Benjamin Damaso

Rhiana Gneiting

Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank the following staff and students of the
American International School of Mozambique (AISM) for their valuable
support and suggestions in the development and testing of this guidebook:

Ms. Andree Keenoy, Secondary School Chief Librarian

Mr. Vernijo Jemusse, Library Assistant

Ms. Jessica Boland, STEM Specialist

7th and 8th Grade Technology classes, 3rd Trimester 2015

QReate & ConquAR:

Using QR Codes and Augmented Reality
for Digitally Interactive
Library Resources and Activities
An interactive guidebook for
K-12 library enrichment workshop

Benjamin Damaso
Rhiana Gneiting

This guidebook was produced

in partial fulfillment of the final project for
R541 Instructional Development & Production,
Spring 2015,
Indiana University Bloomington.

Table of Contents

I. Introduction
A. About this guidebook .

B. Workshop requirements ..

C. Why make the library a digitally interactive experience? ..

D. Learning objectives .

II. QR Codes
A. What are QR codes? ..

B. How do you scan QR codes? ..

Exercise 1. Scanning QR codes .

C. How do you create QR codes?

Exercise 2. Creating QR codes .

D. How can we use QR codes in the library? .

9
10

III. Augmented Reality: Aurasma

A. What is augmented reality? ..

20

B. How do you set up Aurasma on a mobile device?

21

Exercise 3. Scanning Aurasma images

21

C. How do you create your own Aurasma interactive image? ..

23

Exercise 4. Creating an Aurasma interactive image

25

D. How can we use Aurasma in the library? ..

26

IV. Comparing QR codes and Aurasma .

36

Exercise 3. Creating a poster with QR code and trigger image .

37

References ..

39

Introduction

A. About this guidebook

This guidebook is intended to be used as a resource and instructional material for K-12
library staff in a professional enrichment workshop on creating digitally enhanced library
resources and activities. It aims to provide essential background information and facilitate
workshop participants in acquiring concepts and skills to effectively utilize suitable mobile
technology applications for library use. Focusing on the educational dimension of QR codes
and Augmented Reality, this guidebook showcases illustrative examples, outlines procedural
instructions and provides exercises to help library personnel explore creative ways in conceptualizing more interactive library experience through digital media. While the workshop
was purposely designed for library undertakings, this initiative can certainly be extended to
regular classrooms. It is exciting to see how the magic of QR codes and Augmented Reality
can also take different forms in the various academic subjects of the K-12 curriculum.

B. Workshop requirements
This guidebook also serves as a digitally interactive print material that participants can
actually test as the workshop proceeds. The workshop primarily entails image scans with the
use of mobile devices. Many examples and instructions in the workshop are presented electronically and can be accessed by scanning the interactive images included in this guidebook.
For full workshop engagement, each participant must have access to the following:

smartphone or iPad or any tablet

reliable internet connection
desktop computer or laptop

C. Why make the library a digitally interactive experience?

With the constant surge of emerging digital technologies, libraries and media centers in
K-12 education have progressively redefined their traditional functions as mere repositories of
information resources. In support of school curricular programs, libraries have dynamically
transformed into active social learning hubs where students do not just explore informational
databases but instead collaboratively interact to shape knowledge.
In keeping up with rising digital demands, many school libraries have invested on computers, electronic devices, software and internet facilities. Libraries are crucial in the implementation of school technology initiatives such as Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), e-textbook
and 1:1 laptop programs. Complementing these efforts are recent movements such as the
learning commons and maker spaces which further shape libraries as interactive venues for
learners to share, discuss and test ideas.
Because students and teachers ubiquitously use mobile devices in the campus, library
staff can explore and tap the potential library use of smart phones and tablets by combining
mobile applications and Web 2.0 tools. Some examples of conventional library resources and
activities that can be potentially transformed into digitally enhanced and interactive
experiences include the following:

book and DVD student reviews

library online catalogue tutorials
navigational map of library sections
library announcements and posters
exhibit displays
student multimedia projects

D. Learning Objectives

After completing the workshop, participants will be able to:

describe QR codes and Augmented Reality
list the common uses of QR codes and Aurasma augmented reality application
demonstrate how to use mobile devices for QR codes and Aurasma
identify appropriate websites and online tools that can be used with QR codes
and Aurasma for specific purposes
create and test sample QR codes and Aurasma trigger images
design and create a digitally interactive library poster with QR codes and
Aurasma trigger images

II

QR Codes

IMPORTANT NOTE :
Before you start this section, you must download
and install a QR code scanner app (QRafter)
in your mobile device. Follow the steps below:
a. Grab your wifi-enabled smartphone or tablet.
b. Open the App Store (if iOs device) or
Google Play (if Android).
c. Search for QRafter app.
d. Download the QRafter app.
e. Once the app is installed, continue with the
next section.

