Indoor Flight Workshop

Indoor Flight Workshop

for secondary school students

AEROFAIR USM 2014

School of Aerospace Engineering USM
23 August 2014

Instructors:
1. Dr. Zulfaa Mohamed Kassim
2. Mohamad Haniff Junos

Video of Indoor Flights

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSAfHtpWP7I

Workshop Content

PART 1: Understanding the Science of Flight

1.

The Basics of Flight

2.

Aerodynamics

3.

Flight Stability

Simple explanation
Airflow video
Demonstration
Most info in English

PART 2: Making an Indoor Plane

Designing an Indoor Plane

1.

Theory

2.

Practical Guides on the Construction Process

Assembly Kits for Each Teams

1
Asas Penerbangan
Basics of Flight

Asas Penerbangan . Basics of Flight

Apakah 4 daya utama yang bertindak ke atas pesawat?

What are the 4 basic forces acting on the plane?

For cruise:

Daya Tujah
Thrust

Daya Angkat
Lift

L=W
T=D

V
Daya Graviti / Berat
Weight

Daya Seret
Drag

Asas Penerbangan . Basics of Flight

Di mana dan bagaimana daya angkat dihasilkan?

Where and how is lift created?

Sayap
Wing

Tekanan ke atas oleh molekul udara

Upward pressure from air molecules
Wing image: www.5dt.com

2
Aerodinamik
Aerodynamics

Aerodinamik . Aerodynamics

Bagaimana perbezaan tekanan dihasilkan?

How is pressure difference created?

Faster flow = Low pressure

Streamline
Thinner lines
Thicker lines

Airfoil
Slower flow = High pressure
Bernoulli Principle: P

1
V 2 Constant
2

Aerodinamik . Aerodynamics

Bagaimana untuk meningkatkan daya angkat?

How to increase lift?

Airfoil Shape:

Lift Equation:

1
L V 2 SCL
2

Image: www.allstar.fiu.edu

Aerodinamik . Aerodynamics

Bagaimana untuk meningkatkan daya angkat?

How to increase lift?

Airfoil Angle-of-Attack:

Lift Equation:

1
L V 2 SCL
2

DEMO!
Images: Wikipedia & adamone.rchomepage.com

Flow
separation

Aerodinamik . Aerodynamics
VIDEO:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UlsArvbTeo

3
Kestabilan Pesawat
Flight Stability

Kestabilan Pesawat . Flight Stability

MASALAH

Tekanan udara tidak sekata pada sayap.

PROBLEM

Pressure distribution not uniform on wing

Image: UK Open University, First Flight

Kestabilan Pesawat . Flight Stability

MASALAH

Tekanan udara tidak sekata pada sayap.

PROBLEM

Pressure distribution not uniform on wing.

Putaran
Moment

Kestabilan Pesawat . Flight Stability

Pesawat perlu stabil semasa terbang.

Airplanes must be stable when flying.

Putaran
Moment

L=W
T=D

Kestabilan Pesawat . Flight Stability

Bagaimana untuk menyelesaikan masalah putaran?

How to solve the moment problem?

DEMO!

L (tail)

Kestabilan Pesawat . Flight Stability

Kestabilan dinamik:

Dynamic stability:

Image: code7700.com

Kestabilan Pesawat . Flight Stability

Kestabilan dinamik:

Dynamic stability:

Wing:

cambered
(+) AoA
Tail:

V
LTAIL
XCG:

25% chord length

from wing leading edge

(-) AoA

Kestabilan Pesawat . Flight Stability

Kestabilan dinamik:

Dynamic stability:

Image: rit.edu

4
Rekabentuk Pesawat
Design of an Indoor Plane

Many design options!

Rekabentuk . Design

2 OPTIONS:

1.

Use existing designs.

2.

Modify existing designs.

The Famous Whammy Series by Chuck Markos

Double Whammy
< 2 minutes

Penny Plane
> 5 minutes

Kaedah Rekabentuk . Design Rules

Parameter-parameter utama.

