CRIMINAL LAW BOOK II

DIGESTED CASES
Articles 114 to 365 and Specifically Included Special Laws

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE ONE
Crimes Against National Security and the Law of Nations
A. Crimes Against National Security
1. Article 114 Treason
2.

Article 115 Conspiracy and Proposal to Commit Treason

3.

Article 116 - Misprision of Treason

4.

Article 117 Espionage

B. Crimes Against the Law of Nations

1. Article 118 Inciting to War or Giving Motive for Reprisal
2.

Article 119 Violation of Neutrality

3.

Article 120 Correspondence with Hostile Country

4.

Article 121 Flight to Enemy Country

5.

Article 122 Piracy and Mutiny

6.

Article 123 Qualified Piracy and Mutiny

Cases:

People vs. Lol-lo

People vs. Tulin
People vs. Catantan

43 Phil 19
364 SCRA 10
278 SCRA 761

TITLE TWO
Crimes Against The Fundamental Laws of the State
A. Article 124 Arbitrary Detention
Cases:

Astorga vs. People

412 SCRA 51

Cayao vs. Del Mundo

Milo vs. Salanga

226 SCRA 492

152 SCRA 113

B. Article 125 Delay in the Delivery of Detained Persons to Proper Judicial Authority
Cases:

People vs. Garcia

Agbay vs. Dep. Ombudsman

313 SCRA 279

309 SCRA 726

C. Article 126 Delaying Release

D. Article 127 Expulsion
E. Article 128 Violation of Domicile
F.

Article 129 Search Warrant Maliciously Obtained and Abuse in the Service of Those
Legally Obtained

G. Article 130 Searching Domicile Without Witness

H. Article 131 Prohibition, Interruption and Dissolution of Peaceful Meeting
I.

Article 132 Interruption of Religious Worship

J.

Article 133 Offending Religious Feelings

K. Anti-Torture Act of 2009 (RA 9745)

TITLE THREE
Crimes Against Public Order
A. Article 134 Rebellion or Insurrection
Cases:

Ladlad vs. Velasco

People vs. Silongan
People vs. Oliva
People vs. Lovedioro
People vs. Hernandez
People vs. Dasig

GR No. 172070; June 21, 2007

401 SCRA 459
349 SCRA 435
250 SCRA 359
99 Phil 515
GR No. 100231; April 28, 1993

B. Article 134-A Coup d Etat

C. Article 136 Conspiracy and Proposal to Commit Coup d Etat, Rebellion
D. Article 137 Disloyalty of Public Officials

E. Article 138 Inciting to Rebellion

F.

Article 139 Sedition

Cases:

People vs. Cabrera

People vs. Umali

43 Phil 84
96 Phil 185

G. Article 141 Conspiracy to Commit Sedition

H. Article 142 Inciting to Sedition
Cases:

People vs. Nabong

I.

Article 145 Violation of Parliamentary Immunity

J.

Article 146 Illegal Assemblies

57 Phil 455

K. Article 147 Illegal Associations

L. Article 148 Direct Assaults
Cases:

Gelig vs. People

Rivera vs. People
People vs. Abalos
People vs. Dural

GR No. 173150; July 28, 2010

462 SCRA 350
258 SCRA 523
223 SCRA 523

M. Article 149 Indirect Assault

N. Article 151 Resistance and Disobedience to a Person in Authority or Agents of Such
Person
O. Article 153 Tumults and Other Disturbances
P.

Article 154 Unlawful use of Means of Publication and Unlawful Utterances

Q. Article 155 Alarms and Scandal

R. Article 156 Delivering Prisoners from Jail
S.

Article 157 Evasion of Service of Sentence

T.

Article 158 Evasion of Service of Sentence During Period on the Occasion of Disorder

U. Article 159 Violation of Conditional Pardon

V. Article 160 Quasi-Recidivism

W. PD 1866 as Amended by RA 8294 as further Amended by RA 10591

TITLE FOUR
Crimes Against Public Interest
A. Article 161 Counterfeiting the great seal of the Government of the Philippines, forging
the signature or stamp of the Chief Executive
B. Article 162 Using the forged signature or counterfeit seat or stamp of the chief executive
C. Article 163 Making and importing and uttering false coins
D. Article 164 Mutilation of coins importation and utterance of mutilated coins
E. Article 165 Selling of false or mutilated coins, without connivance
F.