A. What are QR codes?

QR code

Common barcode

Quick Response (QR) codes are a special type of 2-dimensional matrix barcodes that
link to digital content or information. They are scanned or read similarly as the common
product barcodes attached to grocery items.
Compared to the common barcodes, QR codes can contain much more different types
of information. They serve as visual shortcuts or fast and easy links to digital content such as
text, websites, images, videos, audio files, social media and contact information, among others.
QR codes are scanned using wi-fi enabled mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
With QR codes, practically any object or material seemingly becomes clickable. QR codes link
the physical world to the digital universe.

QR codes were first utilized by a car manufacturing firm in Japan in 1994 to track vehicle parts. Today, QR codes are now applied in many different ways. They are popularly used
in marketing commercial products, organizational or professional networking and even for
personal purposes. In recent years, QR codes applications have extended to educational contexts as well. Capitalizing on students rampant use of mobile devices, many teachers have
devised creative uses of QR codes in the classroom.

B. How do you scan QR codes?

To scan QR codes and access their digital content, a mobile device such as smart phone
or tablet connected to wireless internet is needed. The device should also have a QR code
scanner app. There are many free QR code scanner apps which can be downloaded online for
Android, iOS, Blackberry and Windows devices. The following are some popular choices:

QRafter

Scan

I-nigma

Quick Scan

QRDroid

QR Code Reader and Scanner

Exercise 1
Instructions:
Scan the QR code below using the QRafter app that you downloaded.
Follow the steps shown in the diagram.

How to scan a QR code:

Note: Some pop-up ads may

show with this free scanner app.

What interesting facts did you learn from the sample QR code?
Write your responses below.

C. How do you create QR codes?

QR codes can be easily created using any of the many free
online QR code generators. To create a QR code, the data type for
the digital content must first be determined. Data types can be
links or URLs to websites, images, videos, audio files or social
media sites. They can also be geo-location maps, contact information details or simply plain text. Embedding logos or other
images and tracking of the number of scans or visits are some
added features in some QR code generators. The following are
some popular online QR code generators:

Scan this QR code to

watch a video tutorial.

http://qrstuff.com/

http://www.qrcode-monkey.com/

http://goqr.me/

http://qrvoice.net/

https://www.the-qrcode-generator.com/

http://www.visualead.com/

The screenshot of http://qrstuff.com below also outlines the 4 easy steps in creating a QR code.

Exercise 2
Instructions:
Open http://qrstuff.com, then create and print a QR code for one of the following:
a. your school website
b. your Facebook page
c. your favorite Youtube video
d. Google map of your city
e. your contact details for a business card
f. an online image
g. a text-to-voice recording (use http://qrvoice.net)
h. a short plain text paragraph about yourself

When done, print and cut the QRCode then paste your it on the
square below. Also, test your QR code using the QRafter app on
your mobile device.

D. QR Codes Mash-ups: How do we use QR codes in the library?

QR codes + Screencasting
Library instructions and tutorials

Instructional videos that show how to navigate websites or computer programs can be
made through screencasting, a technique that captures and records activities on the
computer screen. Student tasks such as searching the library online catalogue, writing
correct bibliographic citations and using the school learning management system (LMS)
are some useful topics for screencast video tutorials. They can be uploaded to video sharing sites such as Youtube and then linked to QR codes that can be printed and posted to
specific library
sections.

Scan the QR code in the poster to see the content.

Scan to learn
more about
Screencast-o-matic,
a free online tool for
screen casting.

QR Code Project Sample 1: Poster for tutorials.