Important parameters.

XAC,TAIL = 0.25cTAIL
XAC = 0.25c

LTAIL

Kaedah Rekabentuk . Design Rules

c = chord

S = Wing Area

b = wing span

STAIL = Horizontal Tail Area

bTAIL

Kaedah Rekabentuk . Design Rules

Saiz sayap.

Wing size.

1
2
L V SC L
2
c

4W
S
V 2

Aspect Ratio

Large AR > 9

Use:

L W
C L 0.5

Small AR < 6

AR

b
c

Kaedah Rekabentuk . Design Rules

Jarak dari sayap ke ekor.

Distance from wing to tail.

LTAIL VTAIL

cS
STAIL
LTAIL

VTAIL

1 2 ARTAIL
0.05
1 2 AR

AR 2

AR 2

Kaedah Rekabentuk . Design Rules

Saiz ekor menegak.

Size of vertical tail.

SV TAIL VV TAIL

Sb
LTAIL

VV TAIL 0.02 0.05

Set ARTAIL and ARV-TAIL based on existing designs.

SV-TAIL

5
Membina Pesawat
Building the Indoor Plane

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Introduction.

Wing

Tailboom
Motor Stick

Propeller

Horizontal
tail

Fin
Wing Post

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Bahan-bahan untuk membina pesawat.

Material used to build the plane.

Pisau.
Knife.

Gam kertas.
Paper glue.

Kayu Balsa (1mm, 2.5mm, 4mm) ketebalan.

Balsa wood (1mm, 2.5mm, 4mm) width.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Getah.
Rubber band.

Gam super.
Super glue.

Pemutar elektrik.
Electric winder.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Pembalut makanan.
Food wrap.

Tanah liat.
Clay.

Pelincir getah.
Rubber band lubricant.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Klip kertas.
Paper clip.

Manik.
Bead.

Kepingan aluminum.
Aluminum plate.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Bagaimana cara untuk memotong kayu balsa?

How to cut balsa wood?

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Penghasilan sayap.

Wing construction.
Panel Tepi

Panel Tengah

Panel Tepi
Leading Edge

Trailing Edge
Ribs

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Penghasilan sayap.

Wing construction.

Plan struktur binaan.

Gusset untuk kekuatan struktur.

Plan of the indoor plane.

Gusset to strengthen the structure.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Penghasilan badan pesawat.

Fuselage construction.

13 mm

2 degree

Geometri badan pesawat.

Penyangkut getah.

Geometry of fuselage.

Rubber band hook.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Front

Back

Kepingan alumina untuk mencantumkan kipas.

Aluminum plate for propeller attachment.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Penghasilan kipas pesawat.

Propeller construction.

15 degree

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Dwisatah sayap untuk stabiliti.

Wing dihedral for stability.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Penghasilan kipas pesawat.

Propeller construction.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Getah.

Rubber band.

Bagaimana cara mengikat getah?

Bagaimana cara melincirkan getah?

How to tie the rubber band?

How to apply lubricant of rubber?

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Bagaimana untuk memusingkan kipas?

How to wind the propeller?

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Menentukan pusat graviti.

Determination of center of gravity.

Load (plasticine)

25% Wing chord

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Model dimension.

6 cm

6 cm

8 cm

Fin (2.5 mm balsa)

10 cm

20 cm

10 cm

6 cm

Wing (2.5 mm balsa)

24 cm
1.2 cm

1 cm
1 cm

0.6 cm

Motorstick (4 mm balsa)

20 cm

25 cm
0.6 cm

0.2 cm

Tailboom (2.5 mm balsa)

Horizontal tail (2.5 mm balsa)

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Propeller dimension.

8.5 cm
5.5 cm

3.5 cm

Diameter 20.5 cm

Small propeller.
12 cm

Diameter 27.5 cm

Big propeller.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Plasticine

Propeller attachment.

Plasticine added to adjust center of gravity.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Wing sockets for wing attachment.

2-5 degree

Tailboom attachment.

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Thank You