agriculture (1938-1963), then was slightly wooded and overgrown, now a
mowed field.

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Commented [CO2]: Provide more complete sentences and

more detail about the land use history. Did you view old
aerial images? If so, describe and give image dates. Was the
wetland area always the same as it is now, or was some of it
drained for agriculture?

Summary of All Tracts Acquired:

1. Bugh Tract

August 28th 2003

Purchased

27.87 acres

2. Bond Tract

April 3rd, 2003

Purchased

0.7 acres

3. Empire Pipeline Tract

November 16th, 2011 Purchased

15.042 acres

4. Maneri Tract

August, 2013

Purchased

86.51 acres

5. CIG Enterprises

February

2nd,

2002

Purchased

45.02 acres

2nd.

2002

Purchased

69.5 acres

Purchased

13.89 acres

6.

Ripley

February

7.

Condes

June 2nd, 2002

Summary of Tax Parcel Consolidation:

234-1-25.1, 234-1-29, 233-1-33, 233-1-15.12, 244-1-23

APPENDIX 2 -- SUMMARY OF RIGHTS OF WAY AND

LEGAL ENCUMBRANCES
Rights of Way:

__. [List any utility, ingress/egress, or other rights-of-way and their legal status, and whether or not
they were pre-existing or granted by the Land Trust subsequent to acquiring the property; otherwise
put None.]

Check survey I found them confusing

Conservation Easements, Deed Restrictions, or Other Covenants:

__. [List any legal property restrictions and whether or not they were pre-existing or granted by the
Land Trust subsequent to acquiring the property; otherwise put None.]

__.

APPENDIX 3 -- PROBLEMS AND THREATS UPDATE

See 2003 Management Plan for summary of problems and threats prior to 2003.

Beavers: There is still a currently an issue of flooding and how beaver damage should be dealt with. The
dams are backing up the outlet, causing a higher water level of the lake and also causing flood damage to
some of the cottages. This is the reason for some unauthorized tampering with beaver dams on the preserve.
Levelers have been installed and any further tampering will be reported to the state.
Encroaching neighbors: There have been repeated and numerous encroachments by neighbors at this
preserve. There seems to be little knowledge of the preserves rules and regulations. Some common
encroachments include dumping or storage of personal items on preserve borders and other border violations,

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ATV use on preserve, and beaver dam breeching. These are more relevant in the summer when cottagers are
visiting for vacation.
Disappearing Yew and overgrazing: Due to an overpopulation of deer, food has become scarce and much
of the diverse plants that exist on McIlroy have become overgrazed. Hunting has been permitted on the
preserve in order to protect high priority plants, such as yew shrubs.
Potential fence installation: The Lake Como Association proposed the introduction of grass carp into the
lake in order to control the milfoil weeds, which would require a large fence in order to keep the fish from
exiting the outlet and wreaking havoc on Fall Creeks natural ecology. The fence would require up to 12
years of maintenance (average lifespan of carp), would prevent watercrafts from the in and out flow of the
lake, and the effects of impact to the ecosystem is unknown. For this reason, the Trust sent a letter of
disproval to the Association.
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid: This is a threat as hemlock grows in large numbers at this preserve. There are
currently both biological and chemical treatments available if the bug spreads eastward.

APPENDIX 4 -- SUMMARY OF FORMER MANAGEMENT DECISIONS/ACTIONS

<2003> Proposed Action: The Finger Lakes Land Trust will continue to obtain surrounding land (or
conservation easements) as resources and opportunities arise.
<2013> Update: We have since obtained ~130 acres of surrounding land for protection.
___
<2003> Proposed Action: Maintain friendly contact with neighbors.
<2013> Update: While most interactions have been cordial, there have been a few instances of dispute. No
report of bad interaction has existed since the Harman situation in 2010.
___
<2003> Proposed Action: Access to the preserve will be clearly marked and strictly managed to allow
people to enjoy the preserve while minimizing damage (e.g. boardwalks, marked trails).
<2013> Update: A mile long trail with areas of boardwalk has been constructed, complete with
outlook/bench area overlooking the stretch of fens. This exists from the parking area off Fire Lane A.
____
<2003> Proposed Action: The preserve steward will maintain pertinent signage and perform monitoring as
part of regular duties.

