HIVandAIDSstandfor:

HIV attacks the immune system, resulting in a chronic, progressive

illness that leaves infected people vulnerable to opportunistic
infections and cancers. The median time from infection to AIDS
diagnosis now exceeds 10 years. AIDS is fatal if left untreated.
There is no cure.

Whathappenswhenyougetthesediseases?
Initial stage (stage 1)
The first stage of HIV infection is defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) as a CD4+ cell count of at least 500 cells per microliter or a percentage
of CD4+ cells at least 29% of all lymphocytes. People in this stage don't have any
symptoms.
Chronic stage (stage 2)
The second stage of HIV infection is defined by the CDC as a CD4+ cell count of 200 to
499 or a percentage of CD4+ cells of 14% to 28%. It may take years for HIV symptoms
to develop during this stage. But even though no symptoms are present, the virus is
making copies of itself (multiplying) in the body during this time.
HIV multiplies so quickly that the immune system can't destroy the virus. After years of
fighting HIV, the immune system starts to weaken

HowisHIVtransmitted?
engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse (anal or vaginal)
sharing sex toys that are used internally
sharing needles or equipment for injecting drugs or steroids
mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, delivery, and
breastfeeding.

WhyisHIVsodifficulttotreatordeveloppreventionsfor?
HIV destroys the immune system cells that are meant to fight
against it.

Whichgroupsofpeoplearemostatrisktoday?

Men who have sex with men are at the most risk today.
According the scientists record it is 46.6 percent of MSM have
that disease.

Ididnotknowbeforethat:
IdidntknowthatItisnocureforthisdiseaseandalsothatithassuchwindowperiod.
After you've been infected, it can take 2 weeks to 6 months for your body to start making
HIV antibodies.
This means that during this time you could have a negative HIV test, even though you
have been infected and can spread the virus to others.

4symptomsofeachofthefollowing:
Chlamydia
Symptoms of infection for women can include:

vaginal discharge
burning sensation when urinating
pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes with fever and chills
pain during sex
vaginal bleeding between periods or after intercourse

Symptoms for men can include:

discharge from the penis

burning sensation when urinating
burning or itching at the opening of the penis
pain and/or swelling in the testicles

Gonorrhea
For men who do experience symptoms, these may include:

a burning sensation when urinating

yellowish/white discharge from the penis
burning or itching at the opening of the penis
painful or swollen testicles

For women who do experience symptoms, these can include:

a burning sensation when urinating

vaginal discharge
pain in the lower abdomen
pain during sex
vaginal bleeding between periods or after sex

Herpes(Genital)
Women's symptoms can include:

sores inside or near the vagina, the cervix, on the external genitals, near the anus,
or on the thighs or buttocks
tender lumps in the groin (lymphadenopathy)

Men's symptoms can include:

sores on the penis, around the testicles, near the anus, or on the thighs or buttocks
tender lumps in the groin (lymphadenopathy)

HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)
Many people who have HPV have no symptoms of the infection.
Anogenital warts (also called Condylomata) are one sign of HPV
infection. They may look like a small cauliflower or may be flat. Many
people with HPV will have no obvious signs of infection because the
warts may be inside the body or if on the skin, too small to be seen.

Syphilis

patchy hair loss

a rash on the soles of the feet, the palms of the hands, or elsewhere on the body
fever
malaise
swollen glands
flat grayish-white sores in mouth and on genitals

5.Howareeachoftheabovetreatedorcured?
Chlamydia

the disease can often be treated with antibiotics. Azithromycin is an

antibiotic usually prescribed in a single dose, while doxycycline must
be taken twice per day for about one week.

Gonorrhea

Itcanbecuredbysomeantibiotics

Herpes(Genital)
There is no vaccine or cure, but antiviral medication can help ease the
pain associated with the sores and control recurrent episodes.

HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)
In Canada, two vaccines are available to help prevent some types of
HPV

Syphilis
it is easily treated with penicillin or other antibiotics

6.Whataretheconsequencesofeachofthesediseases?
Chlamydia
When left untreated, it can lead to painful health problems and
infertility.

Gonorrhea
can cause infertility

Herpes(Genital)
it is cause painful sores on the genital area

HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)

Many types of HPV have been identified, with some leading to cancer
and others to skin lesions such as anogenital warts.

Syphilis
It is at the tertiary stage that syphilis can do the most damage to the
body, affecting the brain, blood vessels, heart, and bones. If
untreated, syphilis can eventually lead to death.

7.FindaRELIABLEsourcetodescribethedifferenttypesof
hepatitis:
HepAHepatitis is a disease that can cause inflammation of the liver
HepBHepatitis B is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus.
HepCHepatitis C is a chronic liver disease caused by the hepatitis C
virus (HCV)

8.Whatarethesymptomsofhepatitis?
HepA
fever

loss of appetite
stomach cramps
jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
dark urine
fatigue

HepB

Jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and eyes)

Tiredness
Loss of appetite
Joint pain
Pain in the stomach area
Nausea and vomiting

HepC

atigue

lethargy
reduced appetite
sore muscles and joints
nausea
abdominal pain
jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and eyes).

9.Describethetreatmentsorcures?
HepA
No specific treatment exists for hepatitis A. Your body will
clear the hepatitis A virus on its own.

HepB

Antiviral medications.
Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A).
Liver transplant.

HepCTreatment isn't always an option, because the medicines used

to treat hepatitis C have serious side effects, are expensive, and don't
work for everyone.

l0.Whataretheconsequencesofeachofthethreetypesof
hepatitis?
HepA
Hepatitis A can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few
weeks to a severe illness lasting several months

HepB
HBV attacks the liver, an essential organ that acts as a filter for
chemicals and toxins that enter the body.

HepC

HCV causes inflammation of the liver, which can progress to cirrhosis