Article 166 Forging treasury or bank notes or other documents payable to bearer;
importing and uttering such false or forged notes and documents

G. Article 167 Counterfeiting, importing and uttering instruments payable to bearer

H. Article 168 Illegal possession and use of false treasury or bank notes and other
instruments of credit
Cases:

I.

370 SCRA 181

652 SCRA 382

Article 169 How Forgery is committed

Cases:

J.

Tecson vs. CA
Clemente vs. People

Hernandez vs. Hernandez

Tamani vs. Salvador

642 SCRA 646

647 SCRA 132

Article 170 Falsification of Legislative documents

K. Article 171 Falsification by public officer, employee, notary public or ecclesiastical

minister
Cases:

Guillergan vs. People

Galeos vs. People
Gonzaludo vs. People
Garcia vs. CA

641 SCRA 511

642 SCRA 485
481 SCRA 569
477 SCRA 427

L. Article 172 Falsification by private individuals and use of falsified documents

M. Article 173 Falsification of wireless, cable, telegraph and telephone messages, and use of
said falsified messages
N. Article 174 False medical certificates, certificates of merits or service and the likes
O. Article 175 Using false certificates
P.

Article 176 Manufacturing and possession of instruments or implements for falsification

Q. Article 177 Usurpation of authority and usurpation of official functions

R. Article 178 Using fictitious name and concealing true name
S.

Article 179 Illegal use of uniforms or insignia

T.

Article 180 False testimony against the defendant

U. Article 181 False testimony favorable to the defendant

V. Article 182 False testimony in civil cases
W. Article 183 False testimony on other cases and perjury in solemn affirmation
X. Article 184 Offering false testimony in evidence
Y. Article 185 Machination of public auction
Cases:

Oanu vs. People

GR No. 139984; March 31, 2005

Z. Republic Act 9194 Anti-Money Laundering Act

TITLE FIVE
Crimes Relative to Opium and Other Prohibited Drugs
A. Republic Act 9165 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
Cases:

People vs. Morales

People vs. Peralta
People vs. Gutierrez
People vs. Que Ming Kha

GR No. 172873; March 19, 2000

GR No. 17347; February 26, 2010
GR No. 179213; Sept. 3, 2009
GR No. 133265; May 2009, 2002

TITLE SIX
Crimes Against Public Morals
A. Illegal Gambling
B. Offenses Against Decency and Good Customs

TITLE SEVEN
Crimes Committed by Public Officers
A. Article 203 Who are Public Officers?
B. Dereliction of Duty Prevaricacion
1. Article 204 Knowingly rendering unjust judgment
2. Article 205 Judgment rendered through negligence
3. Article 206 Unjust interlocutory order
4. Article 207 Malicious delay in the administration of justice
5. Article 208 Prosecution of offenses, negligence and tolerance
6. Article 209 Betrayal of trust of an attorney
C. Bribery
1. Article 210 Direct Bribery
Cases:

2.

Marifosque vs. People/

Manipon vs. Sandiganbayan/
Soriano vs. Sandiganbayan/

GR No. 156685; July 27, 2001

GR No. L-58889; July 31, 1986
GR No. L-65952; July 31, 1984

Article 211 Indirect Bribery

Case:
a.

Formelliza vs. Sandiganbayan/

159 SCRA 1

Distinguished from Direct Bribery

Case:

Pozar vs. Court of Appeals

3.

Article 211A Qualified Bribery

4.

Article 212 Corruption of Public Official

Case:

Chua vs. Nuestro/

132 SCRA 729

AM No. P-88-256; Oct. 11, 1990

a.

RA 3019 Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act

Cases:

b.

