MandiSeaton

NervousSystemLabReport
Mrs.Lafferty

Thenervoussystemisacomplexcollectionofnervesandspecializedcellsknownas
neuronsthattransmitsignalsfromdifferentpartsofthebody.Thenervoussystemhastwo
components:thecentralnervoussystemandtheperipheralnervoussystem.Thecentral
nervoussystemconsistofthebrain,spinalcord,andnerves.Theperipheralnervoussystem
consistofsensoryneurons,ganglia(clustersofneurons)andthenervesthatconnecttoone
anotherandgothecentralnervoussystem.Thenervoussystemalsohastwomain
subdivisions:thesomatic,orvoluntary,componentandtheautonomic,orinvoluntary,
component.Theautonomicnervoussystemsregulatesthebody'sprocesses,suchasblood
pressureandtherateofbreathing,thatworkwithoutconsciouseffort.Thesomaticsystem
consistofnervesthatconnecttothebrainandspinalcordwithmusclesandsensory
receptorsintheskin.Thenervoussystemistissuemadeoftwoclassesofcellsneuronsand
neuroglia.Neuronscommunicatewithinthebody'sbytransmittingelectrochemicalsignals.
Therearethreetypesofneuronsafferentneurons,efferentneurons,andinterneurons.
Neurogliaactasthehelpercellsofthenervoussystem.Thereareapproximately100billion
neuronsofthebrainformthemaincontrolcenterofthebody.Thespinalcordisamassof
bundledneuronsthatcarriesinformationthroughthevertebralcavityofthespine.(Retrieved
from
http://www.livescience.com/22665nervoussystem.html
)

Figure1
Figure1
(drawnbyMandiSeaton)isaviewoftheprotectivelayersofthecraniumstartingat
thescalpandendingatthebrain.

MandiSeaton
NervousSystemLabReport
Mrs.Lafferty

Figure2
Figure2
(drawnbyMandiSeaton)ispictureofaneuronandaneuroglia.

Figure3
Figure3(PhotostakenbyMandiS.andRhiannonT.)
isapictureofasheepsbrainwith
someofthemajorcranialnervelabeledincludingtheOlfactoryBulbandtheOpticNerve.

MandiSeaton
NervousSystemLabReport
Mrs.Lafferty

Figure4
Figure4
isavisualizationoftheplacementofthe12cranialnerves.

Figure5
Figure5
isthecranialnervesinorderandtheassessmentofeach.(Retrievedfrom
https://www.americannursetoday.com/assets/0/434/436/440/5120/5122/5154/5156/904adb93
6d32477083d7e6f1ad1667d2.pdf
)

MandiSeaton
NervousSystemLabReport
Mrs.Lafferty

Figure6
Figure6
isagraphthatshowstheactionpotentialinaneuron.Timeismeasuredin
milliseconds,whilevoltageismeasuredinmillivolts.

Figure7
Figure7
isatableoftoxinsgatheredfromareadingof
EscapefromPlanetSoma
.Itnames
thetoxinandtheeffectishasonthebody,ormorespecificallytheNervousSystem.

MandiSeaton
NervousSystemLabReport
Mrs.Lafferty

Figure8
Figure8(PhotoTakenbyPerlaA.)
isapictureofacatsspinalcordandvertebra.

Figure9
Figure9
isacollageofthespinalnervespictures(
PhotostakenbyMandiS
.).Theycome
frominsidethe:thoraciccavity,neck,arm,posteriorandanteriorsideofthethigh.Thesciatic
nerve
(pictured)
isactuallythelargestnerveinthebody.

MandiSeaton
NervousSystemLabReport
Mrs.Lafferty
Inconclusion,thenervoussystemiscomprisedofmanydifferentaspectsincludingthe
brain,thespinalcord,nerves,neurons,neuroglia,etc.Thebrainisprotectedbytheskull,
meninges,cerebrospinalfluid,andthebloodbrainbarrier.Themeningescoverandprotect
thebrainitself.ThemainmeningesaretheDuramater,theArachnoidmater,andthePia
mater.Theduramaterismadeupoftwoparts:PeriostealandMeningeal.Thebloodbrain
barrierprotectsthebrainforwithin.Itismadeupofflattenedoutcellscalledendothelialcells.
TherearefourNervoussystemspartsCentral,Peripheral,Cranial,andAutonomic.The
CentralNervousSystemistheintegrationandcommandcenter.Itconsistofthebrain,spinal
cord,andretina.ThePeripheralNervousSystemcontainsfourdifferentnervessections:
cervical,thoracic,lumbar,andsacral.Itconsistofthesensorynerves,ganglia,andnerves
thatconnecttheCentralNervousSystemtothearms,legs,hands,andfeet.TheCranial
NervousSystemconnectsthebraintotheeyes,mouth,ears,andotherpartsofthehead.
Lastly,theAutonomicNervousSystemconnectstheCentralNervousSystemtothelungs,
heart,stomach,intestines,bladder,andsexorgans.

Bolek,B.(2006,November)
FacingCranialNerveAssessment.
Retrievedfrom
https://www.americannursetoday.com/assets/0/434/436/440/5120/5122/5154/5156/904adb93
6d32477083d7e6f1ad1667d2.pdf

Zimmermann,K.A.(2015,January26)
NervousSystem:Facts,Functions,andDiseases.
Retrievedfrom
http://www.livescience.com/22665nervoussystem.html

Lesch,M.,&Nyhan,W.(n.d.).
Afamilialdisorderofuricacidmetabolismandcentralnervous
systemfunction.
TheAmericanJournalofMedicine,561570.Retrievedfrom
http://www.amjmed.com/article/00029343(64)901044/abstract

Antranik.(2011,November20)
ProtectionfortheBrain:Meninges,CSF,BloodBrain
Barrier.
Retrievedfrom
http://antranik.org/protectionforthebrainmeningescsfbloodbrainbarrier/