GPS Surveying-Notes

1. G.P.S-Global Positioning System

2. GPS Receivers-Measure distance by the number of wave length from the
satellites.
3. Carrier- The name of signal or wave
4. L1 Frequency-used by most GPS instruments.
5. 1 (one) cycle of frequency is equal to 19 centimeter
6. 1,575.42MHz- frequency of L1

7. 1(one) second is equal to 1 Billion waves

8. E.D.M.-Electronic Distance Meter
9. The signal of satellites is closer to the speed of light (300,000Km/sec)
10. The distance of satellite above from the earth is 24,000 Kilometer.
11. The Satellites are moving on its orbits.
12. Processing Software- determined the number of cycles
13. GPS Receivers needs to have direct line of sight to the satellites.
14. GPS measurement is 3 dimensional
15. Base Station-it is where we take side shots
16. Elevation is defined as the height of a point above a gravity surface.
17. Datum for Elevation-is the Mean Sea Level
18. GPS is not precise in measuring elevation.
19. WGS84-use as reference for GPS survey.
20. Static Survey- involves two or more receivers which collect data on different
points for sufficient amount of common time.
21. GPS signal is close but not equal to the speed of light because the effect of the
earths atmosphere (Ionosphere)
22. L1 and L2 frequency broadcast data
23. Dynamic GPS Survey techniques allow for very short on observation on survey
points.
24. Kinematic-Use to describe dynamic GPS Surveying.
25. Dynamic GPS Survey suitable only to areas of open terrain ex: desert, bodies of
water
Limited to tall buildings tall trees (urban centers, forest)
26. Static GPS Survey-reliable and accurate, good for control points, take longer
time than dynamics survey.
27. Least of Square Adjustments-use to adjust traverse closure.
28. Residual-an error after making all corrections.

29. Redundancy (error)-is needed to detect and eliminate errors