The Mole

Section 10.1 Measuring Matter

Section 10.2 Mass and the Mole
Section 10.3 Moles of Compounds

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Section 10.1 Measuring Matter

Explain how a mole is
used to indirectly count
the number of particles of
matter.
Relate the mole to a
common everyday
counting unit.

molecule: two or more

atoms that covalently
bond together to form a
unit

Convert between moles

and number of
representative particles.

Avogadros number

mole

Chemists use the mole to count atoms,

molecules, ions, and formula units.

Counting Particles
Chemists need a convenient method for
accurately counting the number of atoms,
molecules, or formula units of a substance.
The mole is the SI base unit used to measure
the amount of a substance.
1 mole is the amount of atoms in 12 g of pure
carbon-12, or 6.02 1023 atoms.
The number is called Avogadros number.

Converting Between Moles and Particles

Conversion factors must be used.
Moles to particles

Number of molecules in 3.50 mol of sucrose

Converting Between Moles and Particles

(cont.)

Particles to moles
Use the inverse of Avogadros number as the
conversion factor.

Section 10.1 Assessment

What does the mole measure?
A. mass of a substance
B. amount of a substance
C. volume of a gas
D. density of a gas

A.
B.
C.
D.

A
B
C
D

Section 10.1 Assessment

What is the conversion factor for
determining the number of moles of a
substance from a known number of
particles?
A.
B.
C. 1 particle 6.02 1023
D. 1 mol 6.02 1023 particles

A.
B.
C.
D.

A
B
C
D

Section 10.2 Mass and the Mole

Relate the mass of an atom conversion factor: a
to the mass of a mole of
ratio of equivalent
atoms.
values used to express
the same quantity in
Convert between number
different units
of moles and the mass of
an element.
Convert between number
of moles and number of
atoms of an element.

molar mass

A mole always contains the same number

of particles; however, moles of different
substances have different masses.

The Mass of a Mole

1 mol of copper and 1 mol of carbon have
different masses.
One copper atom has a different mass than 1
carbon atom.

The Mass of a Mole (cont.)

Molar mass is the mass in grams of one
mole of any pure substance.
The molar mass of any element is
numerically equivalent to its atomic mass and
has the units g/mol.

Using Molar Mass

Moles to mass

3.00 moles of copper has a mass of 191 g.

Using Molar Mass (cont.)

Convert mass to moles with the inverse
molar mass conversion factor.
Convert moles to atoms with Avogadros
number as the conversion factor.

Using Molar Mass (cont.)

This figure shows the steps to complete
conversions between mass and atoms.

Section 10.2 Assessment

The mass in grams of 1 mol of any pure
substance is:
A. molar mass
B. Avogadros number
C. atomic mass
D. 1 g/mol

A.
B.
C.
D.

A
B
C
D

Section 10.2 Assessment

Molar mass is used to convert what?
A. mass to moles
B. moles to mass
C. atomic weight
D. particles

A.
B.
C.
D.

A
B
C
D

Section 10.3 Moles of Compounds

Recognize the mole relationships shown by a
chemical formula.
Calculate the molar mass of a compound.
Convert between the number of moles and mass of
a compound.
Apply conversion factors to determine the number of
atoms or ions in a known mass of a compound.
representative particle: an atom, molecule, formula
unit, or ion

Section 10.3 Moles of Compounds (cont.)

The molar mass of a compound can be
calculated from its chemical formula
and can be used to convert from mass
to moles of that compound.

Chemical Formulas and the Mole

Chemical formulas indicate the numbers
and types of atoms contained in one unit of
the compound.
One mole of CCl2F2 contains one mole of C
atoms, two moles of Cl atoms, and two moles
of F atoms.

The Molar Mass of Compounds

The molar mass of a compound equals the
molar mass of each element, multiplied by
the moles of that element in the chemical
formula, added together.
The molar mass of a compound
demonstrates the law of conservation of
mass.

Converting Moles of a Compound to Mass

For elements, the conversion factor is the
molar mass of the compound.
The procedure is the same for compounds,
except that you must first calculate the molar
mass of the compound.

Converting the Mass of a Compound to Moles

The conversion factor is the inverse of the
molar mass of the compound.

Converting the Mass of a Compound to

Number of Particles
Convert mass to moles of compound with
the inverse of molar mass.
Convert moles to particles with Avogadros
number.

Converting the Mass of a Compound to

Number of Particles (cont.)
This figure summarizes the conversions
between mass, moles, and particles.

Section 10.3 Assessment

How many moles of OH ions are in 2.50
moles of Ca(OH)2?
A. 2.00
B. 2.50
C. 4.00
D. 5.00

A.
B.
C.
D.

A
B
C
D

Section 10.3 Assessment

How many particles of Mg are in 10 moles
of MgBr2?
A. 6.02 1023
B. 6.02 1024
C. 1.20 1024
D. 1.20 1025

A.
B.
C.
D.

A
B
C
D