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SCHIMBATOARELOR DE CALDURA
7 variabile independente:
2 debite: M1 i M2 ;
4 temperaturi: T1i , T1e , T2i , T2e ;
suprafaa de schimb de cldur: S.
4.
5.
6.
7.
p1
T1i + T1e
[C ] proprietile fluidului primar la temperatura T1;
T1 =
2
W
M1, T1i
1 , 2 , R p K S 2
;
S=?
Tmax Tmin
T2e
T1e=?
Tmed =
[
C ] ;
T
ln max
Tmin
M2, , T2i
Q&
2
S=
m .
K S Tmed
[ ]
1. Aleg T1e ;
3. Q& = Q&1 = Q& 2 = M& 2 c p 2 (T2e T2i ) T2e = T2i + Q& M& 2 c p 2 ;
4. T2 = (T2i + T2e ) 2 prop. fl. sec undar la temp. T2 ;
M1, T1i
5. 1 , 2 , R p K S ;
T2e=?
T
ln max ;
Tmin
T1e=?
M2, , T2i
Metoda -NTC
Ks S
1
NTC1 =
K s dS =
C1
C1
s
Ks S
1
NTC2 =
K s dS =
C2
C2
s
Q&
= &
Qmax
(%)
100
T
=
T
T
max
1
i
2i
C T
T
min
max
max
Cmin/Cmax = ct.
0
NTC
max
1
1
&
d (T1 T2 ) = dQ
+
M& 1c p1 M& 2c p 2
1
d (T1 T2 )
1
= K s
+
dS
&
&
T1 T2
M 1c p1 M 2 c p 2
T1i T2i
1
So
ln
= Ks
+
&
&
T1e T2e
M 1 c p1 M 2 c p 2
1
T1e T2e
1
ln
= K s So
+
M& 1c p1 M& 2c p 2
T1i T2i
K s S o M& 2 c p 2
=
1+
&
M 2c p 2
M& 1c p1
= exp s o 1 +
T1i T2i
M& 1c p1
M& 2 c p 2
r =1
M& 2 c p 2
&
&
Q1 = Q2 T1e = T1i +
(T2i T2e )
M& 1c p1
T2 i
T T2i
Daca, C 2 = M& 2 c p 2 = C min = 2e
T1i T2i
C
C
1 1 + min = exp NTCmax 1 + min
Cmax
Cmax
C* =
=
= 1 + 1 +
k S
M& 2 c p 2 T2e T2i
1 1 +
= exp s o
& c T T
& c
M
M
1
p
1
1
i
2
i
2
p2
Cmin
; N = NTC max
Cmax
1 exp[ N (1 + C *)]
1+ C *
M& 2 c p 2
1 +
&
c
1
p
1
Nr. crt
1
contracurent
= f (N, C*)
N = f (, C*)
[ ( )]
[ ( )]
[ ( + )]
= 1 exp N 1 C
1 exp N 1 C *
=
1 C * exp N 1 C *
*
1+ C*
echicurent
N=
1
1
ln *
*
C 1 C
1
ln[1 (1 + C ) ]
N=
1+ C
exp NC * n 1
= 1 exp
C *n
3
Curent ncruciat,
ambele fluide
neamestecate
unde, n = N-0,22
4 Orice schimbtor la
care un fluid i
= 1 - e-N
schimb starea de
agregare (C* =0)
N = - ln(1 - )
M1, T1i
T2e
4.
5.
6.
[ ]
S=?
T1e=?
M2, , T2i
C* = min ;
C max
C 2 = M& 2 c p 2
C max = max (C1 , C 2 )
3. 1 , 2 , R p K S ;
4. NTC max =
KS S
;
C min
C
5. = f NTC max , min , tipul curgerii ;
C max
M1, T1i
T2e=?
S
T1e=?
M2, , T2i
Metoda PP-NTC2 (P
(P--NTCt)
2
C1 = M& 1c p1
C = M& c
T2 e = ales
p2
R = C 2 / C1
T2 m = 0,5(T2i + T2 e )
Coeficientul global de
transfer de caldura, KS
T1e = ales
1
NTC2 =
c p1 = f (T1m )
ks S
C2
P = f ( NTC 2 , R )
c p 2 = f (T2 m )
T2calc
= T2i + P (T1i T2i )
e
T1calc
= T1i
e
Nu
T2ce T2e
T2ce
T1e = T1calc
e
Nu
calc
1e
T1e T
calc
1e
T2e = T2calc
e
Da
< 0,01
3
Da
< 0,01
calc
T1calc
e , T2 e
STOP
P=
T2
T T
= 2 e 2i
d
Tmax T1i T2i
NTC 2 ==
Ks S
C2
Metoda -P-R-NTC2
Tmed
=
T1i T2i
T2
T2e T2i
P=
=
d
Tmax T1i T2i
R=
C2 T1 T1i T1e
=
=
C1 T2 T2 e T2i
Ks S
NTC 2 ==
C2
Metoda grafografo-analitica
qS
T1
1
Tp1
Tp2
p
T2
2
p
q S ,1 =
qS , 2
T1 T p1
= 1 T1
1
1
T p1 T2
T2
=
=
p 1 p 1
+
+
p 2 p 2
Tmed = T1 + T2
W
m 2
W
m 2