496 SCRA 321

486 SCRA 545
474 SCRA 222
447 SCRA 209

RA 7080 Anti-Plunder Law

Case:
c.

Chang vs. People

Bustillo vs. Sandiganbayan/
Soriquez vs. Sandiganbayan
Teves vs. Sandiganbayan

People vs. Joseph Ejercito Estrada

RA 9372 Human Security Act

5.

Frauds and Illegal Exactions

a. Article 113 Frauds against the public treasury and similar offenses
a.1. What is Illegal Exaction
b. Article 215 Prohibited Transactions
c. Article 216 Possession of Prohibited Interest by a Public Officer

6.

Malversation of Public Funds or Property

a. Malversation of Public Funds or Property
a.1. Article 217 Presumption of Malversation
a.2. How private persons become liable for malversation
Cases:

b.

7.

GR No. 165195; March 12, 2010

GR No. 145229; April 24, 2006
GR No. 149613; Aug. 9, 2005
GR No. 132926; July 20, 2001.
GR No. 103501-03; Feb. 17, 1997

Article 220 Illegal Use of Public Funds or Property

Cases:

c.

Bahilidad vs. People

Davalos vs. People/
Chan vs. Sandiganbayan/
Agullo vs. Sandiganbayan
Tabuena vs. Sandiganbayan/

Tetanngco vs. Sandiganbayan/

Abdulla vs. People/
Parungao vs. Sandiganbayan

GR No. 156427; Jan. 20, 2006

GR No. 150129; April 6, 2005
GR No. 96025; May 15, 1991

RA 9194 Anti-Money Laundering Act

Infidelity of Public Officers

a. Infidelity in the custody of prisoners
a.1. Articles 223-225 What are the crimes known as infidelity in the custody of
prisoners
b.

Articles 226-228 Infidelity in the custody of documents

c.

Articles 229-230 Revelation of Secrets

8.

Other Offenses or Irregularities of Public Officers

a. Disobedience, Refusal of assistance and maltreatment of prisoners
a.1. Article 231 Open disobedience
a.2. Article 233 Refusal of Assistance
a.3. Refusal to Discharge Elective Office
a.4. Maltreatment of Prisoners
a.5. RA 9745 Anti-Torture Act
b.

Anticipation, prolongation, and abandonment of duties and powers of public

office
b.1. Article 236 Anticipation of Duties and Powers
b.2. Article 237 Prolonging performance of Duties and Powers
b.3. Abandonment of Office or Position

c.

Usurpation of Powers and Unlawful Appointment

c.1. Usurpation of legislative powers
c.2. Usurpation of executive functions
c.3. Usurpation of judicial functions
c.4. Unlawful appointment

d. Abuses Against Chastity

d.1. Acts punishable
d.2. Who are the persons liable
d.3. RA 7877 Anti-Sexual Harassment Act

TITLE EIGHT
Crimes Against Persons
A. Crimes Involving Destruction of Life
1. Article 246 Parricide
2.

Article 247 Death Under Exceptional Circumstances

Cases:

3.

People vs. Ayuman/

People vs. Puedan /
People vs. Abarca/
People vs. Coricor

427 SCRA 248

388 SCRA 266
153 SCRA 735
79 Phil 672

Article 248 Murder / Article 249 Homicide

a. When murder is considered terrorism
Cases:

People vs. Mallari/

People vs. Whisenhunt/
People vs. Contenente

404 SCRA 170

368 SCRA 586
339 SCRA 1

People vs. Antonio/

People vs. Teehankee/
People vs. Manero/
4.

335 SCRA 646

249 SCRA 54
218 SCRA 85

Article 251 Death Caused in a Tumultuous Affray

Cases:

People vs. Unlagada/

People vs. Maramara
Sison vs. People/

389 SCRA 224

317 SCRA 222
250 SCRA 58

5.

Article 252 Physical Injuries Inflicted in a Tumultuous Affray

6.

Article 253 Giving Assistance to Suicide

7.

Article 254 Discharge of Firearms

Case:

Dado vs. People/

8.

Article 255 Infanticide

9.