10

QR codes + Google Docs & Google Forms / Nabble Forum

Book & DVD student reviews

QR codes that link to Google Docs and Google Forms and are attached to books or DVDs
can make reading or film viewing more collaborative for students. This is particularly useful for
student social reading clubs. When students scan the QR code, they can read a book or film
synopsis shown on a Google Docs page. This page also contains a link to a Google survey form
which students can use to write their book or DVD reviews. The page also provides the link to
the survey results where one can see the reviews of other students. An alternative to Google
Forms are free online message boards or forums such as Nabble (http://nabble.com).
Discussion threads can be created using Nabble.
Scan the QR codes below to see examples of book and DVD reviews shared by students.
QR Code Project Sample 2a.:
Book synopsis and student reviews.

QR Code Project Sample 2b:

DVD synopsis and student reviews.

11

QR codes + QRVoice / Soundcloud

Audio in books, posters and other materials

QR codes can also be generated from voice recording and audio sharing websites.
QRVoice (http://qrvoice.net) is a free online text-to-speech tool that can be used for various
purposes. This can be very useful for voice greetings in the library or for children's books intended for early readers. A QR code can be attached to a book page which when scanned by the
parent or teacher produces voice narration or other sounds. Audio sharing sites such as
Soundcloud (http://soundcloud.com ) can also be useful especially for QR codes that link to
music or longer voice recordings.
Check out the following samples of audio-enhanced QR codes.
QR Code Project Sample 3a:
Voice narration on a book page.
QR Code Project Sample 3b:
Voice introduction to an artwork.

12

QR codes + Thinglink
Navigating library sections

Bigger school libraries sometimes provide a navigational map or floor plan of the different
sections in the library. This will be specially useful for new students who need orientation on
library resources and functions. QR codes can be generated from online interactive images
which can be used for digital library navigation. Thinglink (http://thinglink.com) is a free
online image mapping tool that allows embedding of text and media on the different sections
of an image. Using Thinglink, library floor plan or sections can be shown as an interactive
image. The QR code from this image link can then be printed and posted in strategic spots of
the library to assist students in locating library resources using their mobile devices.
Scan the QR code below to check out an example of a student-created interactive
library floor plan.

QR Code Project Sample 4:

Touch-screen image library navigation

13

QR codes + Social media, infographics, online website builders

Library posters and notice board announcements

Because QR codes provide links to practically any digital content, a host of different
types of electronic information, web links and media types can enhance an ordinary library
poster or notice board. QR codes for images, sample videos, related websites and voice
messages are some fun ways to jazz up the design of an event poster such as a library family
night. Infographics are also effective ways to visually present information. Piktochart
(http://piktochart.com) is a free online tool for creating infographics. QR codes can also be
an easy way to promote personal websites and blogs. Free online website builders include
Weebly, Wix, Google Sites, Wordpress and Blogger.
Below are samples of student-created posters.
QR Code Project Sample 5:
Posters with links to event website,
social media and student project website.

14

QR codes + Linoit
Interactive message boards

Linoit (http://linoit.com ) provides free collaborative virtual boards that work like a cork
board. Participants interact with each other by posting and responding to each other's messages in movable sticky notes that can contain images, documents, videos and audios. QR codes
that are generated from these Linoit boards will be specially useful for student study groups
and reading circles in the library.

QR Code Project Sample 6:

Collaborative sticky note board.

15

QR codes + Google Forms

Feedback from library users

Library staff often gather feedback about their services from library users. Instead of
using a pencil-and-paper survey or sending an electronic format through email, library users
can instantly use their mobile devices to scan a QR code that links to an electronic Google
Form survey.
Scan the QR code below to see an example of a feedback survey.

QR Code Project Sample 6:

Survey form

16

QR codes + (Whatever you imagine!)

Book hunts/Scavenger hunts

Scavenger hunts and book hunts are fun ways to explore library books and other
resources. Students can work individually or in teams to finish a library mission or a quest.
Moving in different places in the library, they search for clues as they answer questions or
complete challenges. QR codes add the digital dimension when trails and clues link to electronic contents. The activity becomes more engaging as students use mobile devices to access
information in various formats: text, image, video, audio, social media, websites, games and
maps, among others.

Scan the QR code below to see more

QR codes in action in a library!

