LEVEL II FORMULA SHEET - ULTRASONICS

Wavelength () = V
F

Velocity = F x

Frequency = V

Acoustic Impedance
Z = Vxd
(d = density)

Coefficient of Reflection
Pressure
Rp = (Z2 - Z1)
(Z2 - Z1)

Pulse Interval
PI = 1
PRR

Near Field
N = D2F
4V

Beam Spread
sin = V x 1.22
DF

Pulse Rep Rate

PRR = 1_
PI

Transit Time
TT = 2T
V

First Critical Angle

sin 1(Inc) = V1(L)
V2(L)

Skip Distance
2T x tan 2(Ref)

Surface Distance
SP x sin 2(Ref)

V-Path
2T _
cos 2(Ref)

Second Critical Angle

sin 1(Inc) = V1(L)
V2(T)

Leg
T___
cos 2(Ref)

Depth = SP x cos 2 (Ref)

(2nd leg) = 2T - (SP x cos 2(Ref))
(3rd leg) = (SP x cos 2(Ref)) - 2T

Circumference = x Diameter
Distance = Speed x Time
RPM = Speed / Circumference

Snells Law
sin 1(Inc) = V1(L)
sin 2(Ref) V2(T)

dB Difference = 20 Log (A1/A2)

dB Ratio = Inv Log (dB/20)

Resonance
T = and = 2T
2

Resonance Frequency
FRes = V
2T

Max 2 (Ref)
sin-1 ID
OD

Water Path
T/4 + .25

dB Attenuation Factor
(SP 1) X 2

dB Indication Rating
A - B - C = D
IL - RL - AF = D

Flaw Height (Z-Axis)

D6 X sin 2 X cos 2

Flaw Width (Perp. To the Beam)

D6 X sin 2

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