Article 256 Intentional Abortion

392 SCRA 46

10. Article 257 Unintentional Abortion

Cases:

People vs. Salufrania/

People vs. Genoves/

389 SCRA 224

61 Phil 382

B. Physical Injuries
1. Article 262 Mutilation
Case:

Aguirre vs. Secretary of Justice/

GR No. 170723; March 3, 2008

2.

Article 263 Serious Physical Injuries

3.

Less Serious Physical Injuries When is it qualified?

4.

Slight Physical Injuries and Maltreatment

Case:

Li vs. People/

427 SCRA 217S

C. Article 266A Rape

1. Two ways of Committing Rape
a. Rape by sexual intercourse
b. Rape by sexual assault
Cases:

People vs. Oga

People vs. Agsaoay

431 SCRA 354

430 SCRA 450

People vs. Jalosjos

People vs. Campuhan
People vs. Echegaray

369 SCRA 179

329 SCRA 270
257 SCRA 581

2.

Article 266C Effect of Marriage and Pardon

3.

Special Laws
a. RA 9262 Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act of 2004
b.

RA 9775 Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009

c.

RA 8049 Anti-Hazing Law

d. RA 7610 Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation

and Discrimination Act

TITLE NINE
Crimes Against Personal Liberty and Security
A. Crimes Against Liberty
1. Article 267 Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention
a. Essence of kidnapping; illegal detention
b. When is the crime serious illegal detention
c. Designation of offense if kidnap victim is killed
d. Distinguished from Grave Coercion; Forcible Abduction
Cases:

2.

People vs. Tan

People vs. Rodrigo
Madsali, etal. vs. People
People vs. Silongan/
People vs. Suriaga/

GR No. 177566; March 26, 2008

GR No. 173022; Jan. 23, 2007
GR No. 179570; Feb. 4, 2010
401 SCRA 459
381 SCRA 159

Article 268 Slight Illegal Detention

a. Distinguished from Serious Illegal Detention
Cases:

People vs. Llaguno/

People vs. Dadles/
People vs. Roluna/

285 SCRA 124

278 SCRA 708
231 SCRA 448

3.

Article 269 Unlawful Arrest

4.

Article 270 Kidnapping and Failure to Return Minors

Cases:

People vs. Pastrana/

People vs. Ty/

387 SCRA 342

263 SCRA 746

People vs. Mendoza/

175 SCRA 743

5.

Article 271 Inducing a Minor to Abandon His Home

6.

Article 272 Slavery

7.

Article 273 Exploitation of Child Labor

8.

Article 274 Services Rendered Under Compulsion of Payment of Debt

B. Crimes Against Security

1. Article 275 Abandonment of Persons in Danger and Abandonment of Ones Own
Victim
2.

Article 276 Abandonment of a Minor

3.

Article 277 Abandonment of Minor by Person Entrusted with His Custody;

Indifference of Parents

4.

Article 280 Qualified Trespass to Dwelling

5.

Article 281 Other Forms of Trespass

6.

Article 282 Grave Threats

7.

Article 283 Light Threats

8.

Article 284 Bond for Good Behavior

9.

Article 285 Other Light Threats

10. Article 286 Grave Coercion

Cases:

People vs. Santos/

People vs. Villamar
People vs. Astorga/

378 SCRA 157

298 SCRA 398
283 SCRA 420

11. Article 287 Light Coercion

Cases:

Valeros vs. People/

Ong Chiun Kwan vs. CA/

483 SCRA 10
345 SCRA 688

12. Article 288 Other Similar Coercions

13. Article 290 Discovering Secrets Through Seizure of Correspondence

14. Revelation of Secrets with Abuse of Office

15. Special Laws
a. RA 4200 Anti-Wiretapping Act
b. RA 9372 Human Security Act
c. RA 9208 Anti-Trafficking in Person Act of 2003
TITLE 10
Crimes Against Property
A. Article 293 Who are Guilty of Robbery
1. Elements of Robbery in General
2.

Distinguish Robbery from Theft

3.

