Annotated Bibliography

Bair, C. E., Kelly, N. R., Serdar, K. L., & Mazzeo, S. E. (2012). Does the internet function like
magazines? An exploration of image-focused media, eating pathology, and body dissatisfaction.
Eating Behaviors, 13(4), 398-401. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.06.003

This study focused on 4 main aspects: image-focused media exposure, body dissatisfaction,
eating pathology and the thin-ideal. They found out that woman spent a lot of time online looking
at appearance orientated media rather than image- focused media in magazines. They also found
out that when women looked online and watched television centered on appearances, it was
associated with eating disorder pathology. Meaning that the internet/media could have a
correlation with eating disorders in women. I think this is a good study to mention in my paper. It
brings eating disorders into the picture and shows that they could be related to the media.

Bessenoff, G. R. (2006). Can the media affect us? Social comparison, self-discrepancy, and the thin
ideal. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30(3), 239-251. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00292.x

This study had women look at two different types of advertisements. One was with woman that
fit the thin ideal and the other advertisements didnt involve thin women. When the women
looked at the thin ideal advertisements they had increased body dissatisfaction, negative mood,
and levels of depression and lowered self-esteem. The study fits perfectly with my topic. It proves
that when woman look at thin ideal advertisements they have increased body dissatisfaction. It is
great evidence to prove that media affects body image.

TEDx (Producer), & Engeln, R. (Director). (2013). An epidemic of beauty sickness. [Video/DVD] TEDx.

Renee Engeln talked about the culture we live in today and how it has created beauty sickness in
this Ted Talk. She talks about how we are bombarded my messages in our culture such as, a
Victoria Secret model is what beauty looks like. Dr. Engeln explains how we start seeing really
skinny people and think it is typical or average. She thinks we need to invest less in beauty. I
really enjoyed this talk and I think it will work great in my paper. We are bombarded with

messages from our culture every day and I would like to explain that in my paper and explain the
effects it has on our body image.

Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social
media: The impact of facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood Elsevier Ltd.
doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002

This journal explained a study that measured how Facebook affected womans mood and body
image. The woman viewed Facebook, a magazine, and an appearance neutral website for 10
minutes. The women that spent time on Facebook had a more negative mood than the woman
that spent time on the neutral website. I think this study was really interesting and really relates
to my topic. It shows evidence that woman actually do get affected by viewing Facebook and that
its a negative effect.

Grogan, S. (2008). Body image : Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women, and children
London ; New York : Routledge, 2008; 2nd ed.

This book went really in-depth about how women and men feel about their bodies in relation to
the media. It emphasized how print media and Television makes women strive for the thin ideal
with their bodies. When they cant meet the thin ideal they feel very dissatisfied with their bodies.
This book provided excellent information on how woman feel towards their body when they view
media images. It gave me some great quotes and statistics. It also explained 3 possible theories
in why the media images affect body image. The social comparison, self-schema, and selfdiscrepancy theory.

Just Say Yes. (2014). Self Image/Media influences. Retrieved from

https://www.justsayyes.org/topics/self-image-media-influences/

The facts and statistics on this website were very interesting. One of the facts that really stuck
out to me was, The body type portrayed in advertising as the ideal is possessed naturally by only
5% of American females. These advertisements act like the thin body type fits the majority of
woman but really it only fits about 5%. The website mostly consists of these shocking facts. This

website has some great facts on it but I dont think it is as credible as my other websites. They
give credit to their sources though. I may use a fact or two from this website but I wont heavily
depend on it.

Leigh Mascarelli, A. (2014). The media's dangerous influence on body image. Retrieved from
https://student.societyforscience.org/article/media%E2%80%99s-dangerous-influence-bodyimage

Anne Becker is an expert on eating disorders at Harvard Medical School in Boston and she wants
to see how media affects girls body image in Fiji. She wanted to learn more about the girls in Fiji
because they havent been exposed to much of Western culture until fairly recently. She started
to find out that television was affecting young girls body image and the girls started vomiting to
lose weight. Becker also found out that social networking had a strong link to dangerous eating
behaviors in Fiji. I think this is definitely worth mentioning in my paper. It shows how drastically
girls started to change once they were exposed to Western media and I think thats important to
highlight in my paper.

Northup, T. (2012). The role of image body size, race, and familiarity on subsequent evaluations of the
self. Southwestern Mass Communication Journal, 27(3), 1-33.

This journal evaluated three main things: image familiarity, body size, and race. It builds on other
studies and their goal was to see how those three things affect body satisfaction. They found that
there were effects based on body size, familiarity, and race. The effects also differed my race. Im
not sure if I will use this study in my paper. This study was a very confusing read and it is hard to
tell the actual effects that occurred. It also doesnt relate to my topic as closely as my other
articles did.

The real women campaign. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.therealwomencampaign.org/mediacampaigns.shtml

The Real Women Campaign website discussed various media campaigns that have taken place
over the last 10 years. It started with Doves campaign for Real Beauty. These campaigns are

trying to show women as real and strong individuals. Their photos arent retouched and they
have a diverse set of models, in size and color. It also talks about the success that Dove has had
since they switched to more real models. Their sales have increased substantially. This website
shows that when we change the models to actually reflect on the real women of today it makes a
difference. Women like to relate to the models they see in advertisements. I will definitely
mention these campaigns in my paper. These campaigns are definitely making a difference.

Sohn, S. H. (2009). Body image: Impacts of media channels on men's and women's social comparison
process, and testing of involvement measurement. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 17(1), 1935. doi:10.1080/15456870802505670

This was a study done to investigate the gaps between men and women and their body
satisfaction. They wanted to see the gender differences in relation to their bodies. They found out
that when women were watching television they would compare themselves to other woman and
be decreased with their body satisfaction. When men watched television it would have very little
to no effect on them. They also found out that women thought they had a much larger body size
than males did. This study shows the gender differences between men and women. I kind of
expected it to be that way though, and that women would be more critical of themselves. I may
mention this in my paper but I dont think it was as helpful or useful as other sources.

Veldhuis, J., Konijn, E. A., & Seidell, J. C. (2012). Weight information labels on media models reduce
body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(6), 600-606.

In this journal they did a study on weight information labels on models to see how young girls
would compare themselves to the models. They put the labels which were, extremely thin, thin or
normal weight on different sized models. For example, they had a model that was extremely thin
but they labeled her normal weight to see how to girls would react to it. The girls reacted by
being very dissatisfied with their own bodies and very body consciousness. I thought this study
was different than the other ones and really interesting. It shows the label we put on the models
have a huge impact on how the girls perceive themselves. I will use this in my paper because I
think it is an interesting concept.