Formulas:

1. Determinacy of beams:
r = 3n
2. Determinacy of Truss:
b + r =2j
3. Shear and Moment Diagrams for a Beam:

dV
w(x)
dx

dM
V
dx
V w( x)dx
M V ( x ) dx

4. Strain Energy-Axial Force:

5. Strain Energy-Bending:

6. Strain Energy-Torsion:

7. Strain Energy-Shear:

8. Method of Virtual Work: Truss:

9. Temperature:

10. Fabrication Errors and Camber:

11. Method of Virtual Work: Beams and Frames:

12. Slope for beam and frames:

13. Virtual Strain Energy Caused by Axial Load, Shear, Torsion, and
Temperature:
Axial Load
L

Un
0

nN
dx
AE

Bending
L

bending
0

mi M i
dx
EI

Torsion:
L

tT
dx
GJ
0

Ut
Shear:
L

Us K (
0

vV
)dx
GA

Temperature:

14. Castiglianos Theorem: Truss:

15. Castiglianos Theorem: Beams and Frames:

16. Slope:

17. Maximum Influence at a Point Due to a Series of Concentrated Loads:

V = Ps(x2-x1)
V = P (y2-y1)
M = Ps(x2-x1)
18. Parabolic Cable: Subjected to Linear Uniform distributed Load:

To

wo x 2
2y
2

Tmax To ( wo L) 2
19. Arch Formulas:

P H cos V sin (3)

F H sin V cos ( 4)

V 2 H 2 ..or.. P 2 F 2 (5)

M x x H y