Experiment 15

Tolerance

Tolerance classification
Dimension tolerance
0.005
0
.
375
1. Bilateral
.005
2. unilateral 0.500 .000
Geometric tolerance
1. Form
2. Profile
3. Location

Natural spread of dimensions:

The histogram
mean value
x1 x2 x3 .......... xn
X
n
standard deviation
( X x1 ) ( X x2 ) ............ ( X xn )

n 1
2

Fitting part together

To fit shaft and hole together, there must
have a standard to define the
dimensions.
1. Clearance fit
2. Interference fit
3. Shrink fit

30H7/s8

The influence of tool wear

Control chart
Upper and lower control limits

Selective assembly

Tolerance accumulation

Tolerance calculation
Worst case analysis
smallest gap (ai ai ) (bi bi )

largestest gap (ai ai ) (bi bi )

mean ai bi

upper bound of the gap (ai ai ) (bi bi ) ( ai bi )

ai bi

lower bound of the gap (ai ai ) (bi bi ) ( ai bi )

( ai bi )

Statistic tolerance

tolerance

2
i

Surface quality
Equations:

1 L
Ra y dx
L 0
1 L 2
2
Rq y dx
L 0

Geometric tolerance

Weak points of size tolerance

Incapable of controlling all aspects of the
shape of the part.
Do not use of datum.
Extending the
conventional tolerance
method to control
location.

Datums

Type of geometric tolerances

Location tolerance

Example
As shown in figure, the diameter of bolt is 0.250.26in. Find the possibility of assembly.
Sol.
d s ,max d h ,min Tp
d s ,max 2.260 and d h ,min 2.270
gives Tp 0.010
but tolerance is 0.015 can not be assemblied

Form tolerance