17

C. Summary of Useful Online Tools That Can Be Used With QR Codes

a. Youtube
http://youtube.com
Potential use:
Where all kinds of videos
for QR codes can be
uploaded

g. QRVoice
http://qrvoice.net
Potential use:
Voice greetings,
voice narrations on
childrens books

b. Screencast-o-matic

h. Sound Cloud
http://soundcloud.com
Potential use:
Music, voice recordings

http://screencast-o-matic.com

Potential use:
Video tutorials on
navigating websites or
using computer programs
c. Google Docs
http://drive.google.com
Potential use:
Book and DVD
introductions or synopsis,
collaborative reports or
stories

i. Piktochart, Powtoon
http://piktochart.com
http://powtoon.com
Potential use:
Infographics,
animated presentation

d. Google Forms
http://drive.google.com
Potential use:
Book and DVD student
reviews and library
feedback survey forms

j. Thinglink
http://thinglink.com
Potential use:
Library navigation maps

e. Google Maps
http://maps.google.com
Potential use:
Geo-locations,
weather info, etc.

k. Linoit
http://linoit.com
Potential use:
Interactive sticky note
message boards

f. Weebly
(and other free online
website builders)
http://weebly.com
Potential use:
Project websites,
online portfolios

e. Nabble
http://nabble.com
Potential use:
Online forums

18

III

Aurasma: Augmented Reality

IMPORTANT NOTE :
Before you start this section, you must download and set
up Aurasma app on your mobile device.
Follow the steps below:
1. Scan the appropriate QR code below for your
device to download Aurasma.

App Store
(iOs)

Google Play
(Android)

2. Once Aurasma is installed in your device, create

your username and password.
3. After creating your Aurasma account, scan the QR
code below to follow the Aurasma channel needed
for this workshop.
QR code for
Aurasma channel
to follow:
aismtech

You can also scan the

QR code below to watch
a video tutorial on
setting up Aurasma.

19

A. What is augmented reality?

Augmented Reality (AR) refers to a technology that uses image recognition that blends
or integrates digital content into the physical world. Through AR, videos, 3D animations,
sounds and other types of rich digital media are embedded into static images or objects when
scanned using mobile devices ( Metaoio, 2015).
AR is a technology that enhances or supplements our perception of reality by making
common everyday objects digitally interactive in real time. A common application is when AR
brings to life images on paper, linking the physical and the virtual. While AR and QR codes
both make use of mobile devices for scanning, AR uses actual objects or images as targets. AR
content interacts with reality unlike QR codes that simply serve as digital links (Montgomery,
2013).
AR is popularly used in product marketing, 3D simulations, virtual tours, exhibits and
gaming, among others. Many schools have likewise tapped its instructional potentials as many
students use smart mobile devices on campus. There are many AR apps available for mobile
devices. Aurasma is a popular app that allows users to create AR content, commonly a video
or an animation, and combine it with a static image. The diagram shows the key terms used in
Aurasma: (Neltner, 2013).

20

B. How do you scan a trigger image using Aurasma ?

To scan a trigger image, follow the steps shown in the diagram below:
How to scan an Aurasma trigger image:

Exercise 3
Instructions:
Follow the steps on the previous page to scan the image below.

21

Describe how Aurasma differs from QR codes. Write your responses on the box below.

22

C. How do you create your own Aurasma interactive image?

The diagram below outlines how many Alternatively,

you can scan the QR code below to watch the video
tutorial.

23

2. Prepare the trigger image.

3. Create and share the aura.

24

Exercise 4
Following the instructions given on the previous page, create a video overlay for the
image below.
To use your uploaded Youtube videos as
Aurasma overlays, the easiest way is to create
Aurasma projects on the Aurasma Studio
website (http://studio.aurasma.com) using a
desktop or laptop computer.
Scan the QR code on the right to watch a video
tutorial that explains the process.

25

D. Using Aurasma in the library

Aurasma + Screen casting

Library instructions and tutorials

This works pretty much the same way as the QR codes for video tutorials described on page 10.
Screencasting is also used to create the video tutorials. But instead of using QR codes, actual
images, photos or illustrations are scanned to make the videos instantly pop out on the device
screen.
To see examples of library video tutorials, scan the following trigger images created
by students.