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<2013> Update: Signs have been installed and flora/fauna list have been regularly updated.
___
<2003> Proposed Action: Invasive, non-native shrubs may periodically be removed from this area. If
deemed appropriate, succession may be disrupted by mowing or comparable means as our resources and
inclination permit. Mowing should be limited to late summer/early fall, when all bird nesting has been
finished.
<2013> Update: This has yet to happen as well has the goal to create a mowed path from the fields to the
main trail.
____
<2003> Proposed Action: Trash should be removed where it extends into the preserve behind these house
lots (and on the Land Trusts 50-foot-wide access strip).
<2013> Update: This was cleaned up by volunteers in 2004-2005
___
<2003> Proposed Action: The preserves steward, and any other Finger Lakes Land Trust volunteer, will
monitor this boundary for signs of further encroachment, and maintain friendly contact with neighbors.
<2013> Update: Nick, our steward, has done an excellent job with maintaining friendly contact and
reporting any known encroachments.

APPENDIX 5 -SUMMARY OF RESEARCH PERMITS ISSUED

Date

Topic

Researcher(s)

Notes

Unfortunately, the Land Trust rarely receives results of research from the researchers, although it is a condition of the
permits that reports of findings/results are to be submitted.

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APPENDIX 6 -- NEIGHBOR UPDATES

Conservation Easements and/or Deed Restrictions on Neighboring Land:
None
Other Notes:
- In July of 2004, the owner of the globeflower section of Youngs fen expressed plans to develop an
artificial pond on said land.
- There have been only handful of incidents with vandalism within the Preserve over the past decade,
including broken trail signs, graffiti, dumping, and pamphlets scattered across the property.
- Although ATV use from neighbors has been the cause of several issues and incidents over the last 10 years,
this activity seems to have completely ceased over the past few years. It is assumed that those neighbors
involved have moved from the area.
- Upon purchase of the Cocca parcel, in late 2003, letters were sent from the Land Trust to all Preserve
neighbors notifying them of the purchase and informing them on the importance of protecting the
surrounding rich fen habitat.
- A man named Pete Spence purchased a 3-acre adjoining property next to the Cocca Parcel in May of 2006.
In 2011, he completed building a house away from the road on this property.
- In response to being propositioned by the Land Trust in March of 2012, Pastor John Aukema agreed to
brush-hog the Preserve field near his property whenever necessary.
-Nick Gavrielides is a resident volunteer steward
-In 2007, there was a number of issued surrounding the property of Patricia DuBois, starting with a backed
up septic system
-Kathleen Wray (607-592-4672), met in 2012, has built a cottage near the North Line.
-Lake Como residents may be engaged in a federal program to harvest geese as of 2013

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APPENDIX 7
GENERAL GOALS AND MANAGEMENT ACTIONS FOR ALL FLLT PRESERVES
The following goals and management considerations/actions that are applicable to all preserves owned and managed
by the Finger Lakes Land Trust are a revision of general goals and management actions stated and/or referenced in
previous management plans, and are intended to replace and supersede those earlier goal and management statements.

