NAME: Jessica Nguyen

UNIT: Personality
DUE: 2015 April 8th
TERM

DEFINITION

Personality

Individuals characteristic
pattern of thinking, feeling, and
acting.
In psychoanalysis, a method of
exploring the unconscious in
which the person relaxes and
says whatever comes to mind,
no matter how trivial or
embarrassing.
Freuds theory of personality
and therapeutic technique that
attributes thoughts and actions
to unconscious motives and
conflicts. Freud believed the
patients free associations,
resistances, dreams, and
transferencesand the
therapists interpretations of
themreleased previously
repressed feelings, allowing the
patient to gain self-insight.
A reservoir of unconscious
psychic energy that, according
to Freud, strives to satisfy basic
sexual and aggressive drives.
The id operates on the pleasure
principle, demanding
immediate gratification.
The largely conscious,
executive part of personality
that, according to Freud,
mediates among the demands
of the id, superego, and reality.
The ego operates on the reality
principle, satisfying the ids
desires in ways that will
realistically bring pleasure
rather than pain.
The part of personality that,

Free
Association

Psychoanalysis

Id

Ego

Superego

APPLICATION OF
TERM/SIGNIFICANCE (IN
YOUR OWN WORDS AND
IN A SENTENCE)
You can have a funny
personality and always tell
jokes.
Being drunk and saying
whatever comes to mind.

Freud thought that

personality was more from
the unconscious.

Wanting to punch someone

in the face because they
said something rude.

Deciding if you should or

shouldnt punch someone
in the face. Then keeping
in mind that it might get
you suspended.

Knowing that it is wrong to

Psychosexual
stages

Oedipus
complex

Identification

Fixation

Defense
mechanisms

Regression

Reaction
Formation

according to Freud, represents

internalized ideals and provides
standards for judgment (the
conscience) and for future
aspirations.
The childhood stages of
development (oral, anal,
phallic, latency, genital) during
which, according to Freud, the
ids pleasure-seeking energies
focus on distinct erogenous
zones.
According to Freud, a boys
sexual desires toward his
mother and feelings of jealousy
and hatred for the rival father.

punch someone, so instead

you tell them they
shouldnt say rude things.

The process by which,

according to Freud, children
incorporate their parents
values into their developing
superegos.
(1) The inability to see a
problem from a new
perspective, by employing a
different mental set. (2)
according to Freud, a lingering
focus of pleasure-seeking
energies at an earlier
psychosexual stage, in which
conflicts were unresolved.
In psychoanalytic theory, the
egos protective methods of
reducing anxiety by
unconsciously distorting reality.

Not being rude because

your parents have always
been nice, and taught you
to be like them.

Psychoanalytic defense
mechanism in which an
individual faced with anxiety
retreats to a more infantile
psychosexual stage, where
some psychic energy remains
fixated.
Psychoanalytic defense
mechanism by which the ego
unconsciously switches
unacceptable impulses into

Every time you start

getting anxious, you start
sucking your thumb like
you did as a kid.

The oral stage consists of

constantly sucking your
thumb for an example.

Mamas boy (literally)

Lets say you got stung by

a bee when you were
younger, you might be
afraid of bees for the rest
of your life because of that
event.

Telling yourself that its not

your fault that something
happened, like a break up.

Saying you love your mom

to your friends when they
ask but actually secretly
loathing her.

Projection

Rationalization

Displacement

Sublimation

their opposites.
Psychoanalytic defense
mechanism by which people
disguise their own threatening
impulses by attributing them to
others.
Psychoanalytic defense
mechanism that offers selfjustifying explanations in place
of the real, more threatening,
unconscious reasons for ones
actions.
Psychoanalytic defense
mechanism that shifts sexual or
aggressive impulses toward a
more acceptable or less
threatening object or person, as
when redirecting anger toward
a safer outlet.

Accusing your
girlfriend/boyfriend of
cheating on you when you
are the one that has
actually been thinking
about doing it yourself.
Saying that one failing test
grade wont could easily
be made up by doing well
on the next one, so its not
a big deal.
Punching the wall when
youre angry at someone.

Psychoanalytic defense
mechanism by which people rechannel their unacceptable
impulses into socially approved
activities.
Psychoanalytic defense
mechanism by which people
refuse to believe or even to
perceive painful realities.