26

Aurasma + Tellagami
Animated library introductions greetings or messages

Tellagami is a mobile device app that allows users to create talking cartoon avatars with
customizable image backgrounds. Tellagami projects are rendered as videos and can be saved
in the devices photo album. These videos can then be retrieved to be used for Aurasma. This is
a fun way to use for library animated introductions, greetings and messages.
Use Aurasma to scan the following student-created projects and see examples of how Tellagami
can be used with Aurasma for library purposes.

27

Aurasma + Tellagami
3. Book/character introductions and DVD trailers

Tellagami can also be used to introduce books or fictional characters. An animated talking avatar can describe the topic of a book or the setting of a story. It can also act as a character in a
fictional work. Aside from Tellagami projects, you can also create your own videos using video
editing programs such as iMovie or Moviemaker. These personalized videos can be uploaded to
Youtube to be used for Aurasma (See page 22). The covers of the books themselves can be used
as image triggers for Aurasma. For DVDs, existing movie trailers found on Youtube can serve as
overlays for DVD covers.
To see how book introductions and movie trailers can make books and DVDs more interactive,
use Aurasma to scan the student-created projects below.
DVD Trailer
Book introduction

Book introduction

28

Aurasma + Powtoon
Animated infographics posters

Aurasma video overlays are commonly used in posters with trigger images. In the library, many
posters are often seen on walls, panels and shelves. These posters can be digitally enhanced
through Ausrasma. For video overlays, these posters can also use videos found on Youtube or
created using Telligami, screen casting or video editing programs. In addition, the following
online tools can also make video overlays fun and interesting:
Powtoon (http://powtoon.com) - allows users to create animated presentations and
infographics which can be published on Youtube.
ShowMe - is an iPad app that simulates scribbling on a whiteboard. This is useful for tutorials such as Match calculations and sketching diagrams. While created on an iPad, ShowMe
projects can be downloaded as movie files by opening the projects in a desktop or laptop
computer. These movie files can then be uploaded to Youtube to be used as video overlay
for Aurasma.
Scan the QR codes below to watch introductory video tutorials on Powtoon and ShowMe.

About Me infographic

Sports infographic

29

Aurasma + Other Creative Videos

Posters for Student Multimedia Projects

Sample Projects:

Stop-motion #2

Stop-motion #1

Stop-motion #3

30

Interactive posters are a great way to present student multimedia projects.

Use Aurasma to scan the student-created projects below.

31

32

Aurasma + Materials-based student projects

Posters for Exhibit Displays

Project poster for an exhibit display

Sample Project:

use
n we
a
c
w
Ho
or
sma f
Aura
r
ce fai
scien
cts?
proje

33

Aurasma + (Whatever you imagine!)

Book hunts/Scavenger hunts

Sample Project:

Clue for a hunt game

34

C. Summary of Useful Sites for Aurasma Applications in the Library

a. Tellagami
iPad app
Potential use:
Talking avatars, book introductions, explainer
videos

g. Weebly
(and other free online
website builders)
http://weebly.com
For Aurasma Studio
Potential use: Project websites, online portfolios

b. Screencast-o-matic

h. Sound Cloud
http://soundcloud.com
Potential use:
Music, voice recordings

http://screencast-o-matic.com

For Aurasma Studio

Potential use:
Video tutorials on navigating websites or using
computer programs
c. Youtube
http://youtube.com
For Aurasma Studio
Potential use:
Where all kinds of videos for Aurasma overlays
can be uploaded

i. Google Maps
http://maps.google.com
For Aurasma Studio
Potential use:
Geo-locations, weather info, etc.

d. Powtoon
http://powtoon.com
For Aurasma Studio
Potential use:
Infographics, animated presentation

j. Thinglink
http://thinglink.com
For Aurasma Studio
Potential use:
Library navigation maps

e. ShowMe
iPad app
For Aurasma Studio
Potential use:
Video tutorials. explainer videos

k. Linoit
http://linoit.com
For Aurasma Studio
Potential use:
Interactive sticky note message boards

f. Explain Everything
iPad app
For Aurasma Studio
Potential use:
Video tutorials. explainer videos

l. Nabble
http://nabble.com
For Aurasma Studio
Potential use:
Online forums

35

IV

Comparing QR Codes and Aurasma

QR Codes

Target

QR codes

Aurasma
Trigger images

Possible types of dig- Highly versatile: Text, websites,

ital content
videos, audio, images, animations,
maps, social
media, games, contact details,
survey forms, etc.