Highway Robbery/Brigandage (PD 532)

4.

Carnapping (RA 6539)

a. Qualified Carnapping
Cases:

People vs. Reyes/

People vs. Suela/
People vs. Del Rosario/

399 SCRA 628

373 SCRA 183
359 SCRA 183

B. Article 294 Robbery with Violence or Intimidation of Persons

1. Crimes Punishable
2. Stages of Execution
Cases:

Robbery with Homicide

People vs. Hiposa/
People vs. Hernandez/
People vs. Reyes
People vs. Daniela
People vs. Napalit /
People vs. Campos

Article 294-1
GR No. 185704; Feb. 18, 2010
432 SCRA 104
427 SCRA 48
401 SCRA 619
396 SCRA 887
361 SCRA 339

Cases:

Robbery with Rape

People vs. Verceles/
People vs. Tamayo/
People vs. Domingo
People vs. Lago
People vs. Sultan

Article 294-2
388 SCRA 515
385 SCRA 413
383 SCRA 43
358 SCRA 440
331 SCRA 216

C. Article 295 Robbery with Physical Injuries committed in an uninhabited place and by a
band, or with the use of firearm in a street, road or alley
D. Article 296 Definition of a Band and penalty incurred by members thereof

E. Article 297 Attempted or Frustrated Robbery committed under certain circumstances

F.

Article 298 Execution of Deeds by means of violence or intimidation

G. Article 299 Robbery in an inhabited house, public building, or edifice devoted to

worship
H. Article 300 Robbery in an uninhabited place and by a band
I.

Article 301 What is an inhabited house, public building, etc.

J.

Article 302 Robbery in an uninhabited place or in a private building

K. Article 304 Possession of Picklocks or Similar Tools

L. False Keys
M. Article 306 Who are Brigands?
N. Aiding and abetting bands or brigands
O. Article 308 Who are liable for Theft?
Cases:

P.

Laurel vs. Abrogar/

Gabiola vs. People
Lucas vs. CA/
People vs. Manero
Abundio vs. Sandiganbayan
People vs. Salvilla

GR No. 155976; Jan. 13, 2009

480 SCRA 436
389 SCRA 749
374 SCRA667
205 SCRA 108
184 SCRA 671

Article 309 Penalties

Q. Qualified Theft
Cases:

Roque vs. People/

People vs. Bustinera/
People vs. Salonga/
Carlaga vs. CA/

444 SCRA 98
431 SCRA 284
359 SCRA 310
358 SCRA 583

R. Theft of the Property of the National Library and National Museum

S.

Occupation of a Real Property or Usurpation of Real Right in Property

Cases:

T.

Quinao vs. People/

Altering Boundaries or Landmark

335 SCRA 741

U. Article 314 Fraudulent Insolvency

V. Article 315 Swindling/Estafa
Cases:

1.
2.

Ong vs. People/

Veloso vs. People/
Bonifacio vs. People/
Recuerdo vs. People/
Gonzaludo vs. People
Dela Cruz vs. People
People vs. Juliano
People vs. Cuyugan
People vs. Remullo

GR No. 165275; Sept. 23, 2008

GR No. 149354; Jan. 18, 2008
494 SCRA 627
493 SCRA 517
481 SCRA 589
466 SCRA 190
448 SCRA 370
392 SCRA 140
383 SCRA 93

Violation of BP 22
Each act of drawing and issuing bouncing check constitutes separate offense

W. Article 316 Other Forms of Swindling; Elements

X. Swindling of Minor; Elements
Y. Other Deceits; Acts punished
Case:

Guinhawa vs. People/

468 SCRA 278

Z. Removal, Sale or Pledge of Mortgaged Property; Elements

AA.Arson
1. Article 320 Destructive Arson
2. PD 1613 New Law on Arson
Cases:

People vs. Baluntong

People vs. Murcia/
People vs. Malingan/
People vs. Oliva/
People vs. Acosta/

GR No. 182061; March 15, 2010

GR No. 182460; March 9, 2010
GR No. 170470; Spet. 26, 2006
341 SCRA 78
326 SCRA 49

