Laboratorul1112:ConfigurarearouterelorCISCO

Configurarea routerelor CISCO

naceastlucraredelaboratorsevaprezentantromaniersumarconfigurareaunuirouterCISCO.
ExistmaimultemetodedeconfigurareaunuirouterCISCO:
1. configurareaprinreeadepeunserverTFTP(prinmeniulcomenziisetup)
2. prinncrcareaunuifiierdeconfiguraresalvatnmemorie
3. configurareamanual
Deoarececonfigurareamanualestemultmaiflexibilicomplexaceastavafiprezentatncadrulacestui
laborator.
ComenziledeconfigurarealeunuirouterCISCOdepinddeversiuneasistemuluideoperareceruleazpe
acelrouter(sistemuldeoperaresenumeteIOS),decomponenteleIOS(ex.IPX,criptografie,etc.)ct
idedispozitiveleaflatencomponenarespectivuluirouter.Existtotuioseriedecomenziprezentepe
toateroutereleCISCO,dintrecareunelevorfiprezentateiaici.
Pentruconfigurarearouteruluiestenecesaraccesarealuiprinunadinmetodeleurmtoare:
prinintermediulconsoleideconfigurarenumitconsole(configurareainiialaunuirouterse
poateface doar prinaceastmetod). Comunicaiadintrecalculatoriroutersefacepeolinie
serialRS232.
printelnet(dacmcarointerfaethernetesteconfiguratcorect)
prin web (dacaserveruldewebalrouteruluiestepornitiointerfaethernetesteconfigurat
corect)
nvedereaconectriiprinintermediulconsoleideconfiguraresevafolosincadrullaboratoruluiaplicaia
minicom.Iniialparametriicomunicaieivorfi:viteza9600,8biidedate,1bitdestop,frparitate(9600,
N,8,1).Vitezade9600poatefiulteriorschimbat.
Pentruaobineliniadecomanddecelemaimulteorivatrebuifolosittasta [ENTER].Dacrouteruleste
neconfiguratliniadecomandvaartaastfel:
Router>
Dacrouterulesteconfiguratliniadecomandvaaratnfelulurmtor:
nume_router>
undenume_routervafinumeleasignatrouteruluiprincomandahostname.
IOSulesteorganizatnjurulideeideniveldesecuritate.Exist16niveledesecuritatedela0la15.
Fiecarenivelareasociatunsetdecomenzi,uneledinelefiindvalabiledoarnacelnivel.Conectareainiial
larouternevalsantrunmodneprivilegiatnumitUser EXEC Mode".Sepoatefolosicomandashow
privilegepentruaaflacareesteniveluldesecuritatencareneaflm.

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Laboratorul1112:ConfigurarearouterelorCISCO

Pentruaputeaconfigurarouterultrebuiesintrmntrunniveldesecuritatemaimare,cazncareprompul
sevaschimbanfelulurmtor:
Router#
nfiecareniveltastarea caracterului ?vaavea caefectafiareacomenzilorcepotfiexecutate. Daca
caracterul?estetastatdupaoanumitcomandsevaobinelistaparametrilorcomenziirespective.
Exemplu:
Router>show ?
Rezultatulexempluluidemaisusvafiafiareatuturorparametrilorcomenziishow.
Pentruaintranmodprivilegiatsefolosestecomandaenable.Moduldefaulteste15.Dacrouteruleste
configurat, pentru a intra n mod privilegiat va trebui s introducem o parol. n caz c routerul este
neconfiguratvomintradirectnacestmodobinndaccesulprivilegiat.
Comandashowpoateafiadiverseinformaiidesprerouter.
Exemplu:
show
show
show
show
show
show

?
configuration
running-config
ip
memory
hosts

Pentruconfigurarearouteruluivomfolosicomandaconfigurepentruaintranmoduldeconfigurare
global. Comanda poate avea unul din parametrii: terminal, network, memory. Opiunea
terminalsemnificfaptul csetuldecomenzideconfigurare vorfiintroduse delaterminal.Dup
rulareaacesteicomenziprompuldevine:
Router(config)#
Exemplu:
configure terminal
configure network
configure memory
NOT :ncadrullaboratoruluisevafolosiconfigure terminal.
nacestmodulsepotsetaoptiuniglobalealerouterului.Deexemplu, comandahostnameseteaza
numelerouterului.

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Laboratorul1112:ConfigurarearouterelorCISCO

Exem p l u :
Router(config)#hostname UnNume
UnNume(config)#
OaltcomandutilestesetareaserveruluideDNScevafifolositderouter.
ip name-server aa.bb.cc.dd
undeaa.bb.cc.ddesteadresadeIPaserveruluiDNS
Exem p l u :
Router(config)#ip name-server 10.6.11.1
Pentruaadaugaungatewaysepoatefolosi:
ip default-gateway aa.bb.cc.dd
undeaa.bb.cc.ddesteadresadeIPagatewayului
Exem p l u :
Router(config)#ip default-gateway 10.6.11.1
Pentruaadaugadomeniuldefaultsepoatefolosi:
ip default-domain DOMAIN
undeDOMAINestenumeledomeniului.
Exem p l u :
Router(config)#ip default-domain aut.utt.ro
Pentruaadaugaadresedehoststaticesepoatefolosi:
ip host host_name aa.bb.cc.dd [ee.ff.gg.hh] ....
unde
host_nameestenumelehostuluipentrucareseadaugaadresastatic
aa.bb.cc.dd [ee.ff.gg.hh] ... adresa/adreseledeipa/alehostului