GENERAL GOALS FOR ALL FLLT PRESERVES

Preserve and protect naturally occurring physical and biological features of the property, including: geological
formations such as gorges, waterfalls, shorelines, and glacial landforms; natural hydrology and water quality of
any streams, wetlands, and water bodies; and ecological communities and their associated habitat for native flora
and fauna.
Safeguard the FLLTs legal interests and financial investment in the property.
On a case by case basis, consider the possible alteration of certain selected, limited landscape features on a
preserve to achieve specific objectives such as: removing a hazardous or unsightly pre-existing condition (ex. a
dump, old building, etc.); accommodating public access/recreational improvements (such as parking areas and
trails); establishing and/or maintaining a desired habitat type or an aesthetic/scenic feature that would not
otherwise occur or persist naturally (ex. grasslands, early-successional shrub lands, or artificial ponds); or
restoring or improving a component that has been significantly degraded (ex. a former wetland site, an eroding
stream, or an area of extremely poor quality habitat) subject to any approved policies related to such alteration
of physical and biological landscape features.
Allow and safely accommodate limited, controlled, low-impact public access for education, research, nature
observation, and outdoor recreational uses that are compatible with protecting the conservation values of the
preserve subject to any approved policies related to such use of preserve lands. In most instances, such access
should be free of charge.
Management proposals and actions should consider and minimize potential negative impacts to the physical and
biological features of the property (ex. trails should avoid steep slopes and other sensitive areas; mowing of fields
should occur in late summer or fall, after birds have finished nesting, etc.); consider and minimize potential
negative impacts to the public perception and support of the organization and the property; and consider and
prepare for costs associated with a project or proposal, as well as the prospects for partnerships and/or
volunteerism.
Assess possibilities for the permanent protection of additional properties adjoining the preserve, through
acquisition of land to add to the preserve, acquisition of conservation easements to buffer the preserve, or other
options, as appropriate.

GENERAL MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS & ACTIONS FOR ALL FLLT PRESERVES

All preserves that the FLLT anticipates owning for the long term should be identified as FLLT property with
appropriate boundary signs, and such signs should be regularly maintained. Any survey pins or monuments should
be flagged and maintained as necessary. Additionally, the FLLT shall defend these lands against any proposed
condemnation proceeding, adverse possession claim, boundary dispute, or other legal threat to ownership.
Management of FLLT preserves should be conducted in accordance with a management plan and policies
approved by the FLLT Preserve Management Committee and/or Board of Directors. Management Plans should be
reviewed every 5 years, and updated every 5-10 years depending on how much change has occurred, or is

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anticipated to occur, at the preserve. Revised plans should be reviewed and approved by the Preserve Management
Committee.
Management actions should be taken under the direction of, or in consultation with, the FLLT Director of
Stewardship, who will further consult with the FLLT Executive Director as needed.
Volunteers should be engaged regularly to assist with preserve management activities. Volunteers may include
Preserve Stewards who regularly visit, monitor, and provide assistance at a particular property; student interns;
volunteer groups; and members of the general community who want to help with particular projects.
All lands owned by FLLT should be regularly visited and monitored for problems such as encroachments, illegal
activity, or violations of stated rules and regulations. Problems should be dealt with promptly and in proportion to
the level of threat or harm to the preserve.
Threats to native ecological communities, such as the invasion of non-native plants or insects, or excessive
negative impacts by animals (ex. deer browse, damage caused by feral pigs, etc.) should be monitored and
mitigated as resources permit.
Rules and regulations relating to public use of preserves should be made available to the public in an appropriate
manner (ex. posted at kiosks, listed on web site and in brochures, and provided in writing to certain specific usergroups, such as hunters).
Any public access and recreation infrastructure, such as parking areas, signs, kiosks, trails, and bridges, should
be maintained and public safety considerations should be maximized. Trails should be kept clear, trail markings
should be visible, and hazards removed. Public use of nature preserves is often the only exposure people in the
community have to the Land Trust and it is important to provide a positive, lasting impression.
To the extent practical, communication with neighbors and the surrounding community near preserves should be
established and fostered for the purposes of building acceptance, understanding, appreciation, and support for the
preserve and the organization; gaining new volunteers and donors; minimizing the likelihood of encroachments or
other problems while maximizing the number of people who will look after the preserve; learning about potential
new threats to the preserve; and possibly engaging landowners in additional land protection opportunities.

APPENDIX 8 -- MAPS
1.

Regional Location Map [If not already included in original management plan.]

2. Local Location Map [If not already included in original management plan.]
3. Current Aerial Image Zoomed To Whole Property Boundary.
4. Map Showing and Labeling All of the Different Parcels/Tracts Acquired (prior to consolidation). [If there
were new acquisitions and not already shown on map in original management plan.]
5. Aerial Image with Labels Showing Different Property and Management Components (such as mowed fields;
early successional maintenance areas; structures and improvements such as parking area kiosk, marked trails
(color-coded to blazes), old buildings or foundations, etc; local names; old roads or railroad grades; utilities;
etc.)

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