BB. Who are Liable for Malicious Mischief? Elements

CC. Special Cases of Malicious Mischief
DD. Article 332 Exemption from Criminal Liability in Crimes Against Property

TITKE ELEVEN
Crimes Against Chastity

A. Article 333 Adultery

Cases:

Beltran vs. People/

Vera Neri vs. People/

334 SCRA 106

203 SCRA 760

B. Article 334 Concubinage

C. Article 336 Acts of Lasciviousness
Cases:

Amployo vs. People

People vs. Monteron/
People vs. Perez/
People vs. Collado/
Dulla vs. CA/

457 SCRA 282

387 SCRA 340
378 SCRA 477
353 SCRA 381
326 SCRA 32

D. Qualified Seduction
Cases:

People vs. Javier/

People vs. Manansala/
People vs. Subingsubing/
People vs. Alvarez/

311 SCRA 522

237 SCRA 502
228 SCRA 188
55 SCRA 81

E. Article 388 Simple Seduction

Cases:

F.

People vs. Pascua/

People vs. Teodisio/

406 SCRA 103

198 SCRA 121

Article 339 Acts of Lasciviousness with the Consent of the Offended Party

G. Article 340 Corruption of Minors

H. Article 341 White Slave Trade
I.

Article 342 Forcible Abduction

Cases:

J.

People vs. Lining/

People vs. Egan/
People vs. Garcia/
People vs. Napud/

384 SCRA 427

382 SCRA 326
378 SCRA 288
366 SCRA 25

Article 343 Consented Abduction

K. Article 344 Prosecution of the crimes of adultery, concubinage, seduction, abduction

and acts of lasciviousness
L. Article 345 Civil Liability of persons guilty of crimes against chastity

M. Liability of ascendants, guardians, teachers or other persons entrusted with the custody
of the offended party

TITLE TWELVE
Crimes Against Civil Status of Persons
A. Article 347 Simulation of Births, etc.
B. Article 348 Usurpation of Civil Status
C. Article 349 Bigamy
Cases:

Manuel vs. People/

Diego vs. Castillo/
People vs. Abonado/
Morigo vs. People/
Mercado vs. Tan/
Garcia vs. CA

476 SCRA 461

436 SCRA 67
426 SCRA 662
422 SCRA 378
337 SCRA 122
266 SCRA 201

D. Article 350 Marriage Contracted Against Provisions of Law

E. Article 351 Premature Marriages
F.

Article 352 Performance of Illegal Marriages

TITLE THIRTEEN
Crimes Against Honor
A. Article 353 Definition of Libel
B. Article 354 Requirements of Publicity
Cases:

Fermin vs. People/

2008
Buatis vs. People/
Magno vs. People
Macasaet vs. People
Vasquez vs. CA
Vicario vs. CA/

GR No. 157643, March 28,

485 SCRA 275
480 SCRA 276
452 SCRA 225
314 SCRA 480
308 SCRA 25

C. Article 355 Libel by Means of Writing or Similar Means

D. Article 356 Threatening to Publish and offer to Prevent the Publication of such Libel
E. Article 357 Prohibited publication of Acts Referred to in the Course of Official
Proceedings
F.

Article 358 Slander / Oral Defamation

Cases:

Villanueva vs. People/

Cana vs. People/
Pader vs. People
Victorio vs. CA

487 SCRA 42
473 SCRA 403
325 SCRA 117
173 SCRA 645

G. Article 359 Slander by Deeds

H. Article 360 Persons Responsible/Liable for Libel
I.

Article 361 Proof of Truth

J.

Article 363 Incriminating Innocent Persons

K. Article 364 Intriguing Against Honor

L. Article 365 Criminal Negligence
Cases:

Ivler vs. San Pedro

Loney vs. People/
Abueva vs. People
People vs. Carmen
People vs. Belbes

GR No. 172716; Nov. 17, 2010

482 SCRA 194
390 SCRA 82
355 SCRA 287
834 SCRA 161