Make a Wave in

Cancer Control
An educational tool for
Allied Health
Professionals.
Danielle Petit
Kaplan University
Models for Health and Wellness
November 2013

What is Cancer?
cancers start because abnormal
cells grow out of control. -(American Cancer
Society, 2012).

-(image from: Kings College London. 2013)

7.6 million people died of cancer in 2005. (WHO,2006)

84 million people will die in the next 10 years if action
is not taken. (WHO,2006)

Factors of Cancer Control

What will be discussed in this
presentation?
Burden
Cost
Risk
Incidence
Geographical Diversity
Prevention

Burden of Cancer
Burden is the size of a
health problem in a
specified area. -(Holtz, 2008)
it helps to determine
how to best use
resources to decrease the
size of the problem (Holtz,
2008)

Image: (Oxford Journals, 2013)

Cost of Cancer
According to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
the annual

cost of cancer in 2006 was estimated to be $206.3

billion (Holtz, 2008, p.310)

Categories of Cost to both the individual

and society:
1. Direct costs
-medical and nonmedical
2. Indirect costs
-such as time or loss of work due to
disability
3. Intangible costs (Psychosocial cost)
-such as pain, loss of quality of life, or
grief
of patient of loved ones

Risk of Cancer
Spread
the word
about
Cancer
risk:

Tobacco is the
number one cause of
preventable death
throughout the world

Incidence of Cancer
Incidence is the number of newly
diagnosed cancer cases occurring in a
specific population in a specified time
(Holtz, 2008)

Facts:

Female Breast Cancer

Incidence Rates* by Race and Ethnicity, U.S.,
19992010

-Developing

countries
have cancers with
poorer
prognosis
lung, stomach,
liver, and
esophagus
-The

most common
types of cancer worldwide:
lung,
breast, colorectal,
stomach, and prostate
-Holtz, 2008

Image: (CDC,
8/12/13)

Geographical Diversity
Cancer diagnosis will vary according to
geographical location related to increased
environmentalRegional
risksdifferences in
This may be
due to:

Image: (Davenhall,
2011)

exposure to risk factors

including
sociodemographic
population characteristics:
age, race, ethnicity,
geographic region,
urban or rural
residence, use of
screening activities,
health-related
behaviors, exposure
to carcinogenic
agents, or reporting

Prevention of Cancer

Reduce chemical exposure, especially

when 100% preventable (tobacco, first
and second hand smoking)

Maintain optimal nutrition by increasing

the amount of fruits and vegetables in

Stay physically active

Maintain healthy weight and monitor

additives to food consumed

Minimize exposure to infectious disease

http://
www.crmagazine.org/archive/Prevention2008/Pages/CrowdingOutCancerRi
sk.aspx

Cancer prevention efforts have improved

tremendously with increase in research, awareness,
and the trend toward healthy lifestyles.

References:

American Cancer Society. 3/21/2012. What is Cancer.Retrieved from: http://

www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/what-is-cancer

WHO. 2006. Cancer Control Knowledge Into Action WHO Guide for Effective
Programes. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/cancer/modules/Modules%20Flyer.pdf

Holtz, C. (2008). Global Health Care: Issues and Policies (1st ed.). Retrieved from:
https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books

IMAGES:
Kings College London. 2013.Help Us Tackle Cancer. Retrieved from: https://
alumni.kcl.ac.uk/sslpage.aspx?pid=5403
Oxford Journals. 2013.Carcinogenesis.Retrieved from: http://
carcin.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/1/100/F4.large.jpg
CDC.8/12/2013. Breast Cancer Rates by Race and Ethnicity.Retrieved from: http://
www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/statistics/race.htm
Davenhall, Bill.February 7, 2011.Geomedicine Shows Patterns in U.S. Breast and
Prostate Cancer. Retrieved from: http://
images.huffingtonpost.com/2011-02-02-Figure2clusterwithhighrates.JPG