JOURNAL ARTICLE

PRESENTATION

 NUSING
RESEARCH.NOV/DEC.2010.VOL59N
O.6 P.NO.407-416

FACTORS EXPLAINING
CHILDRENS RESPONSES TO
INTRAVENOUS NEEDLE
INSERTION

CONDUCTED BY
ANN MARIE McCARTHY
CHARMAINE KLEIBER
KIRSTEN HANARHAN
M.BRIDGET ZIMMERMAN
NINA WESTHUS
SUSAN ALLEN

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this report was to
examine child , parent , and
procedural variables that explains
child distress during a scheduled
intravenous insertion when parents
are distraction coaches for their
children

PROCEDURAL
VARIABLES

CHILD
VARIABLES

CHILDS PERCEPTION
OF PSYCHOLOGICAL
AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
PAIN

PARENT VARIABLES

CHILD
RESPONSE

PARENT
RESPONSES

CHILD VARIABLES

PARENT VARIABLE

Method
Design
This is an explanatory study used
data from a cross sectional multi
site RCT that tested the impact of
training parents in the use of
distraction on children's distress
response

 Participants
Inclusion criteria
English speaking families
Family had a developmentally
typical child 4-10 years of age.
Child under going a scheduled
intravenous injection for a
diagnostic medical procedures
Family who are willing to
participate in the study

Instruments Used To
Measure Child Variables
Child demographic questionnaire
severity of illness scale
Perception of procedures
questionnaire(PPQ)
Questions ascertaining number of
painful medical procedures and
timing of preparation for the
procedure.
Dimensions Of Temperament scaleRevised

Pediatric Behavior scale

Children's Anxiety Meter
Child Behavior Style Scale
Typical Coping
Preferred coping style
Sensitivity Temperament Inventory
for Pain Child version

For Parent variables

Parent Demographic Questionnaire
Parenting Dimension Inventory
State Trait Anxiety Inventory
Parent Use of Distraction
Distraction coaching Index

Out Come Measures

Observational Scale For Behavioral
Distress-Revised.(OSBD-R)
Salivary Cortisol(Biological)
Oucher Pain Scale
Parent Report Of Child Distress
(PRCD)

Data Analysis
OSBD-R and cortisol were
identified by multi factor
regression analysis.
Oucher scale
law
0-3 (60%)
moderate 4-6 (20%)
high
7-10(20%)
Were analyzed by Logistic
Regression

 PRCD
Law 1-2
Moderate 3-5
High 6-7
Was determined by generalized logit
model

 A SpearMan/Pearson correlation to
find out the relation between two
continuous variaubles.
2 sample t-test or a one way
analysis of variance for the
association between categorical
and continuous variable.
Pearson chi-squire to test
association between two
categorical variables.