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  • Geneticsscript

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    This document provides an overview of genetics concepts including genes, DNA, chromosomes, and how they relate to human health and disease. It discusses how genes contain the code for proteins and are made up of DNA bases. The human genome contains around 20,000-25,000 genes. DNA contains all the genetic information and is made of a double helix structure. The document then describes a lab where students extracted DNA from cells in their mouth. It discusses how genetics plays a role in bone health and osteoporosis, with certain genes being linked to bone mineral density and fracture risk. The concepts are taught so students can learn more about how the body functions at a genetic level and to understand diseases.

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    This document provides an overview of genetics concepts including genes, DNA, chromosomes, and how they relate to human health and disease. It discusses how genes contain the code for proteins and are made up of DNA bases. The human genome contains around 20,000-25,000 genes. DNA contains all the genetic information and is made of a double helix structure. The document then describes a lab where students extracted DNA from cells in their mouth. It discusses how genetics plays a role in bone health and osteoporosis, with certain genes being linked to bone mineral density and fracture risk. The concepts are taught so students can learn more about how the body functions at a genetic level and to understand diseases.

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    22 vizualizări2 pagini

    Geneticsscript

    Încărcat de

    api-267134903
    This document provides an overview of genetics concepts including genes, DNA, chromosomes, and how they relate to human health and disease. It discusses how genes contain the code for proteins and are made up of DNA bases. The human genome contains around 20,000-25,000 genes. DNA contains all the genetic information and is made of a double helix structure. The document then describes a lab where students extracted DNA from cells in their mouth. It discusses how genetics plays a role in bone health and osteoporosis, with certain genes being linked to bone mineral density and fracture risk. The concepts are taught so students can learn more about how the body functions at a genetic level and to understand diseases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    din 2

    ExhibitionGenesScript

    Overviewoftermsandconcepts:
    InBiology,welearnedaboutmanytopics,someofwhichyouhaveheardfromother
    students.Anessentialpartofhowourbodiesworkhappenswithinthecells.Geneticsisthe
    studyofgenes.Genesareessentialtocreatingproteins,asectionorstringofDNAthatisa
    codetocreateaprotein.Yourcellsareconstantlycreatingandusingproteinstofunction.
    GenesresideintightlypackagedDNAandhistoneproteinstrandscalledchromosomes.
    Humanshave23pairsofchromosomesfortotal46,eachcontaininggenestotalinginabout
    20,00025,000genesestimatedbytheHumanGenomeProject.Genesaremadeupofthe
    basesofDNA(
    adenine,thymine,guanineandcytosine)whentheyformtogethertomakea
    patternorcode.
    Thesizeofagenevariesgreatly,fromabout1,000basesto1million.
    Genesareimportanttohealthbecausetheycontrolhowwemakeandfunctionthroughoutall
    ofourbodies.
    DNAstandsfor
    Deoxyribonucleicacid.DNAcontainstheinformationneededforan
    organismtodevelop,surviveandreproduce.Itisastructureddoublehelixstrandofgenes
    thatholdsallofthegeneticinformationinthebody.DNAismadefromasugarphosphate
    backboneandfourdifferentbases(A,T,G,andC)connectingtogether.DNAmakesproteins
    byenzymesreadingaspecificgeneandconvertingthecodesothataminoacidscancome
    togetherandcreateproteins.
    LabDescription:
    Inthisclass,weallconductedalabwhereweextractedDNAfromcellsinoutmouth.
    Werinsedourmouthswithsaltwatertoscrapetheinsideofourmouthstogetcellsintothe
    liquidandthenspitintoatesttube.Wegentlystirredsomedishsoapintothesolutionsothat
    itwouldbreakdownthecellwalls.Next,westirredinalcoholtoseparatethesolutionin
    layers.TheDNAisattractedtothealcohol,sothetoplayerholdsalloftheDNAstrands
    inside.Thenwestirredthesolutionuntilwesawwhiteclumpsformingontoaglassrod.We
    putthatintothesecapsules,whichholdallofourstrandsofDNA.
    GeneticsandBoneHealth:
    Withinthisroomwearealsotalkingaboutbonehealth,specificallythebonedisease
    osteoporosis.Thefirstgenefoundtobeassociatedwiththecommonformofosteoporosisis
    thereceptorforVitaminD(VDR).VDRisresponsibleforregulatingmanydifferentgenes
    includingcalciumandbonehomeostasis.ResearchersfromtheDiamantinaInstituteatThe
    UniversityofQueenslandpublishedapaperthatshowedtheirworkindiscoveringanover
    doublenumberofgenesinvolvedwiththisdiseasethanpreviouslythought.56mutationsof
    thegenescaninfluencetheBoneMassDensity(BMD).Thescientistsfoundthat14ofthose
    variantsincreasedtheriskofafracture.DNAandgeneshavethehereditaryinformationon
    diseaseandarevitaltohavinghealthybones.
    Whywelearnandstudytheseconcepts:
    ScientistsstudygenesandDNAsothattheycanlearnmoreaboutthebodyandlife.
    Thisknowledgeisapplicableinstudyingdiseases,usingDNAinforensics,studyinggenetic
    enhancement,andlearningmoreabouthumanhistory.DNAisvitaltohealthbecauseit
    containsinformationondiseasesandcodesforallfunctionsinthebody.

    Welearnedallabouttheseconceptsandtopicssothatweknewmoreaboutour
    bodiesandhealth.Thesetopicsarevitaltohealthbecausetheyareresponsibleforhowthe
    bodyfunctions.WeextractedDNAsothatwecouldhaveahandsonexperiencewithDNA
    andbemoreinvolvedwithourlearning.
    Wealllearnedaboutbonehealthbecauseonewegetolder,ourboneswillneedmore
    carebecausebonesdontgrowafteradulthood.Inordertostayhealthyandkeepyourbones
    healthyallthroughoutyourlife,itisimportanttoknowaboutallaboutthebodyandhowit
    workstogether.Geneshaveaveryimportantroleingeneticdiseases.

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