Exem p l u :
Router(config)#ip host b614-1 10.6.14.1
Router(config)#ip host soleil 10.6.11.2 10.6.14.100
O comand care trebuie rulat ntotdeauna la configurarea unui router este comanda enable
secretcareseteazoparolpentruintrareanmodprivilegiat.
Exem p l u :
Router(config)#enable secret Parola-de-access.
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Laboratorul1112:ConfigurarearouterelorCISCO

undeParola-de-access.esteparoladeaccesnmodprivilegiat.
Pentruapuneoparoldeaccesperoutersefolosetecomandaenable password.Parolapoates
coninpnla80decaracterealfanumericedarnupoatesanceap cuunnumarsaucucaracterul
spaiu.Parolasevasalvainfisieruldeconfigurarenclar.Pentruaevitaacestlucrusevafolosicomanda
service password-encryptioncazncareparolasevasalvacriptat.
NOT :Nuexistniciomodalitatedearecuperaoparolpierdutcareseinenmodcriptat.
Pentruaneconectalarouterprintelnetestenecesarsconfigurammaimulteterminalevirtuale(vttys).n
generalsepotconfigura5astfeldeterminaledarrouterulsuportpnla100.Deasemeneaestebinesse
asignezeoparollaconectareaprintelnetdariuntimeoutpentruaevitacatoateterminalelesafieutilizate
launmomentdat.
Exem p l u :
Router(config)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#exec timeout 30 0
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#password parola_de_telnet
Router(config-line)#exit
Router(config)#
Obunaideeestesavemoparoliuntimeoutpeconsol.
Exem p l u :
Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#exec timeout 15 0
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#password parola_de_consola
Router(config-line)#exit
Router(config)#
Pentruaconfiguraointerfaethernetsevaprocedadupacumurmeaz:
Exem p l u :
Router(config)#interface ethernet 0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.6.14.220 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#
Primaliniedinexempluconfigureazinterfaaethernet0arouterului(primafiind0,adoua1,s.a.m.d.).Tipul
interferfeeipoatesfieiFastEthernetcazncaresemaipotseta viteza(speed10/100)imodulde
funcionare(duplexfull/half).AdoualinieseteazadresadeIPinetmaskulinterfeei.Atreialiniepornete
interfaa.Dacsedoreteoprireaeisefolosetedoarshutdown.

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Laboratorul1112:ConfigurarearouterelorCISCO

Exem p l u :
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet 0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.6.14.220 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#duplex full
Router(config-if)#speed 100
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#
ncazuluneiliniiserialevomavea:
Exem p l u :
Router(config)#interface Serial 0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.6.14.220 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#clockrate 56000
Router(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
Router(config-if)#mtu 1500
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#
Administratorulrouteruluipoateasignapentruroutareroutestaticesaupoatealegesfoloseascroutare
dinamica.
Pentruaadugaorutavomfolosi:
ip route <network ip> <netmask> <interfata|gateway> [metric]

Exem p l u :
// Adaugarea unei routa default statice
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.6.11.1 permanent

// Adaugarea unei routa

Router(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.35.18

Pentruafolosiroutareadinamicvomavea:
router protocol nume_protocol [optiuni]
undenume_protocolesteunprotocolderoutaredinamic(RoutingInformationProtocolRIP,
Border Gateway Protocol BGP, Exterior Gateway Protocol EGP, Interior Gateway
RoutingProtocol IGRP, OSPF,EnhancedInteriorGatewayRoutingProtocol EIGRP,
OpenShortestPathFirstOSPF,etc.)

ncontinuarevomexemplificacelmaisimpluprotocolderoutaredinamic,RIP(daricelmaidumb):

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Laboratorul1112:ConfigurarearouterelorCISCO

Exem p l u :
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network aa.bb.cc.dd
Router(config-router)#network ee.ff.gg.hh
Router(config-router)#exit
Router#show ip protocols
Primalinieactiveazprotocolul RIP.Liniiledoiitreiinformeazrouteruldereelelelacareeste direct
conectat.
UnrouterRIPfacebroadcastatabeleideroutarenfiecarereealacareestedirectconectatlafiecare60de
secundepentruprotocolulIPilafiecare90secundepentruprotocolulIPX.Cndprimesteonouaroutde
laaltroutermetriculacesteiaesteincrementat.Acestanutrebuiesdepaseasc15.Metric16descrie
unreachablenetwork.
UnexempludeconfigurareaprotocoluluideroutareIGRPpoatefi:
Router(config)#router igrp 1000
Router(config-router)#variance 3
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.11.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.243.0
Router(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.243.33
Router(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.243.175
Router(config-router)#passive-interface Ethernet 4
Router(config)#exit
NOT :ncadrullaboratoruluisevalucradoarcuroutaredinamicaRIP.
Cndrouterulafostconfiguratestenecesarssalvmconfiguraiarouteruluipecaretocmaiamrealizato.
Configuraiacurentseineinfiierul running-config.Acestapoatefiafiatprincomandashow
running-config.Dacsedoretecaconfiguraiaactualsserencarcedefiecaredatlapornirea
routeruluisepoatescriefiierul running-config peste startup-config (acestadinurmse
ncarcdefiecaredatcndrouterulesterepornit)nNVRAM(nonvolatileRAM).
Router#copy running-config startup-config
Fiierulstartupconfigpoatefiafiatcucomandashow startup-config.
Tem :
Laboratorul11:
Laboratorul12:

Familiarizarea cu simulatorul de routere CISCO i cu comenzile

acestuia.
Configurarea routerului A (n afar de IP Host Lab_C, Lab_D,
Lab_E)iainterfeelorrouteruluiB(ethernet/seriale)

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