Bringing in sexual content

to art or writings to relieve
the sexual desires.

Collective
Unconscious

Carl Jungs concept of a shared,

inherited reservoir of memory
traces from our species history.

Myths being passed down

through generations.

Projective test

A personality test that provides

ambiguous stimuli designed to
trigger projection of ones inner
dynamics.
A projective test in which
people express their inner
feelings and interests through
the stories they make up about
ambiguous scenes.
The most widely used
projective test, a set of 10
inkblots, designed by Hermann
Rorschach; seeks to identify
peoples inner feelings by

Used to discover more

about your unconscious
personality.

Denial

Thematic
Apperception
Test (TAT)
Rorschach
Inkblot Test

Telling yourself your friend

didnt pass away, but
knowing she did several
months ago.

Seeing a picture of an old

woman standing behind a
younger woman and
saying it was a flashback.
An inkblot can look like a
bat (animal) to someone,
but a butterfly to another.

TerrorManagement
Theory
Self-Actuation

Unconditional
Positive
Regard
Self-Concept

Trait

Personality
Inventory

Minnesota
Multiphasic
Personality
Inventory
(MMPI)

Empirically
Derived Test

analyzing their interpretations

of the blots.
A theory of death-related
anxiety; explores peoples
emotional and behavioral
responses to reminders of their
impending death.
According to Maslow, one of the
ultimate psychological needs
that arises after basic physical
and psychological needs are
met and self-esteem is
achieved; the motivation to
fulfill ones potential.
A caring, accepting,
nonjudgmental attitude, which
Carl Rogers believed would help
clients to develop selfawareness and self-acceptance.
All our thoughts and feelings
about ourselves, in answer to
the question, Who am I?
A characteristic pattern of
behavior or a disposition to feel
and act, as assessed by selfreport inventories and peer
reports.
A questionnaire (often with
true-false or agree-disagree
items) on which people respond
to items designed to gauge a
wide range of feelings and
behaviors; used to assess
selected personality traits.
The most widely researched
and clinically used of all
personality tests. Originally
developed to identify emotional
disorders (still considered its
most appropriate use), this test
is now used for many other
screening purposes.
A test (such as the MMPI)
developed by testing a pool of
items and then selecting those
that discriminate between
groups.

Studying someone to see

why theyre always so
paranoid to drive in a car.
Finding the real full you,
being completely happy.
And having all that is
needed.

Being open-minded.

Figuring out what you want

to do with yourself and
your life, and who you are.
Having the good
judgement trait, or being
responsible.
Used to tell you more
about your personality
through a series of
questions.

Someone with bipolar

disorder might take this
test.

Clustering group of kids in

different groups to match
their personality.

SocialCognitive
Perspective
Reciprocal
Determinism

Personal
Control
External Locus
of Control
Internal Locus
of Control
Positive
Psychology

Self

Spotlight
Effect

Self-Esteem
Self-Serving
Bias

Views behavior as influenced

by the interaction between
peoples traits (including their
thinking) and their social
context.
The interacting influences of
behavior, internal cognition,
and environment.

The extent to which people

perceive control over their
environment rather than feeling
helpless.
The perception that chance or
outside forces beyond your
personal control determine
your fate.
The perception that you control
your own fate.
The scientific study of optimal
human functioning; aims to
discover and promote strengths
and virtues that enable
individuals and communities to
thrive.
In contemporary psychology,
assumed to be the center of
personality, the organizer of
our thoughts, feelings, and
actions.
Overestimating others noticing
and evaluating our appearance,
performance, and blunders (as
if we presume a spotlight
shines on us).
Ones feelings of high or low
self-worth.
A readiness to perceive oneself
favorably.

When you start hanging

around a group of people
that all like sports, and so
you start watching sports
to fit in.
Lets say you already liked
chess (cognition), so you
join the chess club
(environment), and this
results in you hanging
around chess club people.
(behavior)
Having confidence in doing
well on your exam in the
testing room.
Blaming that the test was
way too difficult for me.
Saying you should have
studied more for the test
to make a better grade.
Being optimistic.

Being yourself, not having

to act like anyone but
yourself.
Tripping going up the stairs
and thinking everyone saw
it, so youre embarrassed
all day. But in reality,
nobody really cares.
Having high self-esteem
and being confident in
your looks.
Paying attention to the
good things you do more
than the bad.