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Assignment No. 4
Q1. A river 6 m wide conveys flow at normal depth 2.0 m along a slope of 0.0002 and n =
0.035, upstream of a water fall. The water falls to a depth of 1.9 m. Taking N = 3 steps/
section, determine:
i.
ii.
iii.
Given:
B = 6 m, yo = 2 m, So = 0.0002, n = 0.035, y = 2 m to 1.9 m, N = 3 steps/ section
i.
Flow area A = By = 6 2 = 12 m2
Wetted perimeter P = B + 2 y = 6 + 2(2 ) = 10 m
(1)
1
q = y o R 3 S o2
n
2
1
12 3
q=
2 0.0002 2
0.035
10
q = 0.9126 m3/s/m
(1)
q2
y c =
g
0.9126 2
y c =
9.81
y c = 0.4395 m
(1)
yc
Mild slope
(1)
ii.
So K 2
o
1 K
ave
Uniform incremental of water depth over N steps
y min
y
dy = max
N
2 1.9
dy =
3
dy = 0.0333 m
(1)
1
Conveyance K o = AR 3
n
2
1
12 3
12
Ko =
0.035
10
K o = 387.169
(1)
yc
1
y
dy
ave
So K 2
o
1
K ave
y 2 + y1
2
Byave
B + 2y ave
y
(m)
yave
(m)
Aave
(m2)
Pave
(m)
Rave
(m)
Kave
(m3/s)
1.9 1.933
1.917
11.5
9.833
1.169
364.721
0.9879
0.1269
1297.7
11.7
9.900
1.182
373.667
0.9886
0.0736
2239.4
11.9
9.967
1.194
382.658
0.9891
0.0237
6950.2
1.967 2.0
1.983
Aave
Pave
1
3
Aave Rave
n
y
1 c
y ave
K
1 o
K ave
Length of profile L = dx
dx
(m)
10487.3
(9)
iii.
profile sketch
M2 profile
yo = 2.0 m
y = 1.967 m
yc
y = 1.933 m
y = 1.9 m
Mild slope
6950.2 m
2239.4 m
1297.7 m
L = 10487.3 m
(2)
Upstream of waterfalls
Upstream of a drop
If N = 5 steps, then
3
y
1 c
y
dy
ave
So K 2
o
1
K
ave
y 2 + y1
2
Byave
B + 2y ave
y
(m)
yave
(m)
Aave
(m2)
Pave
(m)
Rave
(m)
Kave
(m3/s)
1.9 1.92
1.91
11.46
9.82
1.167
362.938
0.9878
0.1380
715.88
1.92 1.94
1.93
11.58
9.86
1.174
368.294
0.9882
0.1051
940.01
1.94 1.96
1.95
11.70
9.90
1.182
373.667
0.9886
0.0736
1343.64
1.96 1.96
1.97
11.82
9.94
1.189
379.056
0.9889
0.0433
2285.70
1.98 2.0
1.99
11.94
9.98
1.196
384.461
0.9892
0.0141
6996.87
Aave
Pave
1
3
Aave Rave
n
y
1 c
y ave
K
1 o
K ave
Length of profile L = dx
dx
(m)
12282.10
(9)
Q2. A river of width 6 m conveys water at normal depth 2.0 m along a slope of 0.0002 and n
= 0.035, upstream of a water fall. The water falls to a depth of 1.9 m. Using direct step
method with N = 5 steps/ section, determine:
i.
ii.
iii.
profile sketch
Given:
B = 6 m, yo = 2 m, So = 0.0002, n = 0.035, y = 2 m to 1.9 m, N = 5 steps/ section
i.
Flow area A = By = 6 2 = 12 m2
Wetted perimeter P = B + 2 y = 6 + 2(2 ) = 10 m
(1)
1
q = y o R 3 S o2
n
2
1
12 3
q=
2 0.0002 2
0.035
10
q = 0.9126 m3/s/m
Critical flow depth
q2
y c =
g
(1)
1
0.9126 2
y c =
9.81
y c = 0.4395 m
(1)
(1)
V2
V2
y 2 + 2 y1 + 1
2 g
2 g
dx =
S o S ave
where
S=
n 2V 2
4
R3
By
B+2y
A
P
q
y
S2 + S1
2
V2
V2
y 2 + 2 y1 + 1
2g
2 g
n 2V 2
E
(= E2 E1)
(m)
Savg
y+
(1)
V2
2g
4
3
V2
V2
y 2 + 2 y1 + 1
2 g
2 g
S o S ave
0.4563
V
2g
(m)
0.0106
2.0106
1.98
11.88
9.96
1.1928
0.4609 0.0108
1.9908
0.0198
0.00021
0.00020 0.000003
6928.03
1.96
11.76
9.92
1.1855
0.4656
0.0110
1.9710
0.0198
0.00021
0.00021
0.000009
2277.92
1.94
11.64
9.88
1.1781
0.4704
0.0113
1.9513
0.0198
0.00022
0.00021
0.000015
1340.80
1.92
11.52
9.84
1.1707
0.4753
0.0115
1.9315
0.0198
0.00022
0.00022
0.000021
938.55
1.90
11.40
9.80
1.1633
0.4803
0.0118
1.9118
0.0198
0.00023
0.00023
0.000028
714.98
(m)
(m2)
(m)
(m)
(m/s)
(m)
So Savg
dx
(m)
0.00020
Length of profile L = dx
12200.29
(9)
M2 profile
1.9 m
1.92 m
1.94 m
yc
1.96 m
1.98 m
profile sketch
2.00 m
iii.
Mild slope
6928.0 m
2277.9
L = 12200.3 m
(2)
If N = 3 steps:
By
B+2y
A
P
q
y
S2 + S1
2
V2
V2
y 2 + 2 y1 + 1
2 g
2 g
n 2V 2
E
(= E2 E1)
(m)
Savg
y+
V2
2g
R3
V2
V2
y 2 + 2 y1 + 1
2 g
2 g
S o S ave
0.4563
V
2g
(m)
0.0106
2.0106
1.1879
0.4640
0.0110
1.9776
0.0330
0.00021
0.00020 0.000005
6835.81
9.867
1.1757
0.4720
0.0114
1.9447
0.0330
0.00022
0.00021
0.000015
2226.32
9.800
1.1633
0.4803
0.0118
1.9118
0.0329
0.00023
0.00023
0.000025
1292.90
Length of profile L = dx
10355.03
(m)
(m2)
(m)
(m)
(m/s)
2.000
12.0
1.967
11.8
9.933
1.933
11.6
1.900
11.4
10.000 1.2000
(m)
So Savg
dx
(m)
0.00020