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Colonul Iritabil
. In practica gastroenterologica mai mult de o
treime dintre pacienti au boli digestive de tip
functional- IBS fiind cel mai frecvent.
In gastrointestinal practices, more than one third of patients have functional gastrointestinal
disorders, IBS being the most common diagnosis.
Nicholas J. Talley
IBS is more
common in lower socioeconomic groups,
and is more commonly diagnosed in patients younger than
50 years of age.
Patients with IBS visit the doctor more frequently
use more diagnostic tests,
consume more medications,
miss more workdays,
have lower work productivity,
are hospitalized more frequently,
and
consume more overall direct costs than patients without
IBS.
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American College of Gastroenterology IBS Task Force
C. I. se caracterizeaza prin:
durere abdominala
tulburare de tranzit intestinal incluzand :
diaree
constipatie sau
alternanta diaree-constipatie.
A1
Pirozis-ul funcional
A2
A3
Disfagia funcional
A4
B1
Dispepsia funcional
B1a
B1b
B2
B2a
Aerofagia
B2b
B3
B3a
B3b
B3c
B4
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C
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
D
E
E1
E2
E3
F
F1
F2
F2a
F2a1
F2a2
F2b
F3
F3a
F3b
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Epidemiologia C. I.
C. I. apare frecvent la persoane care au in rest o
stare buna de sanatate.
Circa 2/3 pot avea si alte simptome ale altor boli
funtionale.
Se apreciaza ca prevalenta C. I. este de 1-20 % o
rata relativ stabila pe perioade lungi de urmarire.
Prevalenta pare sa fie mai inalta
socioeconomice mai sarace in SUA .
la
categoriile
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Patogeneza.
Mecanismele implicate sunt urmatoarele:
1)Perceptie vicerala anormala. Un numar dintre
pacienti cu C.I. au un intestin hipersenzitiv; faptul este
dovedit experimental prin producerea durerii prin
inflatia de baloane montate in interiorul intestinului.
Acest fond de intestin senzitiv nu apare , in principiu, pe
un fond general de hipersenzitivitate.
2)Tulburari motorii la nivelul intestinului. Desi se
insoteste de tulburari tipice prin alterare a functiei
motorii, diareea si constipatia, nu sunt dovezi ca
motilitatea colonica este afectata in fondul ei. Este
posibil ca anumite tulburari motorii observate sa apara
ca urmare a starii de hipersenzitivitate, sau ca raspuns
exagerat la stress, anumite medicamente sau factori
hormonali.
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4)Factorii psihosociali.
Traume psihice diferite ( abuzuri sexuale sau fizice petrecute in special in copilarie) sau boli psihice diverse
pot contribui intr-un mod neclar la producerea C.I.
5)Dieta si infectii.
Sorbitolul, fructoza, acizii biliari au fost implicati.
Deficitul de aport de fibre, intolerante la alimente
diferite sunt posibile. S-a banuit ca anumite infectii ar
genera sechele functionale ce pot conduce la C.I.. Unii
pacienti prezinta un exces de mastocite la nivelului
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ileonului terminal.
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Manifestari clinice
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Balonarea abdominal
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La examenul obiectiv
Nimic deosebit exceptand durerea moderata ce
poate aparae a palparea abdomenului;
organomegaliile sau mase tumorale abdominale
pun in discutie dg de C.I..
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scaun
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Routine diagnostic testing with complete blood count, serum chemistries, thyroid function
studies, stool for ova and parasites, and abdominal imaging is not recommended in patients with
typical IBS symptoms and no alarm features because of a low likelihood of uncovering organic
disease (Grade 1C).
Routine serologic screening for celiac sprue should be pursued in patients with IBS-D and
IBS-M (Grade 1B). Lactose breath testing can be considered when lactose maldigestion remains
a concern despite dietary modi cation (Grade 2B).
Currently, there are insuff cient data to recommend breath testing for small intestinal
bacterial overgrowth in IBS patients (Grade 2C).
Because of the low pretest probability of Crohn s disease, ulcerative colitis, and colonic
neoplasia, routine colonic imaging is not recommended in patients younger than 50 years of age
with typical IBS symptoms and no alarm features (Grade 1B).
Colonoscopic imaging should be performed in IBS patients with alarm features to rule out
organic diseases and in those over the age of 50 years for the purpose of colorectal cancer
screening (Grade 1C).
When colonoscopy is performed in patients with IBS-D, obtaining random biopsies should be
considered to rule out microscopic colitis (Grade 2C).
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Diagnostic diferential
Neoplasme
cancerul de colon
adenoamele viloase
tumorile de intestin subtire
Obstructii intestinale
impactarea fecala,
volvulusul sigmoidian intermitent,
megacolonul
Tulburari vasculare
Boli ginecologice - endometrioza
1
Boli psihice
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Tratament
Relatia cu pacientul este o parte importanta a
tratamentului.
Trebuie explicat prognosticul bun al bolii.
Se inceraca modificarea stilului alimentar.
Se incearca eliminarea factorilor precipitanti precum
si cei psihici.
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Tratament
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Denumirea
Doza
Dyclomine
anticolinergic
Bentyl, Byclomine, Dibent, Di-Spaz,
Dilomine
20 mg de 4 x Aprobat
de
zi
FDA in 1950
Cimetropium Bromide
50 mg de 3 x Nu este aprobat
zi
de FDA
Trimebutina(debridat)
Mebeverina(Colospasmin,
Colopriv, Spasmopriv)
Pinaverina(Dicetel)
50 mg x 3 zi
Nu este aprobat
de FDA
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-Antibioticele in C.I
- Probioticele in C.I
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