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Tendinþe Privind Globalizarea Sistemului Bancar Internaþional
Tendinþe Privind Globalizarea Sistemului Bancar Internaþional
Abstract. The research comprises four chapters: internationalization and banking concentration in
the last two decades, banking systems from developed economies undergoing an unprecedented process
of transformation: due to the internationalization and to the concentration of the banking activities;
multinational banks globalization led to the appearance of new centers of power, exercising a seemingly growing influence; banking partnerships/alliances have become an alternative to the organic
growth strategies, engaging in diverse organizational structures, from distribution agreements on various financial services to the formation of new entities; free banking areas have set the pace for new
trends in the global financial services industry.
Key words: banking globalization; multinational banks; european banking system; free banking zone;
banking concentration.
n
87
Belgia
Danemarca
Germania
Grecia
Spania
Frana
Irlanda
Italia
Luxemburg
Olanda
Austria
Portugalia
Finlanda
Suedia
Marea Britanie
Uniunea Monetar
Uniunea European
6
0
240
3
6
53
4
64
6
1
21
0
2
1
14
406
421
Denumirea bncii
HSBC Holdings
ara
Capitaluri
Active bancare
Marea Britanie
67.259
1.276.778
Frana
63.422
1.243.047
Marea Britanie
43.828
1.119.480
HBOS
Marea Britanie
36.587
759.594
BNP Paribas
Frana
35.685
1.233.912
Spania
33.259
783.707
Barclays Bank
Marea Britanie
32.178
992.103
Rabobank Group
Olanda
30.810
647.084
ING Bank
Olanda
28.792
839.654
10
UBS
Elveia
27.440
1.533.036
399.260
10.428.395
Total
88
2. Bncile multinaionale
n a doua jumtate a secolului XX s-au produs
schimbri profunde n structura i activitatea sistemului
bancar la scar mondial. Au continuat s existe, desigur,
trsturi specifice ale sistemului bancar n fiecare ar, n
funcie de condiiile economice existente, ca i de alte
89
Denumirea
bncii
ara
Capitaluri
Active
bancare
Citigroup
SUA
74.415
1.484.101
JP Morgan
Chase & Co.
SUA
68.621
1.157.248
HSBC Holdings
Marea
Britanie
67.259
1.276.778
Bank of America
Corp
SUA
64.281
1.110.457
Credit Agricole
Groupe
Frana
63.422
1.243.047
Royal Bank of
Scotland
Marea
Britanie
43.828
1.119.480
Mitsubishi Tokyo
Financial Group
Japonia
39.932
980.285
Mizuho Financial
Group
Japonia
38.864
1.295.942
HBOS
Marea
Britanie
36.587
759.594
10
BNP Paribas
Frana
Total
35.685
1.233.912
532.894
11.660.844
90
3. Alianele bancare
Dac n anii 60 internaionalizarea lua amploare din
nevoia de a nsoi dezvoltarea firmelor multinaionale,
astzi bncile trebuie s fie profitabile i competitive,
ceea ce le face s privilegieze alte forme de
internaionalizare, cum ar fi:
n creterea extern;
n cooperarea sub form de aliane.
Alianele bancare devin o alternativ posibil la
modurile de cretere tradiionale, lund forme diverse, de
la acorduri de distribuie a produselor i serviciilor
financiare pn la crearea unei noi entiti. Acestea s-au
91
92
93
94