Aurasma app (mobile device):

images, photo

Interactive/ ollaborative
(allows user to participate in the digital
content, example:
write or draw)

Aurasma app is limited to the

photos and images contained in the
device.

It depends on the digital content.

The QR code must link to an
online site with features that
allows users to manipulate,
participate or control the digital
content.

Aurasma Studio:
Text, websites, videos, audio,
images, animations, maps, social
media, games, surveys, etc.

Selection of more interactive digital

content can be done using Aurasma
Studio.

Digital content
No. QR codes only act as quick
appears to be
visual URLs of websites.
combined or blended
with the physical
object

Yes. The video overlay can be

resized and repositioned such that
it blends with the physical trigger
image or object. It also allows 3D
effects.

Requires wireless
internet connection

Yes

Yes

East to create?

Yes. QR codes can be easily

created using online QR code
generators.

A process must be followed to

create an aura. The overlay and
trigger image must first be created.
Combining these two will create the
aura.

Easy to share?

Yes. All you need is a QR code

You need to have the Aurasma app
scanner on your device to scan QR on your device, and you need to
codes.
follow the user who created the
aura.

36

Exercise 5
Instructions:
1. Create a poster with QR codes and trigger images for any of the following events:

Edible book contest

AISM Shakespeare Night

Library Open Night

Mozambique Festival

Personal Project Evening

2. Refer to the checklist below for the required elements in the poster.
Requirements for the interactive poster
1. The poster has an interesting and purposeful theme.
2. The poster has a neatly organized overall layout.
3. A QR code is included.
4. The QR code functionally links to a relevant digital content.
5. A functional trigger image is included.
6. The trigger image has engaging and relevant overlay.
7. It is clear in the poster which elements are to be scanned.
8. There is a good balance between text and images.
9. The poster used an appealing color scheme.
10. The poster has an appropriate size for its intended purpose.

37

38

References
Websites:
Godstein, A. (2014, March 11). QR codes and Aurasma in the Library. Retrieved May 3, 2015,
from http://www.slideshare.net/poeticks8tr/qr-codes-and-aurasma-in-the-library
Jones, G. (2012, May 12). The Daring Librarian: QR Code Quest Scavenger Hunt- Part Deux!
Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.thedaringlibrarian.com/2012/05/qr-code-quest-scavenger-hunt-partdeux.html
Metaoio. (2015). What is Augmented Reality? Retrieved May 1, 2015, from
http:// www.metaio.com/technology/
Montgomery, M. (2013). Augmented Reality: Aurasma - Tackk. Retrieved May 1, 2015, from
https://tackk.com/aurasma
Neltner, H. (2014, January 2). Learning in Progress. Retrieved May 3, 2015, from
http://learninprogress.blogspot.com/2014/01/intro-to-augmented-reality-aurasma.html
Vacek, R. (2011, March 16). QR Codes and Augmented Reality Help Libraries Extend Services.
Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.slideshare.net/vacekrae/qr-codes-and-augmented-reality-helplibrariesextend-services
Videos:
Aurasma. (2013, April 24). The World of Aurasma Around Us. Retrieved May 1, 2015, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOaKzffojm8
Common Craft. (2010, June 10). Augmented Reality - Explained by Common Craft (Free Version). Retrieved
May 1, 2015, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-A1l4Jn6EY
Davis, A. (2014, February 9). Creating Aurasma Aura with a YouTube video. Retrieved May 1, 2015, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZM9Ui7fFLpM
Great Ways to Use QR Codes for Marketing. (2012, December 10). Retrieved May 1, 2015, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuXgskPvXuw&spfreload=10
Heister, J. (2013, August 13). Creating QR Codes with qrstuff.com. Retrieved May 1, 2015, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fixBb_lnICQ
Howard, M. (2013, June 5). Aurasma Studio. Retrieved May 1, 2015, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vz4zkQreWqA
Zigmond, M. (2013, September 2). Aurasma - channel set up & create auras. Retrieved May 1, 2015, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm_zuFmcBKA

39

Notes

40